The Impact of Poultry Imports Liberation on Income Inequality in Indonesia

Livestock is one of the sectors that has great contribution to the national economy and absorbs labor force significantly; by about 4.24 million households are looking for livelihoods in this sector. By the possibility of liberation of poultry imports, such as Brazil's success on dispute of Indonesian poultry imports in the WTO, it isestimated that the income level of the worker in the poultry sector will be disrupted. By employing the Input-Output and Social Accounting Matrices analysis, this study simulates and analyses the impact of poultry import liberation on households' income in Indonesia. The results show that the domestic consumptionsare affected by the imports due to tariff reductions and will further affect the national and sectoral domestic output. The low levels income households who work in agriculture and live in rural areas receive a greater impact of income decrease than urban households, while non-agriculture households who live in urban have a positive impact on income levels. The study also finds that the discrepancy of the income level of several class of households are widen after the liberation of poultry imports.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TANDA TERIMA KASIH DAN TINGKAT PENDAPATAN APARATUR TERHADAP GRATIFIKASI

Jurnal Good Governance ◽

10.32834/jgg.v14i1.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yulius Yulius

Keyword(s):

Income Level ◽

Income Levels ◽

Research Instrument ◽

The Impact

The Governments in carrying out its function, is constrained by gratification practices that conducted with the apparatus, this research aims to discover the influence of people's habits in their gratitude to the gratification; The impact of apparatus’ income level to the gratification;the impact of community habits that show their gratitude and the income levels of the apparatus collectively to the gratification. This research instrument used the questionnaires which distributed to the apparatus, with the conclusion: Community's habits that represent their gratitude for gratification; the income level of the apparatus impact the gratification; the community's habits that represent their gratitude and the apparatus’ income level as together affecting the gratification, even contributing 40.4% of the gratification.Keywords: habit; income; gratification

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Mediating Role of Interpersonal Interactions Between Chinese Farmers' Social Networks and their Subjective Well-Being

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.6730 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 721-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianjun Zhang ◽

Yang Xu ◽

Yu Hou

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Impact ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Interpersonal Interactions ◽

The Impact

As more than half the population of China lives in rural areas, farmers' subjective well-being is important to the maintenance of socialism in the countryside and the Chinese people's target of comprehensively building a prosperous society. Using data collected in the 2012 Chinese General Social Survey, we built a regression model to examine the impact of farmers' social networks on their subjective well-being, and the mediating effect of their interpersonal interactions on this relationship. Results showed that farmers' social networks had a positive impact on their overall subjective well-being, which was, in turn, mediated by their interpersonal interactions. Farmers with well-developed social networks tended to have effective interpersonal interactions that satisfied their social psychological needs and enhanced their subjective well-being. Our findings provide a valuable reference for enhancing the subjective well-being of farmers in China.

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The Impact of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program on Rural Sustainability in Korea

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10072436 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2436 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jaehee Hwang ◽

Jonghoon Park ◽

Seongwoo Lee

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Central Government ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Evaluation Studies ◽

Development Program ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Rural Village ◽

Rural Sustainability ◽

Ex Post ◽

The Impact

An imperative challenge emerges from the demand to apply the scientific method in the assessment of recent agricultural and rural policies throughout the world. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ex-post quantitative evaluation of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program (CRVDP), a representative rural development policy operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, a central government agency in South Korea. The primary purpose of this program is to ensure sustainable rural society. This study found a moderate but significant positive impact of the policy in enhancing the standard of living in rural areas. The present paper concludes with suggesting some policy implications, limitations and future directions of policy evaluation studies.

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Does Farmland Size Affect the Collective Action in Rural Areas? An Empirical Study on the Public Irrigation System in China

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129201028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 292 ◽

pp. 01028

Author(s):

Liangzhen Zang ◽

Yiqing Su

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Collective Action ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Irrigation System ◽

The Public ◽

Land Circulation ◽

Per Capita ◽

Agricultural Business ◽

The Impact

Since smallholders accounted for a high proportion of 98.1% among the 207 million agricultural business households across China, it is particularly important to study the impact of farmland size on the provision of public goods attached to the public sector industries from the perspective of the irrigation collective action in rural areas. Based on the survey data of 283 villages in China, this paper finds that the farmland size has a positive impact on irrigation collective action, although the average of per capita farmland area is only 0.214 hectares in each household of China. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the farmland scale operation by land circulation, so as to improve the ability of collective action and the development of public sector industries in rural areas of China.

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Impact of Educational Qualification on Social Support, Social Isolation and Social and Emotional Loneliness: A Study of Senior Citizens

Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS) ◽

10.32879/picp.2018.4.2.153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 153-170

Author(s):

Salma Naz Gul ◽

Rabia Chishti ◽

Maher Bano

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Senior Citizens ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Educational Qualification ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Emotional Loneliness ◽

The Impact

The present study aims to investigate the impact of educational qualification on social support, social isolation, and loneliness (social and emotional) among Senior Citizens. De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (1985),Social Support Scale developed by Malik (2002), and Friendship Scale developed by Hawthorne (2006) were used to measure the pertinent constructs of present study. Purposive convenient sampling technique was used to draw the sample of older adults (N = 500) aged 60 to 90 years (M = 67.59, SD = 7.54) from both urban and rural areas of various districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Alpha coefficients, for all the variables were computed, which ranged between .60 for social loneliness to .96 for social support total scale. Study found significant differences among the variables. Findings revealed that educational qualification of the sample had a positive impact on their social support and they were less socially isolated as compared to uneducated senior citizens.

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Urgensi Omnibus Law (Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja) Terhadap Hak Masyarakat Adat di Wilayah Pesisir

Balobe Law Journal ◽

10.47268/balobe.v1i2.653 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Dolfries J Neununy

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Positive Impact ◽

The Other ◽

Ordinary People ◽

Legal Research ◽

Political Approach ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Introductioan: Substantial application of the Omnibus Law (Cipta Kerja) for the rights of indigenous peoples in coastal areas.Purposes of the Research: Reviewing and analyzing the impact of the Copyright Act on indigenous peoples in coastal areas.Methods of the Research: The research was conducted through normative legal research with a political approach to review and analyze legislation or other legal materials related to the Urgency of Omnibus Law on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in coastal areas.Results of the Research: The presence of the Omnisbus Law will have a positive impact on the community from the aspect of legal knowledge that people belonging to the scientific community can understand the purpose of the government to implement the Omnisbus Law but from the other side the ordinary people who are in coastal areas and remote rural areas do not understand well the application of the Omnisbus Law so that protection is important.

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Impact of Microcredit on Living Standard of Dairy Entrepreneurs: Special Focus on Oddusuddan DS Division in Mullaitivu District

Indian Journal of Finance and Banking ◽

10.46281/ijfb.v3i2.456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Saseela Balagobei ◽

Sankeetha Aravinthakumar

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Primary Data ◽

Living Standard ◽

Poor People ◽

Special Focus ◽

The Impact ◽

Micro Credit

Microcredit is part of micro finance, which provides a wider range of financial services for low income people. Micro credit serves as a vital role for Living standard of poor people in the developing countries as well as in Sri Lanka. In this Study Oddusuddan DS division in Mullaitivu district was selected as research area. After the 30 years conflict situation most people in the Oddusuddan area in Mullaitivu district are subordinate to the poverty line, because most of the displaced people who are female other than male staying here. Women lost their male relatives in struggle, and forced to take a responsibility of their family in order to look after their children, aged parents and their male relatives. Micro credit helps the poor people particularly women in effective ways in order to create income generating activities. The prime objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Microcredit on living standard of dairy entrepreneurs in Oddusuddan DS division in Mullaitivu District. In the rural areas of Mullaitivu, Oddusuddan Divisional Secretariat Divisions 100 dairy entrepreneurs were selected as the sample size of population. The selected entrepreneurs who have received loan from samurdhi bank for dairy farming activities in Oddusuddan DS Division. Primary data were used for gathering information and quantitative analysis was carried out to find out the results. In the quantitative analysis the correlation and regression methods were employed to examine the hypotheses by using SPSS. The result of this study concluded that there is a positive impact of samurdhi micro credit on living standard of dairy entrepreneurs in Oddusuddan DS Division. In addition to this, using micro credit facilities create more job opportunities and variety of economic activities and improve household education, income, saving and heath condition of the people. The study recommends that micro credit institution should consider improve the living standard of dairy entrepreneurs through increase the loan amount with lower interest rate.

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Vitalizing Rural Communities: China’s Rural Entrepreneurial Activities from Perspective of Mixed Embeddedness

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11061609 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1609

Author(s):

Huasheng Zhu ◽

Yawei Chen ◽

Kebi Chen

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Transitional Period ◽

Population Mobility ◽

Rural Economies ◽

Entrepreneurial Activities ◽

The Impact

Rural entrepreneurial activities play an important role in the development of rural economies and the vitality of rural areas, and they can also contribute to an increase in the employment opportunities of farmers and environmental sustainability during China’s transitional period. As a local organization, the community connects individuals, collective agencies, local authorities, and the market in reforming rural economies in China. Based on the concepts of mixed embeddedness and on the database of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper uses a binary logistic regression (BLR) model to analyze the impact of social, institutional, and economic environments of rural communities on entrepreneurship. The finding shows that informal, entrepreneurship-oriented institutions in rural communities have more significantly positive impact on farmer entrepreneurship than formal institutions, as well as economic and social environments. Furthermore, compared with kinship, neighborhood relationships and weak ties based on the population mobility in rural communities are more important for farmer entrepreneurship. Additionally, rural communities are the production places and markets, and their economic levels are positively related to entrepreneurship. Last but not least, compared with urban communities, rural communities play a much more prominent role in local entrepreneurship.

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Entrepreneurs and Territorial Diversity: Success and Failure in Andalusia 2007–2015

Land ◽

10.3390/land9080262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 262

Author(s):

Eugenio Cejudo García ◽

José Antonio Cañete Pérez ◽

Francisco Navarro Valverde ◽

Noelia Ruiz Moya

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Project Success ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Primary Source ◽

Rural Development Programme ◽

Application Procedure ◽

Different Types ◽

Europe Today ◽

The Impact

Rural Europe today cannot be understood without considering the impact of the EU’s Liaisons Entre Actions de Developpement de l’Economie Rurale (LEADER) rural development programme. Although in general it has had a positive impact, research has also revealed spatial and social disparities in the distribution of funds. Our primary source was the files for all the LEADER projects processed in Andalusia between 2007 and 2015. In addition to successfully executed projects, we also focused on “unfunded” projects, those in which, although promoters had initiated the application procedure, a grant was never ultimately obtained. Project failure must be studied so as to avoid biased findings. We then classified these projects within the different types of rural area and analysed the behaviour of the different promoters in these areas. Relevant findings include: project success or failure varies according to the different types of rural area, as does the behaviour of the different promoters; the degree of rurality can hinder project success; young and female entrepreneurs were more likely to fail; the type of promoter is strongly influenced by the distance to cities in that companies and Individual Entrepreneurs tend to invest in periurban spaces, while public sector promoters such as Local Councils are more prominent in remote rural areas.

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Impact Assessment of MGNREGA on Employment Generation, Labour Supply in the Agriculture Sector and Migration: A Case Study

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/20086 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 613-618

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Labour Supply ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Employment Level ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Employment Generation ◽

And Migration ◽

Employment Guarantee ◽

The Impact

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in 2005 was formulated to reinforce adherence towards livelihood security in rural areas by providing a legal guarantee of 100 day's work annually to every rural household whose adult members willing to do unskilled manual work. The study assessed the impact of MGNREGA on employment generation, labour supply in agriculture sector and migration. The study was conducted using multi-stage random sampling in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on a survey covering 100 households from 10 panchayats of 2 blocks, it was found that the scheme was the lifeline of poor villagers and significantly affected the employment level. However, labour supply in agriculture showed a negative trend which can vanquish if MGNREGA provides off-season employment to agricultural labour. Similarly, the migration level also dwindled showing a positive impact of the scheme. A new and innovative works need to be found to retain rural labour and furnish productive employment to check this trend.

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