Functional Radiographs of the Craniocervical Region and the Cervical Spine. A New Computer-Aided Technique

Cephalalgia ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Th Mayer ◽  
G Herrmann ◽  
V Pfaffenrath ◽  
W Pöllmann ◽  
Th Auberger
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Automatic Measuring ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Exact Measurement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adjacent Vertebra

Disabilities of the articulations of the head and cervical spine can often be detected only by exact measurement of functional radiographs. From two radiographs, one in flexion and one in extension, not only can the total mobility of the head be measured, but also the mobility of the individual articulations can be evaluated by taking exact measurements of the position of each vertebra. A method for semi-automatic measuring of such pairs of radiographs is presented. Edges and structures of the bones that are clearly visible in both radiographs are digitized on a graphics tablet. Then, by computer program, each vertebra of the first radiograph is shifted and rotated until it fits best to the respective vertebra of the second radiograph. Thus, for each articulation, the mobility angle and the location of the mobility axis relative to the adjacent vertebra, can be computed. First experiences with this method are presented.

scholarly journals Characterisation of the Filler Fraction in CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1986
Author(s):  
Andreas Koenig ◽  
Julius Schmidtke ◽  
Leonie Schmohl ◽  
Sibylle Schneider-Feyrer ◽  
Martin Rosentritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Filler Fraction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aided Design

The performance of dental resin-based composites (RBCs) heavily depends on the characteristic properties of the individual filler fraction. As specific information regarding the properties of the filler fraction is often missing, the current study aims to characterize the filler fractions of several contemporary computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) RBCs from a material science point of view. The filler fractions of seven commercially available CAD/CAM RBCs featuring different translucency variants were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Micro-X-ray Computed Tomography (µXCT), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). All CAD/CAM RBCs investigated included midifill hybrid type filler fractions, and the size of the individual particles was clearly larger than the individual specifications of the manufacturer. The fillers in Shofu Block HC featured a sphericity of ≈0.8, while it was <0.7 in all other RBCs. All RBCs featured only X-ray amorphous phases. However, in Lava Ultimate, zircon crystals with low crystallinity were detected. In some CAD/CAM RBCs, inhomogeneities (X-ray opaque fillers or pores) with a size <80 µm were identified, but the effects were minor in relation to the total volume (<0.01 vol.%). The characteristic parameters of the filler fraction in RBCs are essential for the interpretation of the individual material’s mechanical and optical properties.

Surface Roughness of Two CAD/CAM Restorative Materials as Affected by Chewing Simulation v1

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
eaeldwakhly not provided
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chewing Simulation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Individual

This study was conducted to assess the surface characteristics in terms of roughness of two CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing)restorative material spre and post chewing simulation exposure. Methods: Specimens were prepared from two CAD/CAM ceramic materials: Cerec Blocs C and IPS e-max ZirCAD. A total of 10 disks were prepared for each study group. 3D optical noncontact surface profiler was used to test the surface roughness (ContourGT, Bruker, Campbell, CA, USA). A silicone mold was used to fix the individual samples using a self-curing resin. Surface roughness (SR) was examined pre and post exposure to chewing simulation. 480,000 simulated chewing cycles were conducted to mimic roughly two years of intraoral clinical service. The results data was first tested for normality and equal variance (Levene’s test >0.05) then examined with paired and independent sample t-test at a significance level of (p < 0.05). Results:The two CAD-CAM materials tested exhibited increased surface roughness from baseline. The highest mean surface roughness was observed in Cerec blocs C group after chewing simulation (2.34 µm± 0.62 µm). Whereas the lowest surface roughness was observed in IPS e.max ZirCAD group before chewing simulation (0.42 µm± 0.16 µm). Both study groups exhibited significantly different surface roughness values (p< 0.05). There was a statistically higher surface roughness values after the chewing simulation in Cerec blocs C when compared to IPS e.max ZirCAD groups (p = 0.000).Conclusion:Even though both tested CAD/CAM materials differ in recorded surface roughness values, results were within clinically accepted values.

Computer aided simulation of cold roll forming — a computer program for simple section profiles

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Duggal ◽  
Mustafa A. Ahmetoglu ◽  
Gary L. Kinzel ◽  
Taylan Altan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Roll Forming ◽  
Cold Roll Forming ◽  
Cold Roll ◽  
Computer Aided

scholarly journals Death following accidental compression of neck by safety harness: A case of fall from height

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-261
Author(s):  
Bedanta Sarma ◽  
Shreemanta Kumar Dash ◽  
Pankaj Suresh Ghormade
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Fall From Height ◽  
The Individual

Work related fall from height many a times causes fatal injuries and death amongst working in various construction sites. It leads to different types of fatal bodily injuries including spinal injuries causing economic burden to the family. Although, they have been provided with protective gears and proper training for its use; it has been observed that workers are not using these in a proper ways. They eventually met with accidents which can easily be prevented. Accidental compression of neck by safety harness following fall from height has rarely been described leading to death of the individual. A case was brought for autopsy following accidental compression of neck structure causing fracture of cervical spine and transaction of spinal cord. In this paper, the case has been described with its autopsy findings.

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF TREE QUALITIES

1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
P. L. Northcott
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Linear Combination ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
The Individual

The need to compare individuals is discussed briefly. It is suggested that the composite quality of an individual is best defined as the weighted sum of a number of measurable characteristics of the individual. A statistical procedure for comparison of weighted average quality is derived from application of the principle of the linear combination of variables. A digital computer program is available.

Computer‐aided selective production of low-resistance NiP and NiCuP layers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kowalik ◽  
Edyta Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽  
Ceramic Substrates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Chemical Metallization

Purpose This paper aims to present the possibility of computer-aided technology of chemical metallization for the production of electrodes and resistors based on Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P layers. Design/methodology/approach Based on the calculated parameters of the process, test structures were made on an alumina substrate using the selective metallization method. Dependences of the surface resistance on the metallization time were made. These dependencies take into account the comparison of the calculations with the performed experiment. Findings The author created a convenient and easy-to-use tool for calculating basic Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P layer parameters, namely, surface resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of test resistor, based on chemical metallization parameters. The values are calculated for a given level of surface resistance of Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P layer and defined required range of changes of TCR of test resistor. The calculations are possible for surface resistance values in the range of 0.4 Ohm/square ÷ 2.5 Ohm/square. As a result of the experiment, surface resistances were obtained that practically coincide with the calculations made with the use of the program created by the authors. The quality of the structures made is very good. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper presents a new, unpublished method of manufacturing electrodes (resistors) on silicon, Al2O3 and low temperature co-fired ceramic substrates based on the authors developed computer program.

From Rhythm to Sound and Music

2010 ◽  
pp. 459-485
Author(s):  
Eleonora Bilotta ◽  
Pietro Pantano
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Iannis Xenakis ◽  
Explicit Definition ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Musical Creativity

In early 1950s, Iannis Xenakis became the first composer to use stochastic processes to generate pieces of music, working by hand. The first entirely computer-generated composition was Illiac.Suite.for.String.Quartett, realized by Lejaren Hiller in 1956 (Hiller, 1970, 1981). In Hiller’s approach, all kinds of musical processes were coded and implemented by computer. In the ‘80s, David Cope created a computer-aided system allowing anyone to create new compositions in the styles of past composers. The system worked even for users with no skills in programming or composition. Cope thought that computers could be a good tool for studying musical style, encoding it into programs to increase musical creativity. So he began to study the essential elements that define musical style, creating an explicit definition he could encode in a computer program.

Validation of Reverse-Engineered and Additive-Manufactured Microsurgical Instrument Prototype

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Singh ◽  
Ashish Suri ◽  
Sneh Anand ◽  
Britty Baby
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Nerve Anastomosis ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
The Individual

With advancements in imaging techniques, neurosurgical procedures are becoming highly precise and minimally invasive, thus demanding development of new ergonomically aesthetic instruments. Conventionally, neurosurgical instruments are manufactured using subtractive manufacturing methods. Such a process is complex, time-consuming, and impractical for prototype development and validation of new designs. Therefore, an alternative design process has been used utilizing blue light scanning, computer-aided designing, and additive manufacturing direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) for microsurgical instrument prototype development. Deviations of DMLS-fabricated instrument were studied by superimposing scan data of fabricated instrument with the computer-aided designing model. Content and concurrent validity of the fabricated prototypes was done by a group of 15 neurosurgeons by performing sciatic nerve anastomosis in small laboratory animals. Comparative scoring was obtained for the control and study instrument. T test was applied to the individual parameters and P values for force ( P < .0001) and surface roughness ( P < .01) were found to be statistically significant. These 2 parameters were further analyzed using objective measures. Results depicts that additive manufacturing by DMLS provides an effective method for prototype development. However, direct application of these additive-manufactured instruments in the operating room requires further validation.

A computer-aided method for calculating the distributions of strain-rate and strain from an experimental flow field

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E Farmer ◽  
P L B Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Punch Velocity ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Intersection Points

A method of calculating strain-rates and strains from an experimental flow field is developed using simple geometry with polynomials used to represent small segments of the experimental streamlines and the corresponding distance/time along streamline curves. The method is applied to an experimental flow field for plane strain extrusion obtained using printed grids (0.002 inch square), the input to the computer program being the co-ordinates of the grid intersection points and the punch velocity.

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