scholarly journals The development of small settlements in the industrial plant - city model - based on the examples of Nowa Dęba and Nowa Sarzyna

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
City Model ◽  
Post War ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Over Time

Double-purpose industrial plant-settlement complexes (city) are fairly popular urban combinations; especially so during the inter-war and post-war industrial periods, when through a decision by the central authorities, industrial facilities were located in specific areas which were then developed over time. Specific cases of such complexes are two small cities built from scratch around growing industrial plants. The article presents certain functional and spatial changes in two urban centers: Nowa Dęba and Nowa Sarzyna, which are located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.

The Fight against Ignorance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Heath ◽  
Elisabeth Garratt ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Yaojun Li ◽  
Lindsay Richards
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Post War ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

There was great progress in increasing participation rates in secondary and tertiary education post-war, as there was in Britain’s peer countries. There was also an increase in the proportion of the age group achieving qualifications such as GCSEs but many doubts have been raised about the comparability of these qualifications over time. Independent studies of reading and literacy suggest that progress was positive but slow, while independent cross-national studies show that average test scores of British schoolchildren did not progress any faster than in peer countries. It is doubtful therefore whether educational reforms have made much difference. However, education also contributes to the empowerment of a country’s citizens and to values and behaviours such as tolerance and healthy lifestyles, and educational expansion has contributed to social progress in this way.

scholarly journals Patterns of anxiety and distress over 12 months following participation in HPV primary screening

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054780
Author(s):  
Laura A V Marlow ◽  
Emily McBride ◽  
Deborah Ridout ◽  
Alice S Forster ◽  
Henry Kitchener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesMany countries are now using primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical screening, testing for high-risk HPV and using cytology as triage. An HPV-positive result can have an adverse psychological impact, at least in the short term. In this paper, we explore the psychological impact of primary HPV screening over 12 months.MethodsWomen were surveyed soon after receiving their results (n=1133) and 6 (n=762) and 12 months (n=537) later. Primary outcomes were anxiety (Short-Form State Anxiety Inventory-6) and distress (General Health Questionnaire-12). Secondary outcomes included concern, worry about cervical cancer and reassurance. Mixed-effects regression models were used to explore differences at each time point and change over time across four groups according to their baseline result: control (HPV negative/HPV cleared/normal cytology and not tested for HPV); HPV positive with normal cytology; HPV positive with abnormal cytology; and HPV persistent (ie, second consecutive HPV-positive result).ResultsWomen who were HPV positive with abnormal cytology had the highest anxiety scores at baseline (mean=42.2, SD: 15.0), but this had declined by 12 months (mean=37.0, SD: 11.7) and was closer to being within the ‘normal’ range (scores between 34 and 36 are considered ‘normal’). This group also had the highest distress at baseline (mean=3.3, SD: 3.8, scores of 3+ indicate case-level distress), but the lowest distress at 12 months (mean=1.9, SD: 3.1). At 6 and 12 months, there were no between-group differences in anxiety or distress for any HPV-positive result group when compared with the control group. The control group were less concerned and more reassured about their result at 6 and 12 months than the HPV-positive with normal cytology group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the initial adverse impact of an HPV-positive screening result on anxiety and distress diminishes over time. Specific concerns about the result may be longer lasting and efforts should be made to address them.

Examining the Relationship Between Racialized Poverty Segregation and Hazardous Industrial Facilities in the U.S. Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110134
Author(s):  
Kerry Ard ◽  
Kevin Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Over Time

Scholars interested in understanding the unequal exposure to environmental harms by race and class have often relied on urban sociological theory. Specifically, the argument that the outmigration of middle-class Whites and African Americans from America’s industrial areas, as well as the decline in manufacturing employment in these communities, concentrated minority poverty around industrial sites. These nested, community-level, processes have not yet been measured as such in the environmental inequality literature. This article addresses this limitation by using spatial measures of poverty segregation between and within racial groups. Multilevel models are presented that examine how the density of industrial facilities is related to the economic health of a host-tract, the broader economic context of the county, and the level of poverty segregation (both within and between racial/ethnic groups). Results demonstrate that there is a spatial separation of the economic benefits and environmental harms across the United States, a pattern that has remained consistent over time.

“Small town” entrepreneurial ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T. Roundy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Economic Landscape

Purpose Entrepreneurial ecosystems are receiving growing attention from scholars, practitioners and policy-makers in both developed and developing countries. Studies of this phenomenon have focused almost exclusively on ecosystems in large, urbanized regions and metropolitan areas, located primarily in developed economies. However, the prevalence of small cities across the globe and the increasing acknowledgment that entrepreneurship in small towns is a key determinant of their economic development and rejuvenation suggests that entrepreneurial ecosystems research would benefit from a broader lens of inquiry. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to introduce a framework for studying entrepreneurial ecosystems in small towns. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper introduces the concept of small town entrepreneurial ecosystems (STEEs), draws from a wide-ranging set of disciplines to delineate the ways in which small town ecosystems are similar to and different than their larger counterparts and theorizes about several strategies STEEs use to overcome their limitations. Findings It is theorized that entrepreneurship in small cities is best conceptualized as the outcome of an ecosystem, which means that although small towns may not have some of the same key components as entrepreneurial ecosystems in large urban centers, other elements of the ecosystem may be able to bolster these deficiencies. It also suggests that those attempting to create or develop small town ecosystems may need to be entrepreneurial in the way they attract, view and utilize resources. Finally, it is theorized that small cities may be able to engage in several strategies to overcome their limitations and create vibrant entrepreneurial communities. Originality/value The theory developed produces implications for scholars focused on entrepreneurial ecosystems, economic development and emerging economies and suggests practical implications for policy-makers and development organizations seeking to improve the economic landscape of small cities.

An Intelligent Interactive Layout CAD System for Industrial Plants

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Kameyama ◽  
Koichi Kondo ◽  
Koichi Ohtomi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Plant Layout ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Constraint Checking ◽  
Data Updating ◽  
Interactive User

Abstract This paper describes an industrial plant layout system with an intelligent interactive user-interface. This system offers a powerful design environment, in which a designer can concurrently draw and check a layout plan, which can not be realized on a conventional plant layout CAD system. The major function of the system is the automatic constraint checking of each designer’s drafting action. This function is achieved by the integration of a geometric modeler, frame representation, and production rules. The geometric modeler is used for extracting the information for data updating and constraint checking from graphical objects, which are directly manipulated by a designer. Frame representation is used for representing the attributes of the equipments and the areas, and these attributes are handled by production rules. Production rules are used for representing the constraint checking and data updating procedures, and can be executed as required.

Transformation of Rural Areas with High Urban Impact: the Example of the Largest Cities in the Warmia and Mazury Region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczepanska ◽  
Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska ◽  
Iwona Krzywnicka ◽  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Impact ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The City

The paper discusses rural transformations resulting from urban influences. The analyzed area consists of rural municipalities (the smallest administrative units in Poland) in the immediate vicinity of Olsztyn, Elblag and Ełk – the largest cities in Warmia and Mazury. The type and rate of social and spatial changes in rural areas with high urban impact were analyzed. The following issues have been addressed: – a comparison between demographic changes in rural municipalities neighboring on urban centres and demographic changes in the city, – changes in the land use structure of rural municipalities neighboring on urban centers, with particular emphasis on open and protected spaces, – architectural changes in the analyzed suburban areas, – landscape changes in the analyzed suburban areas.

China Gambles on Modernizing Through Urbanization

2017 ◽  
Vol 116 (791) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Looney ◽  
Meg Rithmire
Keyword(s):  
Urban Centers ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Permanent Residency

[T]he plan aims for massive urbanization through the extension of formal permanent residency to current and future migrants in small cities and towns rather than large urban centers.

EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION ON INDUSTRIAL WATER INTAKES1

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
J. A. Nichols ◽  
H. D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flash Distillation ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Oil spills in coastal waters sometimes give rise to concerns that oil may become entrained in the seawater intakes of power stations, desalination units, and other industrial plants. This paper reviews the findings of an investigation, undertaken by the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation and Sir M. MacDonald & Partners, on the effects of oil pollution on water-cooled electricity-generating stations and desalination plants using multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis. The various components that could be contaminated by oil are described and, using case studies wherever possible, the effects on equipment, heat transfer surfaces, and potable water are discussed. Finally considered are various methods of minimizing the impact of oil and financial implications of oil contamination for the different types of industrial plant.

GENESIS OF PLANNING STRUCTURE COMPONENTS OF ULYANOVSK (SIMBIRSK) FROM 1648 to 90-ies of XX century

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Dmitry Borisovich VERETENNIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Road Network ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Qualitative Changes ◽  
Course Of Study

The formation of Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk) planning structure is viewed by component-wise changes analysis of city planning structure with the revealing of these changes correlation in course of study of planning structure genesis. The stages of city quantitative growth and its planning organization qualitative changes are examined. Quantitative growth of city road network and its quality changes over time are considered. The stages of urban centers formation - nodal and linear - are viewed. Processes of intensive and extensive development of the centers are described. Quantitative growth rates for all components of the planning structure of Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk) are presented. These indexes are summarized in the table. The genesis flowchart of Simbirsk-Ulyanovsk planning structure is done.

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