A Longitudinal Study of Stuttering in Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Yairi ◽  
Nicoline Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Post Onset

It has come to our attention that minor errors occurred in Table 3 on p. 759 of the Yairi and Ambrose article, "A Longitudinal Study of Stuttering in Children: A Preliminary Report," which appeared in the August 1992 issue (Vol. 35, pp. 755–760). A revised version of the table appears below that includes both the original values and the corrected values (in boldface). As can be seen, the differences are indeed minor. The changes do not affect the reported patterns or level of statistical significance. In the untreated group, 7 or 78% recovered by 24 months post-onset and 1 additional subject recovered later, making a total recovery rate of 89%, with 11% persistent. In the treated group, 11 or 61% recovered by 24 months post-onset and an additional 5 recovered later, again totalling 89% recovery and 11% persistent. These data do not in any way indicate that treatment is not beneficial nor that it has no effect but simply that success rates for treated individuals must take spontaneous recovery into account. We regret the error.

Control of Hypertension and Prophylaxis against Vasospasm in Cases of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Rosenwasser ◽  
Tomas E. Delgado ◽  
William A. Buchheit ◽  
Michael H. Freed
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
And Control

Abstract Thirty hypertensive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were divided randomly into two groups. The treated group was begun on preliminary volume expansion, and control of hypertension was carried out using vasodilators and centrally acting drugs. The control group was treated in the classical manner for hypertension, with a diuretic as the foundation for therapy. The incidence of clinical vasospasm was compared to that of angiographic spasm. The incidence of preoperative vasospasm in the treated group was 20%, as compared to 60% in the untreated group (P < 0.01). Of the treated group, 87% survived to operation, whereas only 53% of the control group survived to operation (P < 0.01).

Rapid microwave-assisted acid extraction of southern pine waste wood to remove metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treatment

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Y. Hse ◽  
Todd F. Shupe ◽  
Bin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Chromated Copper Arsenate ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
One Step ◽  
Copper Arsenate

Abstract Recovery of metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated southern pine wood particles was investigated by extraction in a microwave reactor with binary combinations of acetic acid (AA), oxalic acid (OxA), and phosphoric acid (PhA). Use of OxA was not successful, as insoluble copper oxalate complexes impeded copper removal. The combination of OxA and AA also had adverse effects on copper extraction. In contrast, the combination of AA and PhA enhanced the chromium recovery rate. The highest recovery rate of metals could be achieved with a mixture of 2.75% PhA and 0.5% AA at 130°C for 10 min in the microwave oven. The total recovery rate approached 100% for arsenic, 96.7% for chromium, and 98.6% for copper in a one-step process.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of AmBisome Compared to Conventional Amphotericin B and Fluconazole against Candida auris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Herrada ◽  
Ahmed Gamal ◽  
Lisa Long ◽  
Sonia P. Sanchez ◽  
Thomas S. McCormick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
In Vivo Antifungal Activity

Antifungal activity of AmBisome against Candida auris was determined in vitro and in vivo. AmBisome showed MIC50 and MIC90 values of 1 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. Unlike conventional amphotericin B, significant in vivo efficacy was observed in the AmBisome 7.5 mg/kg -treated group in survival and reduction of kidney tissue fungal burden compared to the untreated group. Our data shows that AmBisome shows significant antifungal activity against C. auris in vitro as well as in vivo.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin C on Endosulfan-induced oxidative stress parameters in prepubertal rats

Biomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Manokaran ◽  
Vasanthalaxmi Krishnananda Rao ◽  
Nilima . ◽  
Manjula Shimoga Durgoji Rao ◽  
Sucheta Prasanna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Testicular Weight

Introduction and Aim: Oxidative stress plays a very important role in endosulfan-induced toxic effects on reproductive organs. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant which plays an important role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of vitamin C against endosulfan-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. To investigate a protective effect of vitamin C against endosulfan induced toxicity on biochemical changes. Materials and Methods: Seventy male neonatal Wistar rats were divided into  seven groups. The group  I was taken as the control group, the endosulfan-treated were grouped into II (3 mg/kg body weight (BW) and group III (6 mg/kg BW), Group IV (9 mg/kg BW) and Group V (12 mg/kg BW). Group VI (9 mg/kg BW) and group VII (12 mg/kg BW) were pretreated with vitamin C (20 mg/kg BW) for 60 days. After  the experimental procedures, the testicular weight, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme and testosterone in plasma, LDH, steroidogenic enzymes 3?-HSD and 17?-HSD in testis were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance. Results: Significant improvement in the testicular weight (P<0.05) , LDH (P<0.05) levels both in plasma and testis, increase in testosterone(P<0.001) and steroidogenic enzyme levels(P<0.001) was observed in the group pretreated with vitamin C treated group when compared to the endosulfan treated group. Conclusion: Vitamin C decreases the toxic effect of endosulfan on testis. The present action might be  due to its antioxidative properties.

Fibrinolysis therapy achieved with tissue plasminogen activator and aspiration of the liquefied clot after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: rapid reduction in hematoma volume but intensification of delayed edema formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veit Rohde ◽  
Ina Rohde ◽  
Ruth Thiex ◽  
Azize Ince ◽  
Axel Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Hematoma Volume ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Fibrinolysis therapy accomplished using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and aspiration is considered to be a viable alternative to microsurgery and medical therapy for the treatment of deep-seated spontaneous intracerebral hematomas (SICHs). Tissue plasminogen activator is a mediator of thrombin- and ischemia-related delayed edema. Because both thrombin release and ischemia occur after SICH, the authors planned to investigate the effect of fibrinolytic therapy on hematoma and delayed edema volume. Methods. A spherical hematoma was created in the frontal white matter of 18 pigs. In the tPA-treated group (nine pigs), a mean of 1.55 ml tPA was injected into the clot and the resulting liquefied blood was aspirated. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on Days 0 (after surgery), 4, and 10, and the volumes of hematoma and edema were determined. In the animals not treated with tPA (untreated group; nine pigs), the volume of hematoma dropped from 1.43 ± 0.42 ml on Day 0 to 0.85 ± 0.28 ml on Day 10. In the tPA-treated group, the volume of hematoma was reduced from 1.51 ± 0.28 ml on Day 0 to 0.52 ± 0.39 ml on Day 10. In comparison with the untreated group, the reduction in hematoma volume was significantly accelerated (p = 0.02). In the untreated group, perihematomal edema increased from 0.32 ± 0.61 ml to 1.73 ± 0.73 ml on Day 4, before dropping to 1.17 ± 0.92 ml on Day 10. In the tPA-treated group, the volume of the edema increased from 0.09 ± 0.21 ml on Day 0 to 1.93 ± 0.79 ml on Day 4, and further to 3.34 ± 3.21 ml on Day 10. The increase in edema volume was significantly more pronounced in the tPA-treated group (p = 0.04). Conclusions. Despite a significantly accelerated reduction in hematoma volume, the development of delayed perifocal edema was intensified by fibrinolytic therapy, which is probably related to the function of tPA as a mediator of edema formation after thrombin release and ischemia. Further experimental and clinical investigations are required to establish the future role of fibrinolysis in the management of SICH.

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Later Life Cognition: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Greenfield ◽  
Sara M. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status

Objectives:This study examined childhood socioeconomic status (SES) as a predictor of later life cognition and the extent to which midlife SES accounts for associations. Methods: Data came from 5,074 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Measures from adolescence included parents’ educational attainment, father’s occupational status, and household income. Memory and language/executive function were assessed at ages 65 and 72 years. Results: Global childhood SES was a stronger predictor of baseline levels of language/executive function than baseline memory. Associations involving parents’ education were reduced in size and by statistical significance when accounting for participants’ midlife SES, whereas associations involving parental income and occupational status became statistically nonsignificant. We found no associations between childhood SES and change in cognition. Discussion: Findings contribute to growing evidence that socioeconomic differences in childhood have potential consequences for later life cognition, particularly in terms of the disparate levels of cognition with which people enter later life.

scholarly journals Direct-acting antivirals improve survival and recurrence rates after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Ochi ◽  
Atsushi Hiraoka ◽  
Masashi Hirooka ◽  
Yohei Koizumi ◽  
Michiko Amano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Milan Criteria ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Pugh Class ◽  
Direct Acting

Abstract Background The effects of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on survival and recurrence rates after curative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remain controversial. Methods This retrospective, multicenter study involved Child–Pugh class A patients within the Milan criteria who had a first diagnosis of HCC and survived 6 months or longer after undergoing hepatectomy or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The DAA-treated group (DAA group) included 56 patients, and the DAA-untreated group (untreated group) included 261 patients. The study was conducted using the propensity score-matched (1:2) DAA group and untreated group, 56 and 112 patients, respectively. Results The survival rate at 48 months in the DAA group and the untreated group was 91.0% and 68.7%, respectively, showing significantly better survival in the DAA group (HR: 0.33; 95% CI 0.13–0.84; p = 0.021). The recurrence rate at 48 months was 36.7% and 66.7%, respectively, showing a significantly lower recurrence rate in the DAA group (HR, 0.46; 95% CI 0.27–0.77; p = 0.003). The median albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score at 3 years post-HCC treatment was − 2.84 in the DAA group and − 2.34 in the untreated group. The ALBI score showed a significant improvement from baseline to 3 years post-HCC treatment (p = 0.001), whereas that in the untreated group showed a significant decline (p = 0.040). Conclusions DAAs after HCC treatment prevents deterioration of hepatic functional reserve and significantly improves both recurrence and survival rates.

scholarly journals 4138 Development of an Antibiofilm Resorbable Membrane for Treating Peri-implantitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Zhou Ye ◽  
Joseph R. Rahimi ◽  
Nicholas G. Fischer ◽  
Hooi Pin Chew ◽  
Conrado Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Type I ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Water Contact

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Peri-implantitis is the inflammation of peri-implant mucosa and subsequent loss of supporting bone. Its treatment is only <40% successful mainly due to persistent bacterial infection. The goal of this project is to increase success rates by developing a robust antibiofilm multi-biomolecular membrane that can be placed around implant surfaces. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A collagen membrane was soaked in the antimicrobial peptide GL13K solution overnight to form an interpenetrating fibrillary network. The nanostructure of the membrane was imaged with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The hydrophobicity of the membrane was analyzed by water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The biodegradability was tested in a 0.01 mg/mL Type I collagenase solution for up to 5 weeks. The antimicrobial activity of the membrane was assessed with Gram-positive oral bacteria Streptococcus gordonii. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by culturing human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), and the osteogenesis was assessed using preosteoblasts MC3T3. Pure collagen membrane was used as the control. Statistical significance (p<0.05) was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD test. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The antimicrobial peptide GL13K self-assembled to short fibrils (< 1 µm long), which entangled with the larger collagen fibers (around 200 nm in diameter). The collagen fibers presented characteristic periodic banding structures, which provided biomimetic cues for cell behavior as extracellular matrix. The interpenetrated GL13K fibrils turned the highly hydrophilic collagen membrane to a hydrophobic membrane (WCA = 135 °) and significantly reduced the rate of degradation by collagenases. The developed membrane was efficient in preventing the attachment of S. gordonii. A large portion of the attached bacteria was killed on the surface of the membrane. The incorporation of GL13K did not affect the cytocompatibility of the membrane for HGF. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We developed an antibiofilm membrane with interpenetrating collagen and antimicrobial peptide fibrils. The strong antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity support its further translational evaluation as scaffolds for increasing success rate in treating peri-implantitis.

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