Ruminal methanogenesis as influenced by individual fatty acids supplemented to complete ruminant diets

The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are the most abundant fatty acids in the brain and are vital for its correct development and for that of the nervous system (Huang and Craig-Schmidt, 1996). Ruminant diets are low in DHA and its precursor alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, dietary PUFAs are substantially hydrogenated in the rumen. Consequently, it may be argued that the diets of pregnant and lactating ewes may be deficient in DHA and that a response to supplementation may be observed. Studies involving the supplementation of pregnant ewes with supraoptimal levels of vitamin E have shown that lambs born to supplemented dams are more vigorous immediately after birth and have higher liveweight gains (Merrell, 1998). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary long-chain PUFA in combination with vitamin E supplementation of ewes on ewe and lamb performance.

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Influence of CLA addition in non-ruminant diets on lipid index values

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 854 (1) ◽

pp. 012071

Author(s):

Dejan Peric ◽

Ivana Brankovic Lazic ◽

Srdjan Pantic ◽

Milan Z. Baltic ◽

Jelena Janjic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Ruminant Meat

Abstract In monogastric animals, tissue fatty acid profile directly reflects the fatty acid profile present in the animal’s diet. Inadequate ratio of fatty acids in food can lead to negative effects on human health. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of isomers of linoleic acid (C18:2), and its most interesting role is in the prevention of tumors, atherosclerosis and diabetes. CLA is found in ruminant meat and milk, and since pigs and poultry do not have the ability to synthesize CLA, it is possible to add them to animal feed with biotechnological solutions. The scientific public imposes modern parameters for determining the nutritional value of fatty acids, in which the AI – index of atherogenicity, TI – index of thrombogenicity and H/H - hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio are distinguished. The aim of this study was to determine the effect CLA addition to the diet of non-ruminants on the lipid indices of certain categories of meat, from the aspect of consumer health needs. A significant influence of the correction of feed’s fatty acid composition on the lipid indices in food of animal origin was determined.

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Metabolisable Energy Content of a Saponified Palm Fat Product for Ruminants

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600016652 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1988 ◽

pp. 22-22

Author(s):

D I Givens ◽

Jeannie M Everington ◽

N Shepperson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Energy Content ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Calcium Soap ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Soya Oil ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

Rumen Microflora

Many experiments have shown (see Armstrong and Ross, 1968) that the addition of fats to ruminant diets can lead to a reduction in the digestibility of forage cell walls due to adverse affects on the rumen microflora. Jenkins and Palmquist (1982) showed in vitro that the formation of insoluble calcium soaps in rumen fluid could prevent this problem. Additionally, Jenkins and Palmquist (1984) reported that the feeding of the preformed calcium soaps of tallow and soya oil fatty acids to dairy cows allowed normal rumen digestion of fibre whereas non-saponified tallow fatty acids caused a reduction in fibre digestion.The main aims of the present experiment were to examine a new calcium soap of palm fatty acids for its effects on whole tract digestibility of various feed fractions and to measure its effective metabolisable energy (ME) content at maintenance, the present United Kingdom standard.

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Fatty acids in rumen and meat of lambs fed with different condensed and hydrolysable tannin extracts

10.21203/rs.3.rs-119707/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bernardo Valenti ◽

Luca Campidonico ◽

Antonio Natalello ◽

Massimiliano Lanza ◽

Saheed Salami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Affected Animal ◽

Hydrolysable Tannin ◽

Dietary Pufa ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

General Action

Abstract Five groups of lambs (n = 9 each) were used to test the effect of plant extracts rich in hydrolysable (HT) or condensed tannin (CT) on animal performance, fatty acid composition of rumen content and meat. The control group (CO) received a concentrate-based diet without tannins supplementation. The other groups received the same diet as the control lambs plus 4% chestnut (CH) and tara (TA) extracts as a source of HT and mimosa (MI) and gambier (GA) extracts as a source of CT. Dietary CH negatively affected animal performance. The rumen content of the different groups showed comparable levels of 18:3 c9c12c15, 18:2 c9c12, 18:2 c9t11, 18:1 t11 and 18:0, whereas 18:1 t10 was greater in CO. Also, 18:1 t10 tended to be lower in the rumen of HT than CT-fed lambs. These data were partially confirmed in meat, where CO showed a greater percentage of individual trans 18:1 fatty acids in comparison with tannins-fed groups. Our findings challenge some accepted generalizations on the use of tannins in ruminant diets as they were ineffective to favour the accumulation of dietary PUFA or healthy fatty acids of biohydrogenation origin in the rumen content and lamb meat, but suggest a general action of tannins on the whole biohydrogenation process.

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Effect of lipid supplementation on digestion of nutrients in steers

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200598743 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 222-222

Author(s):

N.J. Choi ◽

M. Enser ◽

J.D. Wood ◽

N.D. Scollan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Fa Composition ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Lipid Supplementation ◽

The Impact ◽

Carbohydrate Digestion

Lipids are commonly used in ruminant diets to increase the energy density of the ration and increasingly to manipulate the fatty acid (FA) composition of the final product (meat or milk). However, lipids may have negative effects on rumen function and in particular on the extent of carbohydrate digestion, which is accompanied by alterations in volatile fatty acid proportions, towards less acetate and more propionate. These alternations are more pronounced for lipids high in polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly linolenic acid (18:3n-3; found in linseed). However, there is some evidence to suggest that the opposite is true for longer chain C20 FAs, found in fish oil (Doreau and Chilliard, 1996). This experiment has examined the impact of lipid sources differing in their FA composition (saturated compared polyunsaturated FA) on digestion of nutrients in the rumen and small intestine.

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Ruminal methanogenesis as influenced by individual fatty acids supplemented to complete ruminant diets

Letters in Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1472-765x.2001.00863.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. Dohme ◽

A. Machmüller ◽

A. Wasserfallen ◽

M. Kreuzer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Ruminant Diets

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Effect of lipid supplementation on digestion of nutrients in steers

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600034358 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 222-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N.J. Choi ◽

M. Enser ◽

J.D. Wood ◽

N.D. Scollan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Fa Composition ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Lipid Supplementation ◽

The Impact ◽

Carbohydrate Digestion

Lipids are commonly used in ruminant diets to increase the energy density of the ration and increasingly to manipulate the fatty acid (FA) composition of the final product (meat or milk). However, lipids may have negative effects on rumen function and in particular on the extent of carbohydrate digestion, which is accompanied by alterations in volatile fatty acid proportions, towards less acetate and more propionate. These alternations are more pronounced for lipids high in polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly linolenic acid (18:3n-3; found in linseed). However, there is some evidence to suggest that the opposite is true for longer chain C20 FAs, found in fish oil (Doreau and Chilliard, 1996). This experiment has examined the impact of lipid sources differing in their FA composition (saturated compared polyunsaturated FA) on digestion of nutrients in the rumen and small intestine.

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The rumen solubility of a calcium soap of palm fatty acids

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600011417 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1989 ◽

pp. 151-151

Author(s):

D I Givens ◽

Jeannie M Everington ◽

N Shepperson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Calcium Soap ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Soya Oil ◽

In Situ Formation

Several experiments have shown (see Armstrong and Ross, 1968) that the addition of fats to ruminant diets can lead to a reduction in the digestibilities of forage cell walls due to adverse effects on the rumen microflora. Jenkins and Palmquist (1982) showed in vitro that the in situ formation of calcium soaps in the rumen could prevent this problem. Subsequently Jenkins and Palmquist (1984) have provided evidence that the feeding of preformed calcium soaps of tallow and soya oil fatty acids to dairy cows allowed normal rumen digestion of cell walls whereas non-saponified tallow fatty acids caused cell wall digestibility to be reduced.Givens et al (1988) reported that a calcium soap of palm fatty acids (Protector, UFAC-UK Ltd) did not cause any reduction in the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) when fed to sheep at up to 152.4 gkg-1 of total diet dry matter (DM). Since it is believed that these beneficial effects of calcium soaps are due to their reduced rumen solubility, the present experiment has examined this aspect in further detail.

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Fatty acid metabolism in lambs supplemented with different condensed and hydrolysable tannin extracts

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258265

Author(s):

Bernardo Valenti ◽

Luca Campidonico ◽

Antonio Natalello ◽

Massimiliano Lanza ◽

Saheed A. Salami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Dietary Pufa ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

One Way Anova

Five groups of lambs (n = 9 each) were used to test the effect of plant extracts rich in hydrolysable (HT) or condensed tannin (CT) on animal performance, fatty acid composition of rumen content, liver and meat. The control group (CO) received a concentrate-based diet without tannins supplementation. The other groups received the same diet as the control lambs plus 4% chestnut (CH) and tara (TA) extracts as a source of HT and mimosa (MI) and gambier (GA) extracts as a source of CT. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the overall effect of dietary treatments, tannins supplementation (CO vs. CH+TA+MI+GA) and the effect of tannin type (HT vs. CT: CH+TA vs. MI+GA) on animal performance, rumen content, liver and intramuscular FA. Dietary CH negatively affected animal performance. The rumen content of the different groups showed similar levels of 18:3 c9c12c15, 18:2 c9c12, 18:2 c9t11, 18:1 t11 and 18:0, whereas 18:1 t10 was greater in CO. Also, 18:1 t10 tended to be lower in the rumen of HT than CT-fed lambs. These data were partially confirmed in liver and meat, where CO showed a greater percentage of individual trans 18:1 fatty acids in comparison with tannins-fed groups. Our findings challenge some accepted generalizations on the use of tannins in ruminant diets as they were ineffective to favour the accumulation of dietary PUFA or healthy fatty acids of biohydrogenation origin in the rumen content and lamb meat, but suggest a generalized influence on BH rather than on specific steps.

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Role of Long Chain Fatty Acids in Developmental Programming in Ruminants

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 762

Author(s):

José Alejandro Roque-Jiménez ◽

Milca Rosa-Velázquez ◽

Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez ◽

Jorge Genaro Vicente-Martínez ◽

Guillermo Mendoza-Cervantes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Critical Role ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Broad Perspective ◽

Domestic Species ◽

Health Indices ◽

Developmental Program ◽

Metabolic Functions ◽

Ruminant Diets

Nutrition plays a critical role in developmental programs. These effects can be during gametogenesis, gestation, or early life. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for normal physiological functioning and for the health of humans and all domestic species. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of n-3 PUFA in ruminant diets during gestation and its effects on pre-and postnatal offspring growth and health indices. In addition, different types of fatty acids have different metabolic functions, which affects the developmental program differently depending on when they are supplemented. This review provides a broad perspective of the effect of fatty acid supplementation on the developmental program in ruminants, highlighting the areas of a developmental program that are better known and the areas that more research may be needed.

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