Transformation of Rural Areas with High Urban Impact: the Example of the Largest Cities in the Warmia and Mazury Region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczepanska ◽  
Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska ◽  
Iwona Krzywnicka ◽  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Impact ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The City

The paper discusses rural transformations resulting from urban influences. The analyzed area consists of rural municipalities (the smallest administrative units in Poland) in the immediate vicinity of Olsztyn, Elblag and Ełk – the largest cities in Warmia and Mazury. The type and rate of social and spatial changes in rural areas with high urban impact were analyzed. The following issues have been addressed: – a comparison between demographic changes in rural municipalities neighboring on urban centres and demographic changes in the city, – changes in the land use structure of rural municipalities neighboring on urban centers, with particular emphasis on open and protected spaces, – architectural changes in the analyzed suburban areas, – landscape changes in the analyzed suburban areas.

scholarly journals Identificação de Ilhas de Calor na Cidade de Campina Grande-PB Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto (Identification of Heat Islands in Campina Grande City-PB Using Remote Sensing)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elânia Daniele Silva Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
The City

A intensa urbanização causa diversos problemas de natureza ambiental, climática e social. O crescimento não planejado da população urbana e a remoção da vegetação são fatores que intensificam estes problemas. As temperaturas na cidade são significativamente mais quentes do que as suas zonas rurais circundantes devido às atividades humanas. As intensas mudanças espaciais em áreas urbanas, promovem significativo aumento na temperatura, causando o chamado efeito de Ilha de Calor Urbano (ICU). Campina Grande é uma cidade de tamanho médio que experimentou um crescimento desordenado, desde o tempo do comércio de algodão e, como qualquer cidade de grande ou médio porte, sofre alterações em seu espaço. Dessa forma, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da temperatura da superfície (Ts) e detectar ICU, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para o efeito, foram utilizadas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, dos anos de 1995, 2007 e 2014. Aumentos da Ts foram bem evidentes e foram detectadas duas ICU. Campina Grande mostra um padrão de tendência: o crescimento urbano não planejado é responsável por mudanças no ambiente físico e na forma e estrutura espacial da cidade, o que se reflete sobre o microclima e, em última análise, na qualidade de vida das pessoas.   ABSTRACT The intense urbanization causes several problems of environmental, climate and social nature. The unplanned growth of urban population and the vegetation removal are factors that deepen these problems. Temperatures in the city are significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Large spatial changes in urban areas promote significant increase in temperature, causing the so-called Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Campina Grande is a medium-sized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze surface temperature spatial and temporal variability and to detect potential UHI, through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used. Using images from years 1995, 2007 and 2014, considerable increases in temperature were identified and two UHI were recognize. Campina Grande shows a trend pattern: the urban unplanned growth is responsible for changes in the physical environment and in the form and spatial structure of the city, reflecting on people quality of life. Keywords: change detection, surface temperature, heat islands, urbanization.   

scholarly journals Cidade de Nampula: a Rainha do Norte de Moçambique

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mendes Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Military Control ◽  
The City ◽  
Demographic Growth

The city of Nampula, located in the Northern hinterland of Mozambique, has always been considered the «capital of the North». Founded with the aim of ensuring military control over the colonial penetration of the hinterland, it is an important crossroads where the litoral-hinterland and centre-North axes intersect. Just like Mozambique’sother urban areas, the city of Nampula underwent considerable demographic growth in the period that followed the independence of the country, including the period of civil war and the peace that ensued from 1992 onwards. This demographic growth was the result of a significant migration inflow originating in the rural areas. As the city’s infrastructure and economic activity was unable to keep apace with this growth, the idea of migrating to the city with the aim of improving the livelihood of the migrant population was nothing but a mirage, which eventually resulted in the proliferation of the informal economy as a means of livelihood. The «city of concrete» still exhibits a series of urban and demographic haracteristics that differ substantially from those of the surrounding urban administrative units.

scholarly journals The Influence of Vegetation on UHIs, MUHIs, and Microclimate of Selected Southern Cities

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 509A-509
Author(s):  
Derald A. Harp ◽  
Edward L. McWilliams
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Urban areas have average annual temperatures 2–3°C warmer than surrounding rural areas, with daily differences of 5–6°C common. A suggested reason for this temperature difference is the extensive use of concrete, asphalt, and other building materials in the urban environment. Vegetation can moderate these temperatures by intercepting incoming radiation. The influence of vegetation patterns on the magnitude of urban and micro-urban “heat islands” (UHI and MUHI, respectively) is compared for several cities including Houston, Austin, College Station, and Ft. Worth, Texas; Huntsville, Ala.; and Gainesville, Fla. Temperatures for all cities studied were greatest in the built-up areas and dropped off in suburban areas and adjacent rural areas. In Houston, surrounding rice fields were 3–5°C cooler than urban areas. Heavily built-up areas of Austin were 2–4°C warmer than parks and fields outside of the city. In all of the cities, large parks were typically 2–3°C cooler than adjacent built-up areas. Large shopping malls varied in nocturnal winter and summer temperature, with winter temperatures near door openings 2–3°C warmer, and summer daytime temperatures as much as 17°C cooler beneath trees. This effect seemed to persist at the microclimatic scale. Areas beneath evergreen trees and shrubs were warmer in the winter than surrounding grass covered areas. Video thermography indicated that the lower surfaces of limbs in deciduous trees were warmer than the upper surfaces. Overall, vegetation played a significant role, both at the local and microscale, in temperature moderation.

scholarly journals The role and development perspectives of small towns in central Serbia

Spatium ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Spasic ◽  
Jasna Petric
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Classification ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
The One

The link between urban centers and the countryside, including movement of people, goods, capital and other social exchanges, play an important role in processes of rural and urban change of a country. Major demographic and spatial changes have been typical for Serbia in the second half of the 20th century, caused by a dynamic primary urbanization process, i.e. by intense migration trends between rural areas and towns (cities). A special attention in this paper is given to the small urban centers in Serbia (small towns with population of less than 20,000) as the first magnet in proximate contact with the rural surroundings, and the one that therefore could have the greatest influence on organization structure and development prospects of the rural areas. In addition to being difficult to substantiate criteria for urban classification, small towns themselves do not represent a homogeneous group of settlements, and this makes it even harder to put up generalizations that would fit to all the settlements of this kind either within our country or cross-borders. However, here are identified certain common features for the small towns in Central Serbia and their development perspective is analyzed in relation to medium towns and cities of the same territory in consideration. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of policies for small town development in light of a real risk that the process of globalisation may lead to the justification of a new concentration of activities in the large cities, increasing the already significant regional differences in living conditions and economic development.

White Internal Migration to American Cities, 1940–1980

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Berry
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The North

An overview of Euro-American internal migration in the United States between 1940 and 1980 explores the overall population movement away from rural areas to cities and suburban areas. Although focused on white Americans and their migrations, there are similarities to the Great Migration of African Americans, who continued to move out of the South during the mid-20th century. In the early period, the industrial areas in the North and West attracted most of the migrants. Mobilization for World War II loosened rural dwellers who were long kept in place by low wages, political disfranchisement, and low educational attainment. The war also attracted significant numbers of women to urban centers in the North and West. After the war, migration increased, enticing white Americans to become not just less rural but also increasingly suburban. The growth of suburbs throughout the country was prompted by racial segregation in housing that made many suburban areas white and earmarked many urban areas for people of color. The result was incredible growth in suburbia: from 22 million living in those areas in 1940 to triple that in 1970. Later in the period, as the Steelbelt rusted, the rise of the West as a migration magnet was spurred by development strategies, federal investment in infrastructure, and military bases. Sunbelt areas were making investments that stood ready to recruit industries and of course people, especially from Rustbelt areas in the North. By the dawn of the 21st century, half of the American population resided in suburbs.

scholarly journals Funkcje jednostek osadniczych aglomeracji poznańskiej a polityka przestrzenna = Functions of settlement units of the Poznań agglomeration in light of spatial policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szczepańska ◽  
Agnieszka Wilkaniec
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

Declining importance of agriculture has been accompanied by development of non-agricultural activities in rural areas. Concurrently, there has been an increasing interest in the issues of transforming functional and spatial structure of the village. Functions of rural settlement units are primarily identified based upon analysis of changing tendencies concerning employment structure, land use and infrastructure accessibility. Significant changes have also occurred in the landscape and perception of post-agricultural space. The rural area begins to resemble a city (hub), also in terms of social and living conditions. There is a rise in the standard of living (positive effect) and a widespread of urban style of being (a negative effect). These processes are particularly intense in the villages of the suburban area, as they are being absorbed into the spatial and functional structures of the city. The aim of the research is to determine the functional and spatial differences and similarities among settlement units of the Poznań agglomeration based on the analysis of planning documents as well as spatial and cartographic data. Old villages were selected for the research – currently, self-government housing estates in Poznań (auxiliary units) and villages that are adjacent to the city border. Contemporary changes in the functions of settlement units have been identified in a diverse range and extent. However, in general spatial changes exhibit numerous similarities. The most important spatial decisions affecting the functional and spatial structure of settlement units are undertaken at the commune level. It is however necessary to coordinate these activities also at a higher level and at various scales of planning. In particular, there is a need for a an integrated approach to the management of spatial and landscape resources within strongly connected areas such as urban agglomerations.

scholarly journals Uneven Demographic Changes as a Challenge to Provide Access to Education in the Rural Areas in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska ◽  
Maciej Stawicki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Rural Municipalities

Dynamic changes in the number of inhabitants of rural areas in Poland entail necessity to adjust the market of public services and determine the way they are provided. In practice the intensity of this process varies both interregional and intra-regional. The objective of the study was to present how the uneven demographic changes including number of children affect organization of primary education by rural municipalities in selected Polish region. Research tasks were to present spatial diversity of demographic changes and number of pupils and schools and to identify and classify the ways of organization of education by rural municipalities depending on demographic processes. Research used data provided by Central Statistical Office for period 1998-2017. Moreover, data collected in own research (interviews conducted in 2018 and 2019) allowed to recognize public education services perception by local governments and rural society.  Keywords: demographic changes; public services; schools; rural society; Poland

scholarly journals NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phung The Anh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Rural Construction ◽  
New Rural Construction

Ho Chi Minh City is Vietnam's the largest city with potentials, strengths on the development of industry, construction and service. The proportion of these sectors accounts for more than 99% of the city's GDP structure. Moreover, the city also has a large rural area with 05 suburban districts. In the past years, the city has also focused on strong investment to build and develop rural areas, contributing to changing the face of rural areas of the city; and simultaneously narrowing the gap between the urban and suburban areas. Since the day of national reunification up to now, Ho Chi Minh City has focused resources to invest in developing rural areas under the policy of new rural construction of the Communist Party of Vietnam, especially investment in building a synchronous and completed socio-economic infrastructure system, contributing to rural development, increasing incomes and improving people's lives. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0797/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Determinants of the Quality of Life in the Communes of the Poznań Agglomeration: A Quantitative Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Mizgajski ◽  
Marzena Walaszek ◽  
Tomasz Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Central City ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Since the 1990s, large urban agglomerations in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have shown highly dynamic functional and spatial changes resulting from the transformation of their political systems. The aim of this study is to present differences in social, economic and environmental living conditions among the communes of a single agglomeration. This, in turn, allows a discussion, in the first place, of local factors, assuming that national and regional conditions in a given area are uniform. The study focused on the agglomeration of Poznań, which consists of the city of Poznań and 17 surrounding communes (Polish: gmina) forming the district, or ‘poviat’ (Polish: powiat) of Poznań. The analysis of variations in living conditions uses a set of nine indicators reflecting the local level of development in social, economic and environmental terms. The results lead to the conclusion that the development of urbanisation processes in suburban areas over the past 20 years has had a significant share in improving the living conditions of their inhabitants. In some communes they are, in fact, better than in the central city of Poznań

MULTIFUNCTIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPALITIES ADJACENT TO THE CITY OF OLSZTYN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna KOCUR-BERA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
The City

Rural areas have multiple functions. Four key functions can be identified in a synthetic approach: economic, environmental, social and cultural. Multidirectional rural development is strongly influenced by spatial attributes, demographics, environmental factors, infrastructure and capital. Multidirectional development is closely associated with the multiple functions of rural areas. In general, multifunctional rural development involves rural activation and rural business diversification which enables members of the rural community to derive incomes from non-farming activities. The growth potential of rural municipalities is an important determinant of multifunctional development. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of socioeconomic development in rural municipalities, which is an indicator of their multifunctional development. The analysis involved rural municipalities adjacent to the city of Olsztyn. These municipalities are bedroom communities whose residents commute to work in the urban center. The study analyzed 15 indicators describing the four key areas of multifunctional development: environmental, social, economic and infrastructural. Data for 2013-2015 were acquired from the Central Statistical Office and statistical tables of the agricultural productivity index. The results indicate that the municipality of Purda (with relatively poor soils) meets the highest number of criteria and the municipality of Dywity (with relatively high-quality soils) meets the lowest number of criteria for multifunctional development.

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