scholarly journals Entamoeba histolytica Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) Agents that Infect Humans and Some Other Mammals: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Junaidi Junaidi ◽  
Umi Cahyaningsih ◽  
Trioso Purnawarman ◽  
Hadri Latif ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Tropical Diseases

Amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is an important issue in world public health because it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Entamoeba histolytica is the only species of its genus that commonly causes mild irritation, injury, to inflammation of the walls of the colon and cecum. In some cases, parasites also invade other organs, especially the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. Methods: Our article search uses the help of four search engines namely Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer. Results: Entamoeba histolytica is not easily transmitted from animals to humans, due to the fact that this parasite rarely encysts in the intestinal lumen of animals which is an important factor in the transmission of this parasite. And conversely, subclinical amebiasis in humans acts as the dominant host for transmission of this parasite either from human to human or from human to animal.

The Latin America and the Caribbean search strategy proposal

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloy F. Ruiz ◽  
Alvaro Proaño ◽  
Diego Proaño ◽  
Junior Smith Torres-Román ◽  
J. Jaime Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Public Health Literature

Latin America and the Caribbean’s public health literature is not widely recognized. Science in this region has even been compared to a night sky with just a few specks of light. To make those lights as reachable as possible, we developed the Latin America and the Caribbean Search Strategy (LACSS). This is a new method to utilize our region’s health promotion results within MEDLINE/PubMed. In contrast to a typical MeSH query, LACSS retrieves up to six times more publication results regarding non-communicable diseases, neglected tropical diseases, injuries and other important public health relevant topics in the region. We believe that global health promotion will be improved in this region by improving its visibility, and this search strategy will contribute to this.

scholarly journals Can we eradicate trachoma? A survey of stakeholders

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-315815
Author(s):  
Catherine E Oldenburg ◽  
Solomon Aragie ◽  
Abdou Amza ◽  
Anthony W Solomon ◽  
Jessica Brogdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Global Eradication

Background/AimsAlthough tremendous progress towards the 2020 goal of global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem has been made, it will not be achieved. Future targets are now being considered. One option is changing the goal to eradication. We surveyed trachoma experts to assess beliefs related to trachoma eradication and determine perceived obstacles to achieving it.MethodsWe conducted a survey at the beginning of a trachoma eradication session at the 2019 Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases meeting in National Harbor, Maryland, USA. We asked respondents what the most important goal of azithromycin mass drug administration was for trachoma (control, elimination of infection or eradication) and if and when they believed trachoma eradication would occur. We then asked what the biggest obstacles were to global eradication.ResultsFifty-six surveys were returned (95%). Most (91%) participants reported that the most important goal of azithromycin mass drug administration was control or elimination of infection, and 24% of participants reported that global eradication was not possible. Of the 76% who reported a year by which they believed trachoma could be eradicated, most fell between 2040 and 2050. Commonly cited barriers to global eradication included lack of surveillance tools to confirm eradication or monitor for infection recrudescence (32%) and lack of resources (23%).ConclusionsDevelopment of alternative indicators for trachoma surveillance and continued investment in trachoma programmes, particularly focused support in the most heavily affected populations, might increase enthusiasm for the feasibility of eradication.

scholarly journals General Molecular Strategy for Development of Arenavirus Live-Attenuated Vaccines

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (23) ◽  
pp. 12166-12177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Iwasaki ◽  
Nhi Ngo ◽  
Beatrice Cubitt ◽  
John R. Teijaro ◽  
Juan C. de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Genome Segment ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Important Public Health

ABSTRACTHemorrhagic fever arenaviruses (HFA) pose important public health problems in regions where they are endemic. Thus, Lassa virus (LASV) infects several hundred thousand individuals yearly in West Africa, causing a large number of Lassa fever cases associated with high morbidity and mortality. Concerns about human-pathogenic arenaviruses are exacerbated because of the lack of FDA-licensed arenavirus vaccines and because current antiarenaviral therapy is limited to an off-label use of ribavirin that is only partially effective. The Mopeia virus (MOPV)/LASV reassortant (ML29) is a LASV candidate live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) that has shown promising results in animal models. Nevertheless, the mechanism of ML29 attenuation remains unknown, which raises concerns about the phenotypic stability of ML29 in response to additional mutations. Development of LAVs based on well-defined molecular mechanisms of attenuation will represent a major step in combatting HFA. We used the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) to develop a general molecular strategy for arenavirus attenuation. Our approach involved replacement of the noncoding intergenic region (IGR) of the L genome segment with the IGR of the S genome segment to generate a recombinant LCMV, rLCMV(IGR/S-S), that was highly attenuatedin vivobut induced protection against a lethal challenge with wild-type LCMV. Attenuation of rLCMV(IGR/S-S) was associated with a stable reorganization of the control of viral gene expression. This strategy can facilitate the rapid development of LAVs with the antigenic composition of the parental HFA and a mechanism of attenuation that minimizes concerns about increased virulence that could be caused by genetic changes in the LAV.IMPORTANCEHemorrhagic fever arenaviruses (HFA) cause high morbidity and mortality, and pose important public health problems in the regions where they are endemic. Implementation of live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) will represent a major step in combatting HFA. Here we have used the prototypic arenavirus LCMV to document a general molecular strategy for arenavirus attenuation that can facilitate the rapid development of safe and effective, as well as stable, LAV to combat HFA.

scholarly journals New Contributions to the Elimination of Chagas Disease as a Public Health Problem: Towards the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jorg Heukelbach ◽  
Andréa Silvestre de Sousa ◽  
Alberto Novaes Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
First Time

Despite being described for the first time more than 110 years ago, Chagas disease persists as one of the most neglected tropical diseases [...]

scholarly journals Whether soil-transmitted helminthiases elimination is feasible within framework of WHO 40 programme on neglected tropical diseases implementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
S. K Litvinov ◽  
E. N Morozov ◽  
K. Yu Kuznetsova ◽  
E. N Zhirenkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Weakest Link

The authors critically consider the feasibility of the elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiases as the public health problem within the framework of recently established WHO programme "Neglected tropical diseases". This objective proposed by the programme seems to be rather questionable due to practically complete lack of use so called sanitary and helmintological approach, which has been successfully and effectively utilized in our country in control of ascariasis and trichocephaliasis. The weakest link in achieving this ambitious goal is the almost complete disregard for health helminthology approaches, the importance and high effectiveness of which has been demonstrated in the our country in the processs of the ascariasis and trichuriasis control. The possibility of elimination of geohelminthiases without the use of these approaches seems to be very doubtful.

scholarly journals CURRENCY NOTES AND ASSOCIATED RISK OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES: STUDY ON THE NIGERIAN NAIRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Ukpong Iniodu George ◽  
Joshua Esther Ifenyinwa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hookworm Ova

Currency notes could play a role in the transmission of faeco-oral pathogens. This study aimed at identifying the possible role of the Nigerian Naira in the transmission of some neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and the implication on their intervention and control in Nigeria. Method: 250 samples of all denominations of mint, dirty and mutilated Naira notes were examined for presence of parasites using the rinse method. Result: 58.4% of notes were contaminated with 161 cysts and ova of a protozoan (45.3%) and helminths (54.7%): Entamoeba histolytica cysts (43.7%), Enterobius vermicularis ova (5.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides ova (34.7%) and Hookworm ova (12.6%). Parasite contamination was independent of currency denomination (X2 =45.4; P=0.05). Mutilated notes harboured more parasites (51.5%) than dirty notes (44.9%). Mint notes had zero contamination. This was statistically significant (X2 =5.6; P<0.05). Polymer notes were more contaminated (51.37%) than paper notes. This study has identified a public health risk and the potential role of the Naira notes in the epidemiology of some NTDs in the study area. Public education on the health implications of the abuse of the Naira, beyond reasons of patriotism is required now. The Central Bank should ensure quick withdrawal of mutilated notes from circulation.

Agents of Bioterrorism

2012 ◽  
pp. 525-536
Author(s):  
Mark P. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
The Cost

Biological agents suitable for use as bioweapons can in many cases be produced and developed in small facilities at relatively modest expense. The human devastation that could be caused by certain biologic agents can rival that of a nuclear device at a small fraction of the cost. Organisms and biotoxins are colorless, odorless, and invisible and have potential for dissemination over a large geographic area. Attacks are difficult to detect before presentation of initial clinical cases. They have the potential to cause high morbidity and mortality, incite panic (creating additional “psychological casualties”). Person-to-person transmission is possible and illness is often difficult to diagnose or treat. The incubation period usually allows escape of the perpetrator. Morbidity and mortality are unpredictable because they vary with agent delivery, environmental conditions, and the public health response. Specific bioterrorism agents and their effects are reviewed.

Tuberculous meningitis in Turkish children: an evaluation of 38 cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ertekin ◽  
H Alp ◽  
S Altinkaynak ◽  
M A Selimogğlu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meningitis In Children

Thirty-eight cases of tuberculous meningitis in children were studied. Mortality was 28.9%; most of these presented with stage III disease. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) still ranks as one of the most important communicable diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. It is universally fatal if not treated and has high morbidity and mortality, if not recognized early. According to WHO's data, 1.3 million new TB cases under 15 year olds were reported. In Turkey, the TB prevalence is 0.4 %. According to data from the Turkish Ministry of Health, the number of admissions to hospitals dropped from 108 per 100,000 in 1971 to 51 per 10,000 in 1988. Early diagnosis and treatment of TBM are essential in order to prevent late sequelas and death. The diagnosis of TBM may be delayed because many patients initially have vague, seemingly minor, signs and symptoms. In this study, the clinical and laboratory findings of 38 patients with the diagnosis of TBM in our hospital were reviewed, retrospectively, during the past five years. Our purpose was to stress the importance of TBM as a public health problem in Turkey, particularly in the Eastern of Turkey.

A Survey of Antiviral Drugs for Bioweapons

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Goff ◽  
Jason Paragas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
National Security ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Chemical Structures

Smallpox (variola major), and the haemorrhagic fever viruses (filoviruses and arenaviruses) are classified as Category A biowarfare agents by the Centers for Disease Control. Category A agents pose a significant risk to public health and national security because they can be easily disseminated by aerosol, although with the exception of variola, they are not easily transmitted from person to person. An attack with these viruses would result in high morbidity and mortality and cause widespread panic. With the exception of smallpox and Argentine haemorrhagic fever virus, there are no vaccines or approved treatments to protect against these diseases. In this review we focus on promising prophylactic, therapeutic and disease modulating drugs (see Figure 1 for select chemical structures).

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