scholarly journals Cerebral palsy risk factors: international experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 08006
Author(s):  
Raushan Issayeva ◽  
Aigerim Aliakparova ◽  
Symbat Abzaliyeva ◽  
Gulzhan Kassenova ◽  
Gulnara Tashenova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Exact Etiology ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
Post Infectious

This review article aims to outline several risk factors for the Cerebral Palsy (CP) development worldwide. CP is the most prevalent disabling condition in children that imposes a significant socio-economical responsibility on the system of the health care. Despite a solid body of extant research, the exact etiology of CP remains unknown. There are several risk factors that may be triggering CP development at pre-, intra- and postnatal periods, particularly, gestational age, birth weight, mother's health, placental abnormalities, thrombophillia, asphyxia, brain ischemia and multiple pregnancies. According to extant literature, the majority of CP cases develop within antenatal period in high-income countries. Contrastingly, in developing countries, there is a slightly higher proportion of a postnatally acquired CP cases linked to post-infectious brain damage following meningitis, septicaemia, as well as other conditions, such as malaria. However, these studies were of a small size and not case-controlled or population-based, which significantly curtails the results and underestimating the real picture. With very small number of survivors of early preterm, common risk factors identified to be the maternal rhesus allergenic immunization and birth asphyxia, or hereditary diseases, such as dehydrogenase of glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD) deficiency and encephalopathy of subsequent bilirubin. According to standardized data from international surveillance programs, important risk factors are strongly associated with CP development in most countries.

scholarly journals Clinical features and aetiology of cerebral palsy in children from Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseline Duke ◽  
Chimaeze Torty ◽  
Kennedy Nwachukwu ◽  
Soter Ameh ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
System Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Level 1

ObjectiveThere are few studies on cerebral palsy (CP) in African children and our study aimed to describe the aetiology, characteristics and severity of CP in children from Nigeria.DesignA population-based study using key informant methodology (KIM) was conducted as part of a clinical research trial. Children aged 4–15 years were clinically assessed for CP.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of CP using KIM was 2.3/1000 children (95% CI 2.0 to 2.5/1000). 388 children were diagnosed with CP, with Gross Motor Function Classification System level 1 in 70 (18.1%), II in 156 (40.2%), III in 54 (13.9%), IV in 54 (13.9%), V in 54 (13.9%). 300/388 (77.3%) had Manual Ability Classification Scale of level 1–3 and 88 (22.7%) of level 4–5. CP types were spastic in 271 (70%), with 60% of these bilateral and 40% unilateral, ataxic 38 (9.8%), dystonic 18 (4.6%), choreoathetoid 29 (7.5%) and unclassifiable 32 (8.3%). Postneonatal risk factors for CP were seen in 140 (36.1%) children including malaria with seizures 101/140 (72.1%), malaria with coma 21/140 (15.0%), meningitis 12/140 (8.6%), tuberculosis 2/140 (1.4%), sickle cell disease 3/140 (2.2%), HIV 1/221 (0.7%). Prenatal/perinatal risk factors were seen in 248 (63.9%%), birth asphyxia 118 (47.6%) and clinical congenital rubella syndrome 8 (3.3%) and hyperbilirubinaemia 59 (23.8%) were identified as preventable risk factors for CP.ConclusionThe profile of CP in this population is similar to that found in other low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). Some risk factors identified were preventable. Prevention and management strategies for CP designed for LMIC are needed.

scholarly journals Hemiplegic (unilateral) cerebral palsy in northern Stockholm: clinical assessment, brain imaging, EEG, epilepsy and aetiologic background factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Tillberg ◽  
Bengt Isberg ◽  
Jonas K. E. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to describe clinical presentation, epilepsy, EEG, extent and site of the underlying cerebral lesion with special reference towards aetiologic background factors in a population-based group of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods Forty-seven children of school- age, fulfilling the SPCE (Surveillance of Cerebral palsy in Europe)-criteria of hemiplegic cerebral palsy, identified via the Swedish cerebral palsy register, were invited and asked to participate in the study. Results Fifteen boys and six girls participated. Of the sixteen children born at term, five had no risk factors for cerebral palsy. Two out of five preterm children presented additional risk factors. Debut of motor impairment was observed in the first year of life in sixteen children. Age at diagnosis varied from 2 months to 6 years. Epilepsy was common and associated with grey- and white matter injury. Conclusions Recognizing the importance of risk factors for cerebral palsy, any child with these risk factors should be offered a check-up by a paediatrician or a paediatric neurologist. Thereby reducing diagnostic delay. Epilepsy is common in hemiplegic cerebral palsy and associated with grey- and white matter injury in this cohort.

Birth Incidence of Cerebral Palsy in Tripoli, Libya: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ahmed Atia ◽  
Aya Abogrein ◽  
Maram Alssoghaiar ◽  
Mawada Akroush ◽  
Mawada Alsagheer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Background Population

Background: Population-based data in Libya on prevalence of cerebral palsy are limited. This study aimed to assess trends in cerebral palsy among infancy or premature attending pediatric hospitals in Tripoli city, Libya. Methods: In this population-based study, a cross-sectional method was used to screen for cerebral palsy at the department of pediatrics in both Tripoli University Hospital, and Tripoli Pediatric Hospital during the period from march to December 2019. Specialist physicians confirmed the diagnosis, obtained family history, and determined the subtype and main causes. Results: Out of 200 suspected patients, 64 of them were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Incidence rate was 32%. Male children (n=33, 51.6%) were more affected than female (n=31, 48.4%). Regarding the mode of delivery, 34(53.1%) of patients were delivered normally by vaginal delivery, while 30(46.9%) of cases delivered by caesarian section. There were 9(14.1%) of cases preterm birth, whereas, most of the cases were full term 55(85.9%). Birth asphyxia was reported in 34 (53.1%) of cases. A total of 17(26.6%) of cases had genetic cause, 8(12.5%) of cases had history of neonatal infection (e.g. meningitis, congenital toxoplasmosis, pneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis), and 5(7.8%) of cases had other disorders including hyperthermia and asphyxia at late age. Conclusion: Given enhancements in neonatal survival, evidence of stability of cerebral palsy prevalence is encouraging. The persistence of higher cerebral palsy prevalence among children in Libya over time warrants further investigation.

Cerebral palsy in term infants: a population-based case-control study of infectious antenatal and intrapartal risk factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. S154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jacobsson ◽  
Kristina Ahlin ◽  
Gudrun Hagberg ◽  
Bengt Hagberg ◽  
Ulla-Britt Wennerholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Aetiology and comorbidities of cerebral palsy in a developing country

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komomo I. Eyong ◽  
Asindi A. Asindi ◽  
Chimaeze Torty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common disabling condition of movement and posture causing activity limitation arising from a static injury to the developing brain. Common risk factors for cerebral palsy in Africa include severe birth asphyxia, kernicterus and neonatal infections. This study is aimed at determining the aetiology and comorbidities associated with cerebral palsy in our environment.Methods: All children with CP presenting to the Paediatric Neurology clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital whose parent gave consent were recruited into the study. The biodata of the children and that of the parent’s/ care givers were obtained. A detailed pregnancy and delivery history, neonatal history, seizures during first three years of life and developmental mile stones was documented.Results: Seventy children with CP were recruited into the study of which 46 (65.7%) were males and 24 (34.3%) females. Majority of the children were from low social class and products of home, church or TBA’S delivery where supervision is poor. Severe birth asphyxia and CNS infections are the commonest identified risk factors. Spastic quadriplegic CP is the dominant type of CP followed by spastic hemiplegia. There is a significant statistical relationship between the aetiology and the type of CP. Epilepsy (60%) speech defect (42.9%) and microcephaly (40%) are the predominant comorbidities seen in the study. Cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation are predominant CT findings in contrast to periventricular leukomalecia seen in developed countries.Conclusions: Majority of the patients with CP in this study are from low social class and were delivered in places with poor obstetrics care. Improved perinatal care through an adequate social support system may reduce the burden of the disease.

scholarly journals A Population-Based Surveillance Study on the Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in Estonia

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kairi Mansberg ◽  
Karin Kull ◽  
Riina Salupere ◽  
Tiina Prükk ◽  
Benno Margus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Background and objective: The hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients serve as a reservoir for transmission of the disease to others and are at risk of developing chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the epidemiological data of high rate HCV infection have been obtained in many countries, such data are insufficient in Estonia. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze country-specific data on HCV patients. Materials and methods: Data about age, gender, diagnosis, possible risk factors, coinfections, HCV genotypes, liver fibrosis stages and extrahepatic manifestations were collected from 518 patients. Results: The most common risk factors for hepatitis C were injection drug use and tattooing in the 30–39 and 40–49 year age groups, and blood transfusion in the 50–59 and 60–69 year age groups. The other risk factors established were profession-related factors and sexual contact. The prevailing viral genotype among the HCV infected patients was genotype 1 (69% of the patients) followed by genotype 3 (25%). Genotypes 1 and 3 correlated with blood transfusions before 1994, drug injections and tattooing. Conclusions: Our study provides the best representation of genotype distribution across Estonia. As a result of the study, valuable data has been collected on hepatitis C patients in Estonia.

scholarly journals Prevention of Hypertension in Bangladesh: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin Biswas ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Anwar Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Hypertension Prevention ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Hypertension is a major public health problemglobally in both the developed and developing countries. Hypertension leads to cardiovascular diseases, stroke, kidney failure and is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. The risk factors for hypertension, which can mostly be prevented through simple health promotion and preventive measures are mostly known. However, papers documenting the strategies for prevention of hypertension in Bangladesh is not available. The aim of this review study was to identify and discuss different approaches to prevent hypertension in Bangladesh. We performed a systematic search using electronic as well as manual method for published and unpublished reports of prevention of hypertension. We then identified and discussed prevention strategies for hypertension suitable for Bangladesh context. Although several methods have shown to prevent hypertension, the challenge remains in implementing these methods in resource poor settings. Integrated action based on comprehensive policy and stepwise implementation should be adopted taking into consideration of local needs. Hypertension prevention should focus on awareness generation, health promotion and reduction of common risk factors using a combination of population based approach and targeted individual interventions. Consorted actions should be taken as a priority to prevent hypertension through intersectoral, multidisciplinary and multilevel approach by the Government, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), civil societies and create greater awareness among the population for a healthy life-style.J MEDICINE January 2016; 17 (1) : 30-35

Temporal Patterns of Hospital Admissions for Transient Ischemic Attack: A Retrospective Population-based Study in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Manfredini ◽  
Fabio Manfredini ◽  
Benedetta Boari ◽  
Anna Maria Malagoni ◽  
Susanna Gamberini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Acute cerebrovascular events are not randomly distributed over time but show specific temporal patterns of occurrence. However, most studies focused stroke and little is known about transient ischemic attack. This study aimed to explore the existence of a temporal pattern of transient ischemic attack and the possible influence by the most common risk factors. The analysis included all hospital admissions with the ICD9-CM code for TIA, recorded in the database of the Emilia Romagna region of Italy (1998-2006; n = 43642, mean age 76.8 ± 11.5 years, 45.5% males). Transient ischemic attack was most frequent in autumn and winter and less common in spring and summer (P < 0.0001), with the highest number of cases in October and the lowest in February, and also most frequent on Monday (P < 0.0001). This study shows a seasonal and weekly pattern in occurrence of transient ischemic attack, independent of sex and the presence of the most common risk factors.

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