scholarly journals Blood hematology profile at postpartum in Ettawa grade does fed with different fatty acid flushing diets during the late gestation period and different litter sizes

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Prasetyo Nugroho ◽  
Komang G. Wiryawan ◽  
Wasmen Manalu ◽  
Dewi A. Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Fatty Acid Level

Physiological stress occurs in does immediately after parturition. This study evaluated the blood hematology profile at postpartum in Ettawa grade does fed with different fatty acid flushing diets during the late gestation period and different litter sizes (LS). A total of 15 Ettawa grade does with a gestational age of 4 months were used in this study during the flushing period. The flushing ration was supplemented with a 2.8% fatty acid level in lauric acid (T1), α-linolenic acid (T2) and α-linolenic acid (T3). A factorial randomized complete design 3 x 2 in which the first factor was fatty acids and the second factor was litter sizes (LS1 and LS2) was used to measure blood hematology. Leukocyte level was higher in LS2 compared to LS1 (P<0.05), but it was not affected by fatty acids. Even though the lymphocyte level was highest in T3 and LS2 (P<0.05), it was still in the normal range. Monocyte and neutrophil were lower in T3 compared to T1 (P<0.05), but it was similar to T2. In conclusion, the results suggest that flushing in the late gestation period with supplementation of 2.8% α-linolenic acid improved the immune system at postpartum on the does giving birth to twins 2.

Free fatty acid level in rat liver after ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Lipids ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamamoto ◽  
Masahiro Isozaki ◽  
Takeshi Ishibe ◽  
Mitsuo Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Fatty Acid Level

scholarly journals The determination of volatile fatty acids in the caecum of the conscious rabbit

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Parker ◽  
R. T. Mcmillan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Conscious Rabbit

1. A method of obtaining dialysed samples from the caecum of the conscious rabbit is described.2. Values for total volatile fatty acid content and for molar proportions of individual volatile fatty acids in dialysate samples were in good agreement with those obtained from caecal material.3. The volatile fatty acid level in the caecum throughout the day was determined using two groups of animals, one group fed ad lib. and the other group on a restricted food intake. These results indicated a marked diurnal fluctuation in volatile fatty acid level in the caecum of rabbits fed once/d which was not evident in those fed ad lib.

scholarly journals Trans Fatty Acids in Human Milk in Latvia: Association with Dietary Habits during the Lactation Period

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2967
Author(s):  
Līva Aumeistere ◽  
Alīna Beluško ◽  
Inga Ciproviča ◽  
Dace Zavadska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Trans Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Lactating Women

The human milk fatty acid, including trans fatty acid, composition is predominantly affected by the maternal diet. The aim of this research was to determine the trans fatty acid level in human milk among lactating women in Latvia, and to evaluate how maternal dietary habits affect the trans fatty acid composition of human milk. In total, 70 lactating women participated in this cross-sectional study. A 72-hour food diary and food frequency questionnaire were used to evaluate maternal dietary habits. Different trans fatty acids in human milk samples were determined using gas chromatography (Agilent 6890N, Agilent Technologies Incorporated, the United States). Overall, the dietary intake of trans fatty acids among the participants was 0.54 ± 0.79 g per day. The total trans fatty acid level in the human milk samples was 2.30% ± 0.60%. The composition of trans fatty acids found in human milk was associated with maternal dietary habits. Higher elaidic acid, vaccenic acid and total trans fatty acid levels in human milk were found among participants with a higher milk and dairy product intake. Meat and meat product intake were associated with a higher vaccenic acid and total trans fatty acid levels in human milk. A moderate association was also established between maternal trans fatty acid intake and the total trans fatty acid level in human milk. The obtained correlations indicate that maternal dietary habits during lactation can impact the composition of trans fatty acids found in human milk.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Transfer of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Mother–Infant Dyads as Analyzed at Time of Delivery

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Vanessa Woodard ◽  
Melissa Thoene ◽  
Matthew Van Ormer ◽  
Maranda Thompson ◽  
Corrine Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Tissue Samples

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for fetal development, and intrauterine transfer is the only supply of PUFAs to the fetus. The prevailing theory of gestational nutrient transfer is that certain nutrients (including PUFAs) may have prioritized transport across the placenta. Numerous studies have identified correlations between maternal and infant fatty acid concentrations; however, little is known about what role maternal PUFA status may play in differential intrauterine nutrient transfer. Twenty mother–infant dyads were enrolled at delivery for collection of maternal and umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue samples. Plasma concentrations of PUFAs were assessed using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Intrauterine transfer percentages for each fatty acid were calculated as follows: ((cord blood fatty acid level/maternal blood fatty acid level) x 100). Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare transfer percentages between maternal fatty acid tertile groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. There were statistically significant differences in intrauterine transfer percentages of arachidonic acid (AA) (64% vs. 65% vs. 45%, p = 0.02), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (41% vs. 19% vs. 17%, p = 0.03), and total fatty acids (TFA) (27% vs. 26% vs. 20%, p = 0.05) between maternal plasma fatty acid tertiles. Intrauterine transfer percentages of AA, EPA, and TFA were highest in the lowest tertile of respective maternal fatty acid concentration. These findings may indicate that fatty acid transfer to the fetus is prioritized during gestation even during periods of maternal nutritional inadequacy.

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

scholarly journals An automated non-destructive prediction of peroxide value and free fatty acid level in mixed nut samples

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 110893
Author(s):  
Iman Tahmasbian ◽  
Helen M. Wallace ◽  
Tsvakai Gama ◽  
Shahla Hosseini Bai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Non Destructive

Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 encodes an ω3 fatty acid desaturase

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Oura ◽  
Susumu Kajiwara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturases ◽  
Desaturase Gene ◽  
Saccharomyces Kluyveri ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene

Fungi, like plants, are capable of producing the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. These fatty acids are synthesized by catalytic reactions of Δ12 and ω3 fatty acid desaturases. This paper describes the first cloning and functional characterization of a yeast ω3 fatty acid desaturase gene. The deduced protein encoded by the Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 gene (Sk-FAD3) consists of 419 amino acids, and shows 30–60 % identity with Δ12 fatty acid desaturases of several eukaryotic organisms and 29–31 % identity with ω3 fatty acid desaturases of animals and plants. During Sk-FAD3 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, α-linolenic acid accumulated only when linoleic acid was added to the culture medium. The disruption of Sk-FAD3 led to the disappearance of α-linolenic acid in S. kluyveri. These findings suggest that Sk-FAD3 is the only ω3 fatty acid desaturase gene in this yeast. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of Sk-FAD3 appears to be regulated by low-temperature stress in a manner different from the other fatty acid desaturase genes in S. kluyveri.

scholarly journals The Effect of Enriched Daphnia sp. with Different Source of Oil on the Survival Rate and the Growth of Oreochromis niloticus Larvae

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mokoginta ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
T.L. Pelawi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Ad Libitum

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">ABSTRACT<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">This experiment was conducted to evaluate best source of oil to enriched <em>Daphnia</em> sp. before fed it to <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> larvae. Four treatments were used in this experiment; first, <em>Daphnia</em> sp. without encrichment, second <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with fish oil, third <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with corn oil and the fourth <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with coconut oil. Three days old larvae fed on <em>Daphnia</em> sp. with size of </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Symbol;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"><span>£</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"> 0,5 mm at the first week and 0,6 – 1,0 mm as the second week of this experiment. Larvae fed on <em>Daphnia</em> sp. 5 times daily, <em>ad libitum</em>, for 14 days. Larvae was reared in the small cages (2,25 l), and all cages was placed in the aquarium. Larvae density was 48 larvae/l. This experiment showed that the lipid level in <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with oil was higher than that of no enrichment <em>Daphnia</em> sp. The highest n3- fatty acid level was found in <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with fish oil, and the highest n6- fatty acid level was found in <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with corn oil. Larvae fed on <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with oil have a higher relative growth rate than that fed on <em>Daphnia</em> sp. without enrichment. The highest survival rate of larvae was found by feeding them with <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with corn oil (<em>p</em> &lt; 0,05).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Key words : <em>Daphnia</em> sp., enrichment, larvae, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><h2 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">ABSTRAK</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi sumber minyak yang terbaik bagi pengkayaan <em>Daphnia</em> sp. sebelum diberikan ke larva ikan nila, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. Ada 4 perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang tidak diperkaya minyak; <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak ikan; <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak jagung; dan <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak kelapa. Larva ikan nila, <em>Oreochromis niloticus </em>berumur 3 hari ditebar dalam hapa kecil (volume 2,25 l) sebanyak 48 ekor/l, dan seluruh hapa diletakkan dalam akuarium berukuran 100x50x40 cm. <em>Daphnia</em> sp. diperkaya terlebih dahulu dengan minyak sesuai perlakuan sebelum diberikan ke larva. Pada minggu pertama pemeliharaan larva, ukuran <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang digunakan adalah </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Symbol;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"><span>£</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"> 0,5 mm dan pada minggu ke dua 0.6 – 1.0 mm. <em>Daphnia</em> sp. diberikan sebanyak 5 kali dalam sehari secara <em>ad libitum</em> dan pemberian pakan dilakukan selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa kadar lemak <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak lebih tinggi dari <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang tidak diperkaya, dan hal ini berpengaruh pula pada kadar lemak tubuh larva. Kadar asam lemak –n3 tertinggi terdapat pada <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak ikan dan kadar asam lemak –n6 tertinggi terdapat pada <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak jagung. Larva yang diberi <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya dengan minyak mempunyai pertambahan bobot relatif dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang lebih tinggi dari larva yang diberi <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang tidak diperkaya; dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva yang tertinggi dihasilkan oleh perlakuan pemberian <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak jagung (P &lt; 0,05), walaupun pertumbuhan bobot relatifnya sama dengan perlakuan lainnya (<em>p</em> &gt; 0,05).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Kata kunci : <em>Daphnia</em> sp., pengkayaan, larva, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em></span></p>

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