scholarly journals POKYČIO PASTEBĖJIMAS: PATEIKIAMO DALYKO SAVYBĖS IR DALYKO SUDĖTINGUMO VAIDMUO

Psichologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algis Norvilas ◽  
Teresa Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Stimulus Complexity ◽  
Object Identity ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Versus Stimulus

Simons (1996) manė aptikęs, kad pateikto pavidalo pokytis yra daug greičiau pastebimas negu pateikto daikto pokytis. Tačiau kritiškiau pažvelgus į šį atradimą darosi neaišku, kiek šis skirtumas yra susijęs su pateiktais dalykais: pavidalu ir daiktu, kiek su pateikto dalyko sudėtingumu, kuris daiktų atžvilgiu buvo gerokai didesnis negu pavidalo atžvilgiu. Mat daiktų vaizdą sudarė penki skirtingi daiktų paveikslai, o pavidalo vaizdą sudarė penkių išdėstytų daiktų vientisa forma.Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo patikrinti, ar sudėtingumas kartais nebus suvaidinęs svarbaus vaidmens pastebint pateiktų dalykų pokyčius. Tam buvo paruošti keturių pobūdžių pateikiamieji dalykai, susidedantys, kaip ir Simons tyrime, iš penkių vienetų, kurie buvo atsitiktinai išdėstyti 3 × 3 lentelės langeliuose. Paprastą daiktų pateikimą sudarė penki to paties daikto paveikslai (pvz., kriaušė), sudėtingą daiktų pateikimą sudarė penki skirtingi daiktų paveikslai (pvz., kriaušė, vėžlys, rašomasis stalas, žvaigždė, lėktuvas). Paprasto pavidalo pateikimą sudarė penkių taškų rinkinys, sudėtingo pavidalo pateikimą sudarė penkių taškų grupių, kurių kiekviena buvo sudaryta iš penkių taškų, rinkinys. Tiriamiesiems iš viso buvo pateikta 120 dalykų porų kurių pusė nesikeisdavo ir pusė pasikeisdavo. Pakeitimas daiktų poroje buvo daromas pakeičiant vieną daiktą visai nauju daiktu, o pavidalą pateikiančioje poroje – perkeliant vieną kurį tašką į šalimais stovintį langelį.Tiriamieji buvo tikrinami atskirai. Jiems visos atsitiktinai išdėstytos 120 daiktų poros buvo pateiktos 18 colių kompiuterio ekrane. Porų pateikimą valdė Cedrus „Super Lab“ kompiuterio programa. Pirmasis poros vaizdas pasirodydavo 2 s, tada buvo daromas 4,3 s tarpelis, po kurio pasirodydavo tapatus ar pakeistas antrosios poros vaizdas. Dalyvio užduotis buvo nuspręsti, ar pateikti poros vaizdai yra „tokie patys“, ar „skirtingi“, paspaudžiant atitinkamą mygtuką ant priešais stovinčios dėžutės.Įvertinus tyrimo duomenis, nepasitvirtino tariamai didesnis pavidalo imlumas pokyčio pastebėjimui, nes skirtumo tarp pateiktų daiktų porų ir pavidalų porų pokyčio pastebėjimo atžvilgiu nebūta. Tačiau aptikta, kad pateiktų daiktų sudėtingumas turi ypač didelį poveikį pokyčio pastebėjimui: paprastų dalykų porose pokytis buvo kur kas lengviau pastebimas negu sudėtingų dalykų porose.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: pokyčio pastebėjimas, sudėtingumo lygis, netarpiškoji regimoji atmintis. DETECTION OF CHANGE: ROLE OF STIMULUS TYPE VERSUS STIMULUS COMPLEXITYAlgis Norvilas, Teresa Mackey SummaryThis study has investigated the claim that detection of change for spatial configuration is inherently easier than for object identity. Specifically, it looked at whether a difference in complexity, which was much greater in object than in configuration stimuli, might have mediated the difference in performance. In order to assess this possibility, participants were asked to detect change both for object and configuration stimulus pairs at two levels of complexity: simple and complex. The results showed that participants were much better at detecting change for simple stimuli than for complex stimuli, regardless of the type of stimulus involved. These findings, then, do not support a special status for configuration, rather they point to stimulus complexity as playing a determinate role in change detection.Keywords: change detection, level of complexity, immediate visual memory

In Sight, Out of Mind: When Object Representations Fail

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Object Representations ◽  
Object Identity ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Single Presentation

Models of human visual memory often presuppose an extraordinary ability to recognize and identify objects, based on evidence for nearly flawless recognition of hundreds or even thousands of pictures after a single presentation (Nickerson, 1965, Shepard, 1967, Standing, Conezio, & Haber, 1970) and for storage of tens of thousands of object representations over the course of a lifetime (Biederman, 1987) However, recent evidence suggests that observers often fail to notice dramatic changes to scenes, especially changes occurring during eye movements (e g, Grimes, 1996) The experiments presented here show that immediate memory for object identity is surprisingly poor, especially when verbal labeling is prevented However, memory for the spatial configuration of objects remains excellent even with verbal interference suggesting a fundamental difference between representations of spatial configuration and object properties

The Role of Stimulus Type and Social Signal for Voice Perception in Cochlear Implant Users: Response to the Letter by Meister et al.

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4327-4328
Author(s):  
Stefan R. Schweinberger ◽  
Celina I. von Eiff ◽  
Louisa Kirchen ◽  
Tobias Oberhoffner ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Voice Perception ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
Voice Processing

Purpose In their letter, Meister et al. (2020) appropriately point to a potential influence of stimulus type, arguing cochlear implant (CI) users may have the ability to use timbre cues only for complex stimuli such as sentences but not for brief stimuli such as vowel–consonant–vowel or single words. While we cannot exclude this possibility on the basis of Skuk et al. (2020) alone, we hold that there is a strong need to consider type of social signal (e.g., gender, age, emotion, speaker identity) to assess the profile of preserved and impaired aspects of voice processing in CI users. We discuss directions for further research to systematically consider interactive effects of stimulus type and social signal. In our view, this is crucial to understand and enhance nonverbal vocal perception skills that are relevant to successful communication with a CI.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. S. Sudakova ◽  
M. L. Vladov ◽  
M. R. Sadurtdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

Speculative Realism and Science Fiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Willems
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cormac Mccarthy ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
Neil Gaiman ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quentin Meillassoux

A human-centred approach to the environment is leading to ecological collapse. One of the ways that speculative realism challenges anthropomorphism is by taking non-human things to be as valid objects of investivation as humans, allowing a more responsible and truthful view of the world to take place. Brian Willems uses a range of science fiction literature that questions anthropomorphism both to develop and challenge this philosophical position. He looks at how nonsense and sense exist together in science fiction, the way in which language is not a guarantee of personhood, the role of vision in relation to identity formation, the difference between metamorphosis and modulation, representations of non-human deaths and the function of plasticity within the Anthropocene. Willems considers the works of Cormac McCarthy, Paolo Bacigalupi, Neil Gaiman, China Miéville, Doris Lessing and Kim Stanley Robinson are considered alongside some of the main figures of speculative materialism including Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux and Jane Bennett.

On the Use of Quantum Thermal Bath in Unimolecular Fragmentation Simulations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Spezia ◽  
Hichem Dammak
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Thermal Bath ◽  
Unimolecular Dissociation ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Rotational Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nuclear Effects

<div> <div> <div> <p>In the present work we have investigated the possibility of using the Quantum Thermal Bath (QTB) method in molecular simulations of unimolecular dissociation processes. Notably, QTB is aimed in introducing quantum nuclear effects with a com- putational time which is basically the same as in newtonian simulations. At this end we have considered the model fragmentation of CH4 for which an analytical function is present in the literature. Moreover, based on the same model a microcanonical algorithm which monitor zero-point energy of products, and eventually modifies tra- jectories, was recently proposed. We have thus compared classical and quantum rate constant with these different models. QTB seems to correctly reproduce some quantum features, in particular the difference between classical and quantum activation energies, making it a promising method to study unimolecular fragmentation of much complex systems with molecular simulations. The role of QTB thermostat on rotational degrees of freedom is also analyzed and discussed. </p> </div> </div> </div>

«Имперский синдром»: концепция османского халифата на Ближнем Востоке и в Южной Азии (первая четверть XX в.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Kirillina ◽  
A.L. Safronova ◽  
V.V. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aspect Interaction ◽  
Muhammad Rashid Rida ◽  
Political Actions

Аннотация В статье изучены общие и специфические черты идейных воззрений, пропагандистской риторики и политических действий представителей халифатистского движения на Ближнем Востоке и в Южной Азии. В ретроспективном ключе прослеживается эволюция представлений о сущности и необходимости возрождения института халифата в трудах исламских идеологов, реформаторов и политиков Джамал ад-Дина ал-Афгани, Абд ар-Рахмана ал-Кавакиби, Мухаммада Рашида Риды, Абул Калама Азада. Внимание авторов сосредоточено на общественно-политических дискуссиях 2030-х годов XX столетия, а также на повестке дня халифатистских конгрессов и конференций этого периода. На них вырабатывались первые представления современников о пост-османском формате мусульманского единства и идейно-политической роли будущего халифата. Авторы демонстрируют различие между моделями реакции мусульман Ближнего Востока и Южной Азии на упразднение османского халифата республиканским руководством Турции. Установлена многоаспектная взаимосвязь между халифатистскими ценностями, проосманскими настроениями и формами самоотождествления, которые сложились в арабских и южноазиатских обществах. Отдельно намечено соотношение между подъемом халифатистских настроений и радикализацией антиколониальных действий мусульман Индостана.Abstract The article deals with analysis of common and specific features of ideas, propaganda, rhetoric and political actions taken by representatives of the movement for defense of the Caliphate in the Middle East and South Asia. The retrospection showing the transformation of conception of the Caliphate and the necessity of its revival in the works of eminent ideologists and politicians of the Muslim world Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, Muhammad Rashid Rida and Abul Kalam Azad, is also given in the article. The authors also focus on the social and political discussions of the 1920s 1930s, as well as on the agenda of Caliphatist congresses and conferences of this period. They helped to elaborate the early representations of post-Ottoman pattern of the Muslim unity and the ideological and political role of the future Caliphate. The authors demonstrate the difference between the forms of reaction of Muslims in the Middle East and South Asia to the repudiation of the Caliphate by the Republican leaders of Turkey. The article establishes a multi-aspect interaction between the Caliphatist values and forms of self-identification, emerged in Arab and South Asian societies. The correlation between the rise of Caliphatist attitudes and radicalization of anti-colonial actions of South Asian Muslims is also outlined.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

Investigating the Personality Variable (LOC) & Impression Management Relationship: Exploring the Role of Demographic Variables & Sectoral Difference of Managers

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornima Madan ◽  
Shalini Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personality Variable ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Test Correlation

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between locus of control and impression management. The study also examines the variation in locus of control dimensions namely, internality, externality (others) and externality (chance). It further investigates the difference on perception of demographic variables (gender and marital status) and sectoral difference on impression management. The study was administered on 125 Managers who were representatives of different private and public sector organizations in Delhi/NCR. Variables in the study were assessed using validated instruments. Descriptive Statistics, t-test, Correlation and Regression were used for data analysis. Organizations will be better prepared to dig into the arena of one of the personality variable, i.e. locus of control and its relationship with impression management. The current research is imperative in providing insights into role of personality variable (locus of control) and impression management, which will be one of the pioneer researches available till date. Moreover, the research will highlight the significance of locus of control dimensions and impression management.

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