Grape berry bacterial inhibition by different copper fungicides

In recent years, more and more reports have shown that the miR156-SPL module can participate in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in plants. However, little is known about how this module responds to hormonal signals manipulating this process in grapes. In this study, exogenous GA, ABA, MeJA, and NAA were used to treat the ‘Wink’ grape berries before color conversion, anthocyanin and other related quality physiological indexes (such as sugar, aroma) were determined, and spatio-temporal expression patterns of related genes were analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d showed a gradually rising trend with the ripening and color formation of grape berries, and the highest expression levels were detected at day 28 after treatment, while the expression level of VvSPL9 exhibited an opposite trend as a whole, which further verifies that VvmiR156b/c/d can negatively regulate VvSPL9. Besides, VvmiR156b/c/d was positively correlated with anthocyanin content and related genes levels, while the expression pattern of VvSPL9 showed a negative correlation. Analysis of promoter cis-elements and GUS staining showed that VvmiR156b/c/d contained a large number of hormone response cis-elements (ABA, GA, SA, MeJA, and NAA) and were involved in hormone regulation. Exogenous ABA and MeJA treatments significantly upregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes in the early stage of color conversion and made grape berries quickly colored. Interestingly, GA treatment downregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes in the early color-change period, but significantly upregulated in the middle color-change and ripening stages, therefore GA mainly modulated grape berry coloring in the middle- and late-ripening stages. Furthermore, NAA treatment downregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes and delayed the peak expression of genes. Meanwhile, to further recognize the potential functions of VvmiR156b/c/d, the mature tomato transient trangenetic system was utilized in this work. Results showed that transient overexpression of VvmiR156b/c/d in tomato promoted fruit coloring and overexpression of VvSPL9 inhibited fruit coloration. Finally, a regulatory network of the VvmiR156b/c/d-VvSPL9 module responsive to hormones modulating anthocyanin synthesis was developed. In conclusion, VvmiR156b/c/d-mediated VvSPL9 participated in the formation of grape color in response to multi-hormone signals.

Download Full-text

Comprehensive Study of Variety Oenological Potential Using Statistic Tools for the Efficient Use of Non-Renewable Resources

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4003

Author(s):

Sílvia Petronilho ◽

Alisa Rudnitskaya ◽

Manuel A. Coimbra ◽

Sílvia M. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Renewable Resources ◽

Antiradical Activity ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Harvest Year ◽

Grape Varieties ◽

Comprehensive Study

The evaluation of the variety suitability regarding each appellation’s specificities should be a strategy for maximizing the varieties’ oenological potential while contributing to the sustainable production of quality wines, keeping their typicity and rationalizing winemaking costs. Thus, the combination of several grape physicochemical attributes, modulated by climate and vineyard characteristics, providing knowledge for each grape variety’s oenological potential, is a relevant and reliable support for winemakers’ decisions. To prove this hypothesis, six mature grape varieties from three harvests, each one from three vineyard parcels with different topographical conditions from Bairrada Appellation (Portugal), were studied using analysis of variance–simultaneous components analysis (ASCA). The effects of harvest year and parcel on grape berry weight, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars, total phenolics, antiradical activity, and volatile composition in free and glycosidically-linked forms were analyzed. The compositional plasticity of autochthonous varieties (white Arinto and Bical and red Baga, Castelão, and Touriga Nacional) was observed. Sauvignon Blanc grape composition was significantly modulated by harvest. This study represents an important contribution for the maintenance of varieties’ biodiversity while contributing to establishing their peculiarities. Autochthonous varieties, if accurately exploited, can provide higher characteristic diversity than worldwide used varieties, an aspect to be more objectively taken into consideration by winemakers.

Download Full-text

Models Applied to Grapevine Pests: A Review

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12020169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Federico Lessio ◽

Alberto Alma

Keyword(s):

Lobesia Botrana ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽

Flavescence Dorée ◽

Or Groups ◽

Scaphoideus Titanus ◽

Different Types ◽

Computer Based ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

Definition Of

This paper reviews the existing predictive models concerning insects and mites harmful to grapevine. A brief conceptual description is given on the definition of a model and about different types of models: deterministic vs. stochastics, continuous vs. discrete, analytical vs. computer-based, and descriptive vs. data-driven. The main biological aspects of grapevine pests covered by different types of models are phenology, population growth and dynamics, species distribution, and invasion risk. A particular emphasis is put on forecasting epidemics of plant disease agents transmitted by insects with sucking-piercing mouthparts. The most investigated species or groups are the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and other vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a bacterium agent of Pierce’s disease; the European grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermuller); and the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the main vector of phytoplasmas agents of Flavescence dorée. Finally, the present and future of decision-support systems (DSS) in viticulture is discussed.

Download Full-text

Insights in genetic diversity of German and Italian grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella) populations using novel microsatellite markers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83855-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Annette Reineke ◽

Alberto Pozzebon ◽

Olivia Herczynski ◽

Carlo Duso

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Eupoecilia Ambiguella ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Significant Divergence ◽

Lepidopteran Pest

AbstractThe grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is causing significant damage to grape berries, however, little is known on population genetics of this lepidopteran pest insect, hindered so far by the lack of suitable molecular markers. Here we report on the development of ten microsatellite markers of which six were used to characterise 21 E. ambiguella populations obtained from two viticultural regions in Germany and Italy. Moths were sampled during two subsequent generations (flights) in the same vineyard as well as in vineyards surrounded by different landscape types. German and Italian populations were genetically differentiated and a significant isolation by distance was evident. No significant divergence was observed among the populations from first or second flight moths, however, inbreeding was higher in first than in second flight populations. Moreover, inbreeding was influenced by habitat composition and complexity of landscape around vineyards, being positively associated with the percentage of area covered by grapevine. Population genetics of E. ambiguella could thus be affected by the presence of alternative host plants in viticultural landscapes, which is important in the light of both insecticide resistance management and sustainable pest management.

Download Full-text

Effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on quality, berry set and coloration of ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ table grapes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000496 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zehra Babalık

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Colour Parameters ◽

Length Width ◽

Solids Content ◽

Berry Set

Abstract The effect of different concentrations of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG; 0 (control), 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/l), an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, on grape berry set and fruit quality was evaluated under vineyard conditions. Treatments were performed on ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ grape cultivar at full bloom stage for two years. Cluster and berry growth (length, width and weight), firmness, soluble solids content, yield, berry set, anthocyanin content and colour parameters were determined on treated and untreated (control) fruits. As a result of the study, the effects of AVG concentrations on firmness were not significant. When AVG applications were compared with control, it is determined that some quality properties were statistically affected, the others were not. Fruit set was increased by lower concentrations of AVG (250 mg/l) and anthocyanin content was increased by higher concentrations of AVG (750 mg/l).

Download Full-text

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of hydrogen peroxide sensors under H2O2 and ROS inhibitor treatment in ‘Kyoho’ grape berry

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 180 ◽

pp. 111617

Author(s):

Hai-Nan Liu ◽

Mao-Song Pei ◽

Tong-Lu Wei ◽

Yi-He Yu ◽

Da-Long Guo

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Molecular Cloning ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Cloning And Expression ◽

Inhibitor Treatment

Download Full-text

Synergistic Action of Stilbenes in Muscadine Grape Berry Extract Shows Better Cytotoxic Potential Against Cancer Cells Than Resveratrol Alone

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines7040096 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 96 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Subramani Paranthaman Balasubramani ◽

Mohammad Atikur Rahman ◽

Sheikh Mehboob Basha

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Similar Response ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Muscadine Grape ◽

Berry Extracts ◽

Cancer Activity

Muscadine grape is rich in stilbenes, which include resveratrol, piceid, viniferin, pterostilbene, etc. Resveratrol has been extensively studied for its biological activities; however, the synergistic effect of stilbene compounds in berry extracts is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of stilbene-rich muscadine berry extract and pure resveratrol. Stilbenes were extracted from ripened berries of muscadine grape cultivars, Pineapple, and Southern Home. HPLC analysis was performed to determine quantity of stilbenes. The extracts were tested for their cytotoxic activity against A549 (lung carcinoma cells), triple negative breast cancer (HCC-1806) and HepG2 (human liver cancer) cells. The stilbene-rich extracts of the muscadine berry extracts showed cytotoxic activity against all of the cells tested. The extracts at 1 μg/mL induced death in 50–80% of cells by 72 h of treatment. About 50 μg/mL of resveratrol was required to induce a similar response in the cells. Further, modulation of genes involved in tumor progression and suppression was significantly (p < 0.0005) higher with the HepG2 cells treated with stilbene-rich berry extracts than the pure resveratrol. This shows that the synergistic activity of stilbenes present in muscadine grape berries have more potent anti-cancer activity than the resveratrol alone.

Download Full-text

Bacterial inhibition of inflammatory responses via TLR-independent mechanisms

Cellular Microbiology ◽

10.1111/cmi.12109 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 527-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Vladimir V. Kravchenko ◽

Gunnar F. Kaufmann

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Bacterial Inhibition

Download Full-text