scholarly journals Associations of the SCD1 gene SNP with fatty acids composition of Holstein cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00060
Author(s):  
Natalia Yu. Safina ◽  
Shamil K. Shakirov ◽  
Rustam Kh. Ravilov ◽  
Gazimzyan S. Sharafutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Significant Difference

The research presents the findings of DNA testing of allelic polymorphism by the PCR-RFLP method of the SCD1 gene and the relationship of genotypes with the milk fatty acid composition of Holstein cows of Tatarstan population. The research was conducted among 172 Holstein cows at the Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” in Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017–2018. All genotypes of the SCD1 gene were identified through the research. The milk yield test showed that the maximum content of the mass fraction of fat was in animals with the TT genotype. The significant difference between the content of the mass fraction of fat in milk in individuals by the locus of the SCD1-Fsp4H I gene was: TT to CC – 0.32 % (p < 0.05) and TT to TC – 0.40 % (p < 0.01). The results of chromatography indicate the balance of the milk fatty acid composition of cows with the TT genotype and, as a consequence, its positive effect on the human body. Cows with a homozygous TT genotype are characterized by the optimum ratio of fatty acids in milk fat. The maximum value of the oxygen desaturation index is also observed in animals with the TT genotype by the SCD1 gene.

Effect of forage conservation method, concentrate level and propylene glycol on the fatty acid composition and vitamin content of cows' milk

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Shingfield ◽  
Pirjo Salo-Väänänen ◽  
Eero Pahkala ◽  
Vesa Toivonen ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Conservation Method

Based on potential health benefits, there is a need to develop effective strategies for enhancing milk fat concentrations of cis-9 18[ratio ]1, 18[ratio ]3 n-3 and conjugated linoleic (CLA) content in milk without compromising the sensory or storage characteristics of processed milk or dairy products. Sixteen Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows were used in a cyclic change-over experiment with four 21-d experimental periods and a 4×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effects of forage conservation method, concentrate level and supplements of propylene glycol (PG), and their interactions on milk fatty acid composition and vitamin content. Experimental treatments consisted of four conserved forages offered ad libitum, supplemented with two levels of a standard concentrate (7 or 10 kg/d) and PG (0 and 210 g/d) fed as three equal meals. Primary growths of timothy and meadow fescue sward were conserved by ensiling with none (NA), an inoculant enzyme preparation (IE) or a formic acid based (FORM) additive or as hay 1 week later. Conservation of grass by drying rather than ensiling resulted in lower forage 18[ratio ]2n-6, 18[ratio ]3n-3, total fatty acid and fat-soluble vitamin concentrations. In spite of lower intakes, milk fat 18[ratio ]2n-6 and 18[ratio ]3n-3 content was higher (P<0·05) for hay than for silage diets (12·1, 9·6, 9·6 and 9·3 and 5·00, 3·51, 4·27 and 2·93 g/kg total fatty acids, for hay, NA, IE and FORM silages, respectively). Forage conservation method had no clear effects on milk trans 18[ratio ]1 or CLA content. Compared with silage, hay diets resulted in milk containing lower (P<0·001) riboflavin, α-tocopherol and β-carotene concentrations, but had no effect on ascorbic acid, thiamine, pyridoxine or retinol content. Feeding more concentrates had no effect on milk fatty acid composition or milk vitamin content, other than lowering (P<0·001) 16[ratio ]0 concentrations from 348 to 338 g/kg fatty acids. Supplements of PG led to small (P<0·05) increases in milk 13[ratio ]0 anteiso and 15[ratio ]0 content from 1·06 and 11·3 to 1·22 and 12·6 g/kg fatty acids and reduced (P<0·05) the concentrations of ascorbic acid (16·1 v. 15·1 g/kg milk).

The effect of duration of feeding oilseeds to dairy cows on the persistency of response in milk fatty acid composition

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
D. I. Givens ◽  
C. Rymer ◽  
A.R. Moss ◽  
R. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Diet

There is much interest in the manipulation of the fatty acid composition of milk fat so as to improve its health characteristics in the human diet. In an earlier study there was an indication that the concentration of fatty acids in milk may change with time when feeding whole oilseeds rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In particular a tendency for an increase in CLA and C18:1 and a reduction in C18:2 and C18:3 concentrations with time were seen. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the changes in the fatty acid composition of milk from high yielding dairy cows fed diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or PUFA over an extended period.

Effect of forage type and proportion of concentrate in the diet on milk fatty acid composition in cows given sunflower oil and fish oil

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Shingfield ◽  
C. K. Reynolds ◽  
B. Lupoli ◽  
V. Toivonen ◽  
M. P. Yurawecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Type

AbstractBased on the potential benefits ofcis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for human health there is a need to develop effective strategies for enhancing milk fat CLA concentrations. In this experiment, the effect of forage type and level of concentrate in the diet on milk fatty acid composition was examined in cows given a mixture of fish oil and sunflower oil. Four late lactation Holstein-British Friesian cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and 21-day experimental periods. Treatments consisted of grass (G) or maize (M) silage supplemented with low (L) or high (H) levels of concentrates (65 : 35 and 35 : 65; forage : concentrate ratio, on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively) offered as a total mixed ration at a restricted level of intake (20 kg DM per day). Lipid supplements (30 g/kg DM) containing fish oil and sunflower oil (2 : 3 w/w) were offered during the last 14 days of each experimental period. Treatments had no effect on total DM intake, milk yield, milk constituent output or milk fat content, but milk protein concentrations were lower (P< 0.05) for G than M diets (mean 43.0 and 47.3 g/kg, respectively). Compared with grass silage, milk fat contained higher (P< 0.05) amounts of C12:0, C14:0, trans C18:1and long chain ≥ C20 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lower (P< 0.05) levels of C18:0and trans C18:2when maize silage was offered. Increases in the proportion of concentrate in the diet elevated (P< 0.05) C18:2(n-6) and long chain ≥ C20 (n-3) PUFA content, but reduced (P< 0.05) the amount of C18:3(n-3). Concentrations oftrans-11 C18:1in milk were independent of forage type, but tended (P< 0.10) to be lower for high concentrate diets (mean 7.2 and 4.0 g/100 g fatty acids, for L and H respectively). Concentrations oftrans-10 C18:1were higher (P< 0.05) in milk from maize compared with grass silage (mean 10.3 and 4.1 g/100 g fatty acids, respectively) and increased in response to high levels of concentrates in the diet (mean 4.1 and 10.3 g/100 g fatty acids, for L and H, respectively). Forage type had no effect (P> 0.05) on total milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (2.7 and 2.8 g/100 g fatty acids, for M and G, respectively) orcis-9,trans-11 CLA content (2.2 and 2.4 g/100 g fatty acids). Feeding high concentrate diets tended (P< 0.10) to decrease total CLA (3.3 and 2.2 g/100 g fatty acids, for L and H, respectively) andcis-9,trans-11 CLA (2.9 and 1.7 g/100 g fatty acids) concentrations and increase milktrans-9,cis-11 CLA andtrans-10,cis-12 CLA content. In conclusion, the basal diet is an important determinant of milk fatty acid composition when a supplement of fish oil and sunflower oil is given.

Effect of increased milking frequency and residual milk removal on milk production and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Ferneborg ◽  
Lucia Kovac ◽  
Kevin J Shingfield ◽  
Sigrid Agenäs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Milking Frequency

It has been well established that milk yield is affected both by milking frequency and due to the removal of residual milk, but the influence of a combination of these factors is unclear. In this study, four mid-lactation cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to test the hypothesis that the effects of more frequent milking and residual milk removal on milk yield and composition are additive and alter milk fatty acid composition. Treatments comprised two or four times daily milking in combination with (or without) residual milk removal over a 96 h interval preceded by a 2 d pretreatment period and followed by a 8 d washout in each 14 d experimental period. Milk was sampled at each milking for the analysis of gross composition and SCC. Samples of available and residual milk collected on the last milking during each treatment period were collected and submitted for fatty acid composition analysis. Increases in milking frequency and residual milk removal alone or in combination had no effect on milk yield or on the secretion of lactose and protein in milk. However, residual milk removal during more frequent milking increased milk fat yield. Milking treatments had no major influence on the fatty acid composition of available milk, but resulted in rather small changes in the relative abundance of specific fatty acids, with no evidence that the additive effects of treatments were due to higher utilisation of preformed fatty acids relative to fatty acid synthesis de novo. For all treatments, fat composition of available and residual milk was rather similar indicating a highly uniform fatty acid composition of milk fat within the mammary gland.

scholarly journals Influence of fish oil, palm oil and glycerol on milk fatty acid composition and metabolism in cows during early lactation

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kupczyński ◽  
M. Kuczaj ◽  
M. Szołtysik ◽  
T. Stefaniak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Glycerol Concentration

Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine an influence of diet additives in a form of protected palm oil, protected fish oil or unprotected fish oil with glycerol in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows on milk fatty acid composition, metabolism, milk yield and milk composition. Milk production, milk fat, and milk protein did not differ statistically between the groups. A significant increase (P<0.01) in glucose level in blood was noted after application of unprotected fish oil with glycerol. The lowest concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids, with the highest cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentration was observed in protected fish oil. An increase in the content of long-chain acids was observed in milk fat of cows receiving protected fish oil when compared to the group receiving palm oil and unprotected fish oil with glycerol. Concentration of trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) was higher (P<0.01) in protected fish oil and unprotected fish oil with glycerol when compared to palm oil group. These changes were corresponded by concentration of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (1.71, 1.68 and 0.61 g/100 g of total fatty acids, respectively). Irrespectively of the form of fish oil administration, an increase in milk eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was noted. The present experiment provides evidence that milk fatty acids can be manipulated via dietary fish oil or unprotected fish oil and glycerol application.

Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid composition responses to plant oils in cows given different basal diets, with particular emphasis ontrans-C18:1fatty acids and isomers of conjugated linoleic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roy ◽  
A. Ferlay ◽  
K. J. Shingfield ◽  
Y. Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIt is well established that plant oils reduce milk saturated fatty acid content and enhance concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans C18:1in milk fat, but there is increasing evidence to suggest that milk fat CLA responses are often transient and decline over time. It is probable that time dependent adaptations in ruminal biohydrogenation and changes in milk fatty acid composition to lipid supplements are, at least in part, related to the composition of the basal diet. To test this hypothesis, 18 Holstein cows were used in a continuous randomized block design to examine changes in milk fatty acid composition over time in response to plant oils included in diets of variable composition. Cows were randomly allocated to one of three basal diets containing (g/kg dry matter (DM)) maize silage (267) and concentrates (733) (diet C); maize silage (332), grass hay (148) and concentrates (520) (diet M), or grass hay (642) and concentrates (358) (diet H). Basal rations were offered for 21 days, after which diets were supplemented with 50 g sunflower per kg DM (diets C-S and M-S) or 50 g linseed oil per kg DM (diet H-L). Oils were included in all rations incrementally over a five day period (days 0–4), and responses to 50 g/kg DM of the respective oils were evaluated for 17 days (days 4 to 20). Milk fatty acid composition was intensively monitored from days −2 to 20. In contrast to the H-L diet, both C-S and M-S treatments decreased (P<0·05) DM intake, milk fat content and yield, while the C-S diet also reduced (P<0·05) milk yield. Milk fatcis-9,trans-11 CLA andtrans-11 C18:1contents were enhanced on the C-S and M-S treatments but the increases were transient reaching the highest concentrations between days 4 and 6 (cis-9,trans-11 CLA: 1·94 and 2·18 g per 100 g total fatty acids;trans-11 C18:1: 4·88 and 6·23 g per 100 g total fatty acids, respectively) but declined thereafter. In marked contrast, concentrations ofcis-9,trans-11 CLA andtrans-11 C18:1in milk from the H-L diet increased gradually over time, responses that were maintained until the end of the experiment (2·89 and 7·49 g per 100 g total fatty acids, respectively).Decreases in milk fatcis-9,trans-11 CLA andtrans-11 C18:1after day 6 on the M-S and C-S diets were associated with concomitant increases in milk fattrans-10 C18:1content reaching 7·22 and 18·62 g per 100 g total fatty acids on day 18, respectively, whereas concentrations oftrans-10 C18:1in milk on the H-L diet remained low throughout the experiment (0·70 g per 100 g total fatty acids on day 18). Furthermore, milk fattrans-11,cis-13 CLA,trans-11,trans-13 CLA andtrans-12,trans-14 CLA contents were all enhanced on the H-L diet, while the M-S and C-S diets increasedtrans-8,cis-10 CLA,trans-10,cis-12 CLA andtrans-9,cis-11 CLA concentrations. Across all diets, decreases in milk fat content were associated with increases in milktrans-10 C18:1,trans-10,cis-12 andtrans-9,cis-11 CLA concentrations (r2=0·93, 0·88 and 0·89, respectively). In conclusion, the relative abundance oftransC18:1and CLA isomers in milk fat were dependent on the composition of the basal diet, type of plant oil and duration of lipid supplementation, highlighting the challenges in developing nutritional strategies for the production of milk highly enriched with CLA over an extended period of time.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of milk from multiparous Holstein cows treated with bovine somatotropin and fed n-3 fatty acids in early lactation

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 4865-4875 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
W.J. Weber ◽  
C.R. Dahlen ◽  
G.C. Lamb ◽  
L.H. Baumgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Early Lactation

scholarly journals Lipid Profile, Lipase Bioactivity, and Lipophilic Antioxidant Content in High Pressure Processed Donor Human Milk

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesolowska ◽  
Brys ◽  
Barbarska ◽  
Strom ◽  
Szymanska-Majchrzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Human Milk Fat

Human milk fat plays an essential role as the source of energy and cell function regulator; therefore, the preservation of unique human milk donors’ lipid composition is of fundamental importance. To compare the effects of high pressure processing (HPP) and holder pasteurization on lipidome, human milk was processed at 62.5 °C for 30 min and at five variants of HPP from 450 MPa to 600 MPa, respectively. Lipase activity was estimated with QuantiChrom™ assay. Fatty acid composition was determined with the gas chromatographic technique, and free fatty acids content by titration with 0.1 M KOH. The positional distribution of fatty acid in triacylglycerols was performed. The oxidative induction time was obtained from the pressure differential scanning calorimetry. Carotenoids in human milk were measured by liquid chromatography. Bile salt stimulated lipase was completely eliminated by holder pasteurization, decreased at 600 MPa, and remained intact at 200 + 400 MPa; 450 MPa. The fatty acid composition and structure of human milk fat triacylglycerols were unchanged. The lipids of human milk after holder pasteurization had the lowest content of free fatty acids and the shortest induction time compared with samples after HPP. HPP slightly changed the β-carotene and lycopene levels, whereas the lutein level was decreased by 40.0% up to 60.2%, compared with 15.8% after the holder pasteurization.

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