The Role of Stimulus Type and Social Signal for Voice Perception in Cochlear Implant Users: Response to the Letter by Meister et al.

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4327-4328
Author(s):  
Stefan R. Schweinberger ◽  
Celina I. von Eiff ◽  
Louisa Kirchen ◽  
Tobias Oberhoffner ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Voice Perception ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
Voice Processing

Purpose In their letter, Meister et al. (2020) appropriately point to a potential influence of stimulus type, arguing cochlear implant (CI) users may have the ability to use timbre cues only for complex stimuli such as sentences but not for brief stimuli such as vowel–consonant–vowel or single words. While we cannot exclude this possibility on the basis of Skuk et al. (2020) alone, we hold that there is a strong need to consider type of social signal (e.g., gender, age, emotion, speaker identity) to assess the profile of preserved and impaired aspects of voice processing in CI users. We discuss directions for further research to systematically consider interactive effects of stimulus type and social signal. In our view, this is crucial to understand and enhance nonverbal vocal perception skills that are relevant to successful communication with a CI.

Letter to the Editor Concerning Skuk et al., “Parameter-Specific Morphing Reveals Contributions of Timbre and Fundamental Frequency Cues to the Perception of Voice Gender and Age in Cochlear Implant Users”

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4325-4326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Meister ◽  
Katrin Fuersen ◽  
Barbara Streicher ◽  
Ruth Lang-Roth ◽  
Martin Walger
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Voice Perception ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
General Influence

Purpose The purpose of this letter is to compare results by Skuk et al. (2020) with Meister et al. (2016) and to point to a potential general influence of stimulus type. Conclusion Our conclusion is that presenting sentences may give cochlear implant recipients the opportunity to use timbre cues for voice perception. This might not be the case when presenting brief and sparse stimuli such as consonant–vowel–consonant or single words, which were applied in the majority of studies.

scholarly journals POKYČIO PASTEBĖJIMAS: PATEIKIAMO DALYKO SAVYBĖS IR DALYKO SUDĖTINGUMO VAIDMUO

Psichologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algis Norvilas ◽  
Teresa Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Stimulus Complexity ◽  
Object Identity ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Versus Stimulus

Simons (1996) manė aptikęs, kad pateikto pavidalo pokytis yra daug greičiau pastebimas negu pateikto daikto pokytis. Tačiau kritiškiau pažvelgus į šį atradimą darosi neaišku, kiek šis skirtumas yra susijęs su pateiktais dalykais: pavidalu ir daiktu, kiek su pateikto dalyko sudėtingumu, kuris daiktų atžvilgiu buvo gerokai didesnis negu pavidalo atžvilgiu. Mat daiktų vaizdą sudarė penki skirtingi daiktų paveikslai, o pavidalo vaizdą sudarė penkių išdėstytų daiktų vientisa forma.Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo patikrinti, ar sudėtingumas kartais nebus suvaidinęs svarbaus vaidmens pastebint pateiktų dalykų pokyčius. Tam buvo paruošti keturių pobūdžių pateikiamieji dalykai, susidedantys, kaip ir Simons tyrime, iš penkių vienetų, kurie buvo atsitiktinai išdėstyti 3 × 3 lentelės langeliuose. Paprastą daiktų pateikimą sudarė penki to paties daikto paveikslai (pvz., kriaušė), sudėtingą daiktų pateikimą sudarė penki skirtingi daiktų paveikslai (pvz., kriaušė, vėžlys, rašomasis stalas, žvaigždė, lėktuvas). Paprasto pavidalo pateikimą sudarė penkių taškų rinkinys, sudėtingo pavidalo pateikimą sudarė penkių taškų grupių, kurių kiekviena buvo sudaryta iš penkių taškų, rinkinys. Tiriamiesiems iš viso buvo pateikta 120 dalykų porų kurių pusė nesikeisdavo ir pusė pasikeisdavo. Pakeitimas daiktų poroje buvo daromas pakeičiant vieną daiktą visai nauju daiktu, o pavidalą pateikiančioje poroje – perkeliant vieną kurį tašką į šalimais stovintį langelį.Tiriamieji buvo tikrinami atskirai. Jiems visos atsitiktinai išdėstytos 120 daiktų poros buvo pateiktos 18 colių kompiuterio ekrane. Porų pateikimą valdė Cedrus „Super Lab“ kompiuterio programa. Pirmasis poros vaizdas pasirodydavo 2 s, tada buvo daromas 4,3 s tarpelis, po kurio pasirodydavo tapatus ar pakeistas antrosios poros vaizdas. Dalyvio užduotis buvo nuspręsti, ar pateikti poros vaizdai yra „tokie patys“, ar „skirtingi“, paspaudžiant atitinkamą mygtuką ant priešais stovinčios dėžutės.Įvertinus tyrimo duomenis, nepasitvirtino tariamai didesnis pavidalo imlumas pokyčio pastebėjimui, nes skirtumo tarp pateiktų daiktų porų ir pavidalų porų pokyčio pastebėjimo atžvilgiu nebūta. Tačiau aptikta, kad pateiktų daiktų sudėtingumas turi ypač didelį poveikį pokyčio pastebėjimui: paprastų dalykų porose pokytis buvo kur kas lengviau pastebimas negu sudėtingų dalykų porose.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: pokyčio pastebėjimas, sudėtingumo lygis, netarpiškoji regimoji atmintis. DETECTION OF CHANGE: ROLE OF STIMULUS TYPE VERSUS STIMULUS COMPLEXITYAlgis Norvilas, Teresa Mackey SummaryThis study has investigated the claim that detection of change for spatial configuration is inherently easier than for object identity. Specifically, it looked at whether a difference in complexity, which was much greater in object than in configuration stimuli, might have mediated the difference in performance. In order to assess this possibility, participants were asked to detect change both for object and configuration stimulus pairs at two levels of complexity: simple and complex. The results showed that participants were much better at detecting change for simple stimuli than for complex stimuli, regardless of the type of stimulus involved. These findings, then, do not support a special status for configuration, rather they point to stimulus complexity as playing a determinate role in change detection.Keywords: change detection, level of complexity, immediate visual memory

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

Categorization flexibility and unconventional choices: is life an adventure?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1963-1986
Author(s):  
Tilottama G. Chowdhury ◽  
Feisal Murshed
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Multiple Domains

Purpose This paper proposes that categorization flexibility, operationalized as the cognitive capacity that cross-categorizes products in multiple situational categories across multiple domains, might favorably influence a consumer’s evaluation of unconventional options. Design/methodology/approach Experimental research design is used to test the theory. An exploratory study first establishes the effect of categorization flexibility in a non-food domain. Study 1 documents the moderating role of decision domain, showing that the effect works only under low- (vs high-) consequence domain. Studies 2A and 2B further refine the notion by showing that individuals can be primed in a relatively higher categorization flexibility frame of mind. Study 3 demonstrates the interactive effect of categorization flexibility and adventure priming in a high-consequence domain. Study 4 integrates the interactive effects of decisions with low- vs high-consequence, adventure priming and categorization flexibility within a single decision domain of high consequence. Findings Consumers with higher- (vs lower-) categorization flexibility tend to opt for unconventional choices when the decision domain entails low consequences, whereas such a result does not hold under decision domain of high consequences. The categorization flexibility effects in case of low-consequence decision domain holds true even when consumers are primed to be categorization flexible. Furthermore, with additional adventure priming, consumers show an increased preference for unconventional options even under a decision domain with high consequence. Research limitations/implications This study could not examine real purchase behavior as results are based on cross-sectional, behavioral intention data. In addition, it did not examine the underlying reason for presence of cross-domain categorization flexibility index. Practical implications The results suggest that stimuli may be tailored to consumers in ways that increase the salience and the perceived attractiveness of unconventional choices. Further, data reinforce the notion of cross-categorical interrelations among different domains, which could be leveraged by marketers. Originality/value This study represents the first documentation of the potential ways by which unconventional product choice might be a function of individuals’ categorization flexibility level across different types of decision domains. The findings yield implications that are novel to both categorization and consumer decision-making literature.

scholarly journals DOM degradation by light and microbes along the Yukon River-coastal ocean continuum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice K. Grunert ◽  
Maria Tzortziou ◽  
Patrick Neale ◽  
Alana Menendez ◽  
Peter Hernes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Spring Freshet ◽  
Dom Composition

AbstractThe Arctic is experiencing rapid warming, resulting in fundamental shifts in hydrologic connectivity and carbon cycling. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a significant component of the Arctic and global carbon cycle, and significant perturbations to DOM cycling are expected with Arctic warming. The impact of photochemical and microbial degradation, and their interactive effects, on DOM composition and remineralization have been documented in Arctic soils and rivers. However, the role of microbes, sunlight and their interactions on Arctic DOM alteration and remineralization in the coastal ocean has not been considered, particularly during the spring freshet when DOM loads are high, photoexposure can be quite limited and residence time within river networks is low. Here, we collected DOM samples along a salinity gradient in the Yukon River delta, plume and coastal ocean during peak river discharge immediately after spring freshet and explored the role of UV exposure, microbial transformations and interactive effects on DOM quantity and composition. Our results show: (1) photochemical alteration of DOM significantly shifts processing pathways of terrestrial DOM, including increasing relative humification of DOM by microbes by > 10%; (2) microbes produce humic-like material that is not optically distinguishable from terrestrial humics; and (3) size-fractionation of the microbial community indicates a size-dependent role for DOM remineralization and humification of DOM observed through modeled PARAFAC components of fluorescent DOM, either through direct or community effects. Field observations indicate apparent conservative mixing along the salinity gradient; however, changing photochemical and microbial alteration of DOM with increasing salinity indicate changing DOM composition likely due to microbial activity. Finally, our findings show potential for rapid transformation of DOM in the coastal ocean from photochemical and microbial alteration, with microbes responsible for the majority of dissolved organic matter remineralization.

scholarly journals The Role of Gut, Vaginal, and Urinary Microbiome in Urinary Tract Infections: From Bench to Bedside

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tomislav Meštrović ◽  
Mario Matijašić ◽  
Mihaela Perić ◽  
Hana Čipčić Paljetak ◽  
Anja Barešić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Urinary Microbiome ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Paradigm

The current paradigm of urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogenesis takes into account the contamination of the periurethral space by specific uropathogens residing in the gut, which is followed by urethral colonization and pathogen ascension to the urinary bladder. Consequently, studying the relationship between gut microbiota and the subsequent development of bacteriuria and UTI represents an important field of research. However, the well-established diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm for urinary tract infections (UTIs) has come into question with the discovery of a multifaceted, symbiotic microbiome in the healthy urogenital tract. More specifically, emerging data suggest that vaginal dysbiosis may result in Escherichia coli colonization and prompt recurrent UTIs, while urinary microbiome perturbations may precede the development of UTIs and other pathologic conditions of the urinary system. The question is whether these findings can be exploited for risk reduction and treatment purposes. This review aimed to appraise the three aforementioned specific microbiomes regarding their potential influence on UTI development by focusing on the recent studies in the field and assessing the potential linkages between these different niches, as well as evaluating the state of translational research for novel therapeutic and preventative approaches.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Identities and Their Sociostructural Correlates: How Gendered Lives Shape Parental and Work Identities

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (13) ◽  
pp. 1852-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Gaunt ◽  
Jacqueline Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Work Identity ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Identity Centrality ◽  
Parental Identity ◽  
Moderating Role

This study draws on identity theory to explore parental and work identities. It examined gender differences in identities, as well as the moderating role of gender in the effects of individuals’ sociostructural characteristics. A sample of 148 couples with young children completed extensive questionnaires. As hypothesized, couples’ paid-work strategy moderated gender differences in the salience and centrality of parental and work identities. Whereas significant differences in identities were found between stay-at-home mothers and their breadwinning husbands, no differences were found among dual-earner couples. Moreover, men’s work identity centrality increased when they had more and younger children, whereas women’s work identity centrality decreased. Finally, men’s parental identity centrality increased with their income, whereas women’s parental identity centrality decreased the more they earned. These findings attest to the importance of examining differences within as well as between genders, by taking into account the interactive effects of gender with other sociostructural characteristics.

scholarly journals Rapid learning of minimally different words in five- to six-year-old children: effects of acoustic salience and hearing impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCEL R. GIEZEN ◽  
PAOLA ESCUDERO ◽  
ANNE E. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Object Matching ◽  
Rapid Learning ◽  
Minimal Pairs

AbstractThis study investigates the role of acoustic salience and hearing impairment in learning phonologically minimal pairs. Picture-matching and object-matching tasks were used to investigate the learning of consonant and vowel minimal pairs in five- to six-year-old deaf children with a cochlear implant (CI), and children of the same age with normal hearing (NH). In both tasks, the CI children showed clear difficulties with learning minimal pairs. The NH children also showed some difficulties, however, particularly in the picture-matching task. Vowel minimal pairs were learned more successfully than consonant minimal pairs, particularly in the object-matching task. These results suggest that the ability to encode phonetic detail in novel words is not fully developed at age six and is affected by task demands and acoustic salience. CI children experience persistent difficulties with accurately mapping sound contrasts to novel meanings, but seem to benefit from the relative acoustic salience of vowel sounds.

scholarly journals English for European Communication and Tourism: Focus on Pragmatic Competence

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-332
Author(s):  
Agata Klimczak-Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Pragmatic competence in L2 English is claimed here to be crucial for successful communication in a variety of communicative contexts across Europe. However, due to language background, cultural and identity differences among users of English, there is a need for reflection and data-driven examination of how the language is used in specific situations. This paper adopts a cross-cultural perspective on the study of the use of English in the European Union with focus on its role in tourism. The role of English as the language of communication in Europe is discussed, followed by a proposal as to the way in which its actual usage can be studied. The data-driven approach to pragmatic behavior is advocated as the basis for the development of pragmatic competence in learners of English with focus on those who wish to engage in tourism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document