scholarly journals A method of immediate detection of objects with a near-zero apparent motion in series of CCD-frames

2018 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. A54 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Savanevych ◽  
S. V. Khlamov ◽  
I. B. Vavilova ◽  
A. B. Briukhovetskyi ◽  
A. V. Pohorelov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Detection Of Objects ◽  
True Detection ◽  
In Series ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Criterion ◽  
The Moment

The paper deals with a computational method for detection of the solar system minor bodies (SSOs), whose inter-frame shifts in series of CCD-frames during the observation are commensurate with the errors in measuring their positions. These objects have velocities of apparent motion between CCD-frames not exceeding three rms errors (3σ) of measurements of their positions. About 15% of objects have a near-zero apparent motion in CCD-frames, including the objects beyond the Jupiter’s orbit as well as the asteroids heading straight to the Earth. The proposed method for detection of the object’s near-zero apparent motion in series of CCD-frames is based on the Fisher f-criterion instead of using the traditional decision rules that are based on the maximum likelihood criterion. We analyzed the quality indicators of detection of the object’s near-zero apparent motion applying statistical and in situ modeling techniques in terms of the conditional probability of the true detection of objects with a near-zero apparent motion. The efficiency of method being implemented as a plugin for the Collection Light Technology (CoLiTec) software for automated asteroids and comets detection has been demonstrated. Among the objects discovered with this plugin, there was the sungrazing comet C/2012 S1 (ISON). Within 26 min of the observation, the comet’s image has been moved by three pixels in a series of four CCD-frames (the velocity of its apparent motion at the moment of discovery was equal to 0.8 pixels per CCD-frame; the image size on the frame was about five pixels). Next verification in observations of asteroids with a near-zero apparent motion conducted with small telescopes has confirmed an efficiency of the method even in bad conditions (strong backlight from the full Moon). So, we recommend applying the proposed method for series of observations with four or more frames.

scholarly journals Chromatin fibers observed in situ in frozen hydrated sections. Native fiber diameter is not correlated with nucleosome repeat length.

1994 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Repeat Length ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Chromosome Architecture ◽  
Chromatin Fibers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes ◽  
Patiria Miniata

Chromatin fibers have been observed and measured in frozen hydrated sections of three types of cell (chicken erythrocytes and sperm of Patiria miniata and Thyone briareus) representing an approximately 20-bp range of nucleosomal repeat lengths. For sperm of the starfish P. miniata, it was possible to obtain images of chromatin fibers from cells that were swimming in seawater up to the moment of cryo-immobilization, thus providing a record of the native morphology of the chromatin of these cells. Glutaraldehyde fixation produced no significant changes in the ultrastructure or diameter of chromatin fibers, and fiber diameters observed in cryosections were similar to those recorded after low temperature embedding in Lowicryl K11M. Chromatin fiber diameters measured from cryosections of the three types of nuclei were similar, a striking contrast to the situation for chromatin isolated from these cell types, where a strong positive correlation between diameter and nucleosomal repeat length has been established. The demonstration of chromatin fibers in unfixed whole cells establishes an unequivocal baseline for the study of native chromatin and chromosome architecture. The significant differences between chromatin fibers in nucleo and after isolation supports a previous observation (P. J. Giannasca, R. A. Horowitz, and C. L. Woodcock. 1993. J. Cell Sci. 105:551-561), and suggests that structural studies on isolated material should be interpreted with caution until the changes that accompany chromatin isolation are understood.

scholarly journals A RCT for assessment of active human-centred learning finds teacher-centric non-human teaching of evolution optimal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Buchan ◽  
Momna Hejmadi ◽  
Liam Abrahams ◽  
Laurence D. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Effective Pedagogy ◽  
Primary School Curriculum ◽  
In Series ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
The Uk

AbstractCurrent educational discourse holds that effective pedagogy requires engagement through active student participation with subject matter relating to them. The lack of testing of lessons in series is recognized as a potential weakness in the evidence base, not least because standard parallel designs cannot capture serial interaction effects (cf. drug interactions). However, logistic issues make large-scale replicated in situ assessment of serial designs challenging. The recent introduction of evolution into the UK primary school curriculum presents a rare opportunity to overcome this. We implemented a randomised control 2 × 2 design with four inexpensive schemes of work, comparable to drug interaction trials. This involved an initial test phase (N = 1152) with replication (N = 1505), delivered by teachers, after training, in their classrooms with quantitative before-after-retention testing. Utilising the “genetics-first” approach, the schemes comprised four lessons taught in the same order. Lessons 1 (variation) and 3 (deep-time) were invariant. Lesson 2 (selection) was either student-centred or teacher-centred, with subject organism constant, while lesson 4 (homology) was either human-centred or not, with learning mode constant. All four schemes were effective in replicate, even for lower ability students. Unexpectedly, the teacher-focused/non-human centred scheme was the most successful in both test and replicate, in part owing to a replicable interaction effect but also because it enabled engagement. These results highlight the importance of testing lessons in sequence and indicate that there are many routes to effective engagement with no “one-size fits all” solution in education.

In Situ Raman Scattering Studies of the Electrochemical Intercalation of Graphite in Sulfuric Acid

1982 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Olk ◽  
V. Yeh ◽  
F.J. Holler ◽  
P.C. Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
In Situ Raman ◽  
Lower Stage ◽  
Electrochemical Intercalation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sudden Transition

ABSTRACTIn situ Raman scattering studies of the high-frequency carbon intralayer modes in graphite-H2SO4 have been carried out during the electrochemical intercalation of graphite in sulfuric acid. The data show that within an optical depth of ∼ 200 Å the entire c-face undergoes a sudden transition to the next lower stage (n−1) at the moment when the bulk has just completed forming stage n. Raman data collected in the “overcharge” and “overoxidation” regimes of the electrochemical synthesis indicate rapid shifting of the peaks during these times, indicating a significant increase in the oxidation of the carbon layers.

scholarly journals Implementation of Non-Destructive Evaluation and Process Monitoring in DLP-based Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iaroslav Kovalenko ◽  
Sylvain Verron ◽  
Maryna Garan ◽  
Jiří Šafka ◽  
Michal Moučka
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Non Destructive Evaluation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractThis article describes a method of in-situ process monitoring in the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer. It is based on the continuous measurement of the adhesion force between printing surface and bottom of a liquid resin bath. This method is suitable only for the bottom-up DPL printers. Control system compares the force at the moment of unsticking of printed layer from the bottom of the tank, when it has the largest value in printing cycle, with theoretical value. Implementation of suggested algorithm can make detection of faults during the printing process possible.

Independent a priori information for reduced intercomparison errors between TROPOMI and TCCON retrievals of methane and carbon monoxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Lutzmann ◽  
Ralf Sussmann ◽  
Huilin Chen ◽  
Frank Hase ◽  
Rigel Kivi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Stratospheric Intrusions

<p>Ground-based column measurements of trace gases by FTIR spectrometers within the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) provide accurate ground reference for the validation of the nadir-viewing hyperspectral Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on-board the ESA satellite Sentinel 5 Precursor (S-5P). In such intercomparisons of two independent remote soundings, errors can occur as the a priori profiles used in the respective retrievals are i) differing from each other, and ii) both different from the true atmospheric state at the moment of observation. In certain conditions of atmospheric dynamics, e.g. polar vortex subsidence or stratospheric intrusions, which strongly alter the shape of vertical concentration profiles, these intercomparison errors can become considerable (Ostler et al., 2014).</p><p>In our work funded by the German Space Agency DLR and performed as part of the ESA AO project TCCON4S5P, we search for potential sources of realistic common a priori profiles for S-5P and TCCON CH<sub>4</sub> and CO measurements which reduce these large errors. We examine the performance of a number of chemical transport models and data assimilation systems in reproducing dynamical effects and in minimizing intercomparison errors. In-situ profiles measured by AirCores are used as validation where they are available. We present the status and results of our ongoing work.</p><p>Reference:</p><p>Ostler, A., Sussmann, R., Rettinger, M., Deutscher, N. M., Dohe, S., Hase, F., Jones, N., Palm, M., and Sinnhuber, B.-M.: Multistation intercomparison of column-averaged methane from NDACC and TCCON: impact of dynamical variability, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4081–4101, doi:10.5194/amt-7-4081-2014, 2014. Ostler, A., Sussmann, R., Rettinger, M., Deutscher, N. M., Dohe, S., Hase, F., Jones, N., Palm, M., and Sinnhuber, B.-M.: Multistation intercomparison of column-averaged methane from NDACC and TCCON: impact of dynamical variability, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4081–4101, doi:10.5194/amt-7-4081-2014, 2014.</p>

scholarly journals Natural Communities of Novel Archaea and Bacteria with a String-of-Pearls-Like Morphology: Molecular Analysis of the Bacterial Partners

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Moissl ◽  
Christian Rudolph ◽  
Robert Huber
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
In Series ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation ◽  
String Of Pearls ◽  
Natural Communities

ABSTRACT A recently discovered bacterial/archaeal association, growing in a string-of-pearls-like structure, thrives in the cold (∼10�C) sulfidic marsh water of the Sippenauer Moor near Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. It forms characteristic, macroscopically visible globules, the pearls, containing microcolonies of novel euryarchaeota, which are surrounded by mainly filamentous bacteria (C. Rudolph, G. Wanner, and R. Huber, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:2336-2344, 2001). Single pearls in series are connected by white threads. Here we report the first detailed molecular investigations of the taxonomic affiliation of the bacteria contributing to the strings of pearls. Phylogenetic analysis showed the dominance of a single phylotype (clone sipK4) within single pearls most closely related to Thiothrix unzii. The presence of Thiothrix sipK4 as a major constituent of single pearls and of the pearl-connecting white threads was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

scholarly journals Experience Sampling as a Method for Studying In Situ Organizational Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ben Lauren
Keyword(s):  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Employee Experience ◽  
Insight Into

The communication flows in organizations seem to be in constant state of flux, and this is particularly true when thinking about how the various strategies and mediated practices people use to interact with peers. As organizations work to establish healthy communication workflows, they need insight into how communication around projects exists in situ (i.e., as it happens in the moment) to better understand and support the employee experience so work can get done. The employee experience with communication across different events, settings, and ideologies plays an important role in meeting the intended outcomes of project work, and learning about the in situ communication practices of teams and individual employees remains an important consideration for organizational researchers. This article describes a method for studying in situ communication in the workplace called experience sampling. The goal for this article is to explain how experience sampling can be used to study communicative events in the workplace by drawing from two datasets of original research. From the use of experience sampling depicted in these case studies, the article indicates lessons learned about using experience sampling to study worker’s in situ communication in the workplace.

scholarly journals Use of the Viscofrit to determine the moment of discarding the thermoxidized beef tallow

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
N. Segura ◽  
L. De Oliveira ◽  
A. Y. Pinchak ◽  
M. A. Grompone
Keyword(s):  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
Measurement Temperature ◽  
Large Dispersion ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Emptying Time

Due to the difficulty in determining polar compounds (PC) using the IUPAC method 2.507, simple and low cost devices for in situ determinations, such as Viscofrit, are commercialized for fried food processing establishments. This device is calibrated for oils but not for fats, such as beef tallow, since materials with a high melting point are rarely used worldwide. A large dispersion was observed in the measurements made with Viscofrit at 48 °C on thermoxidized beef tallow. The maximum emptying time was reached at about 6 hours of thermoxidation, at which point the fat still does not reach the maximum PC level allowed. In this test, a great dispersion in the data and a high percentage of “false values” were observed, which may be due to the presence of fatty solids at the measurement temperature, which affect the emptying time. In order to use Viscofrit for fats, such as beef tallow, it is suggested to perform a calibration at a temperature outside the range established by the manufacturer which ensures the absence of fatty solids, in this case 60 °C. Under these conditions, a maximum emptying time of 37 seconds was obtained.

scholarly journals In situ identification strategy of thermoacoustic stability in annular combustors

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Driek Rouwenhorst ◽  
Jakob Hermann ◽  
Wolfgang Polifke
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Symmetry ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Azimuthal Mode ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Output Only ◽  
The Individual

In annular combustion systems, thermoacoustic eigenmodes can manifest as standing waves, traveling waves or some form in between. Which dynamic solution appears in a combustor depends on details, regarding the flow field and (unintentional) breaking of the cylindrical symmetry of the annular combustion system. When these details are unknown, the specific behavior cannot be predicted from the characteristics of a single burner. Due to the (nearly) degenerate nature of the acoustic solution, annular eigenmodes come in pairs with practically the same eigenfrequency. In order to identify the thermoacoustic modes, conventional analysis of a spectral peak from a measurement does not suffice, because the peak is a superposition of the two eigenmodes. A method has been proposed to identify the two eigenmodes of given azimuthal mode order from multiple simultaneous measurements around the circumference of the combustion system. Using output-only identification on the acoustic signals, it is possible to estimate the individual mode shapes, frequencies and growth rates of the co-existing eigenmode pair. In this work, the strategy is applied to experimental data from an annular combustor. A split in the growth rate pair is observed during stable operation, depending on the equivalence ratio and flame-to-flame distance. It shows that in situ identification of annular thermoacoustics can reveal subtle dynamic effects, which is useful for testing and online monitoring of annular combustors. The moment when instability occurs can be foreseen under prevailing conditions, with simultaneous identification of the azimuthal mode structure.

scholarly journals USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR DOCUMENTATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN NORTHEASTERN MESOPOTAMIA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matoušková ◽  
L. Starková ◽  
K. Pavelka ◽  
K. Nováček ◽  
J. Šedina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
The Moment

This paper introduces two archaeological sites documented during the MULINEM (The Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia) project. This project investigates the Late Sasanian and Islamic urban network in the land of Erbil, a historic province of Hidyab (Adiabene) that is located in northern Iraq. The investigated sites are the two deserted cities of Makhmúr al-Quadíma and Al-Hadítha. It is assumed that these two sites used to form large cities with high business and cultural importance in the medieval period. The archaeological locations are endangered by various threats.The Al-Hadítha site seems to be under the control of the „Islamic state“ at the moment and Makhmúr al-Quadíma is located just next to the town of new Makhmúr that expands rapidly and without complex urban plans. Documentation of the archaeological sites has been done by using remotely sensed methods together with in-situ measurements (where available). FORMOSAT-2 data that has been gained through a research announcement: Free FORMOSAT-2 satellite imagery and when combined with other sources (recent and historical data) it provides a powerful documentation tool. In-situ RPAS measurements and a DTM creation furnish a new source of highly valuable information. Influence of the political and security situation in Al-Hadítha will be analysed.

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