scholarly journals A Population-Based Surveillance Study on the Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in Estonia

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kairi Mansberg ◽  
Karin Kull ◽  
Riina Salupere ◽  
Tiina Prükk ◽  
Benno Margus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Background and objective: The hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients serve as a reservoir for transmission of the disease to others and are at risk of developing chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the epidemiological data of high rate HCV infection have been obtained in many countries, such data are insufficient in Estonia. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze country-specific data on HCV patients. Materials and methods: Data about age, gender, diagnosis, possible risk factors, coinfections, HCV genotypes, liver fibrosis stages and extrahepatic manifestations were collected from 518 patients. Results: The most common risk factors for hepatitis C were injection drug use and tattooing in the 30–39 and 40–49 year age groups, and blood transfusion in the 50–59 and 60–69 year age groups. The other risk factors established were profession-related factors and sexual contact. The prevailing viral genotype among the HCV infected patients was genotype 1 (69% of the patients) followed by genotype 3 (25%). Genotypes 1 and 3 correlated with blood transfusions before 1994, drug injections and tattooing. Conclusions: Our study provides the best representation of genotype distribution across Estonia. As a result of the study, valuable data has been collected on hepatitis C patients in Estonia.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Genotype Distribution in Kermanshah Province, Western Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Reza Hatami-Moghadam ◽  
Reza Alibakhshi ◽  
Babak Sayyad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype

<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;" lang="EN-US">Six major hepatitis C virus genotypes have been characterized, which vary in their geographical distribution. Knowledge of the distribution of various genotypes is essential for successful future research, treatment and control strategies. In this study, the distribution of HCV genotypes and their association with possible risk factors in a group of HCV infected patients from Kermanshah province of Iran was investigated. HCV viral load test by Real time- PCR method was used for diagnosis of infected cases. The genotypes of cases were revealed using Nested- and Multiplex-PCR and with direct sequencing results were confirmed. Risk factors were also recorded and a multivariate analysis was performed. Among 180 infected people, 138 (76.6%) with 3a genotype, 35 (19.4%) with 1a genotype, 3 (1.7%) with 1b genotype and 4 (2.2%) with 3a and 1b were determined. HCV was transmitted by different routes such as intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), tattooing, sexual, blood transfusion and other risk factors. IVDA and sex are the main risk factors in the men and women, respectively. However, 3a is the predominant genotype in the all groups. This study revealed that 3a is the most prevalent genotypes in Kermanshah province.</span></p>

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Village in Northeastern Romania—A Population-Based Screening—The First Step to Viral Micro-Elimination

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Laura Huiban ◽  
Carol Stanciu ◽  
Cristina Maria Muzica ◽  
Tudor Cuciureanu ◽  
Stefan Chiriac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Virus Eradication ◽  
Tertiary Center

(1) Background: The World Health Organization adopted a strategy for the Global Health Sector on Viral Hepatitis in 2016, with the main objective of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HCV infection and risk factors in a Romanian village using population-based screening as part of the global C virus eradication program. (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective study from March 2019 to February 2020, based on a strategy as part of a project designed to educate, screen, treat and eliminate HCV infection in all adults in a village located in Northeastern Romania. (3) Results: In total, 3507 subjects were invited to be screened by rapid diagnostic orientation tests (RDOT). Overall, 2945 (84%) subjects were tested, out of whom 78 (2.64%) were found to have positive HCV antibodies and were scheduled for further evaluation in a tertiary center of gastroenterology/hepatology in order to be linked to care. In total, 66 (85%) subjects presented for evaluation and 55 (83%) had detectable HCV RNA. Of these, 54 (98%) completed antiviral treatment and 53 (99%) obtained a sustained virological response. (4) Conclusions: The elimination of hepatitis C worldwide has a higher chance of success if micro-elimination strategies based on mass screening are adopted.

scholarly journals Neisseria meningitidis carriage and risk factors among teenagers in Suizhou city in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Hong mei Yang ◽  
Guo ming Li ◽  
Bing qing Zhu ◽  
Yating Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Carriage Rate

Abstract Teenagers are important carriers of Neisseria meningitidis, which is a leading cause of invasive meningococcal disease. In China, the carriage rate and risk factors among teenagers are unclear. The present study presents a retrospective analysis of epidemiological data for N. meningitidis carriage from 2013 to 2017 in Suizhou city, China. The carriage rates were 3.26%, 2.22%, 3.33%, 3.53% and 9.88% for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. From 2014 to 2017, the carriage rate in the 15- to 19-year-old age group (teenagers) was the highest and significantly higher than that in remain age groups. Subsequently, a larger scale survey (December 2017) for carriage rate and relative risk factors (population density, time spent in the classroom, gender and antibiotics use) were investigated on the teenagers (15- to 19-year-old age) at the same school. The carriage rate was still high at 33.48% (223/663) and varied greatly from 6.56% to 52.94% in a different class. Population density of the classroom was found to be a significant risk factor for carriage, and 1.4 persons/m2 is recommended as the maximum classroom density. Further, higher male gender ratio and more time spent in the classroom were also significantly associated with higher carriage. Finally, antibiotic use was associated with a significantly lower carriage rate. All the results imply that attention should be paid to the teenagers and various measures can be taken to reduce the N. meningitidis carriage, to prevent and control the outbreak of IMD.

scholarly journals A population-based exposure assessment of risk factors associated with gastrointestinal pathogens: a Campylobacter study

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 976-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. MacRITCHIE ◽  
C. J. HUNTER ◽  
N. J. C. STRACHAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Elevated Exposure

SUMMARYA questionnaire survey was undertaken to determine the exposure of a study population to campylobacteriosis source risk factors (environmental, water, food) and results were stratified by age, population density and deprivation. Data were gathered using an exposure assessment carried out by telephone in the Grampian region of Scotland. Univariate analysis showed that children aged 5–14 years, living in low population density (0–44·4 persons/km2) and affluent areas had elevated exposure to environmental and water risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age groups and lower population density were significant indicators for most environmental risk factors. The results compared to reported disease incidence in Grampian showed that greater exposure to risk factors does not necessarily coincide with greater disease incidence for age groups, particularly for the 0–4 years age group. Further research is required to explain the relationship between exposure and disease incidence.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEPATITIS C IN A WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON STATE

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Deus VIEIRA ◽  
Cledson Gonçalves VENTURA ◽  
Camila Maciel de SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The One ◽  
Disease Exposure

Context Hepatitis C causes a major impact on public health due to the high prevalence in the population. Objectives Evaluate the epidemiological data of hepatitis C in the State of Rondônia, Brazil. Methods Data from hepatitis C were analyzed during the period 2002 to 2012, assigned by the Agency for Sanitary Vigilance of the State of Rondônia. The variables studied were: year of diagnosis, gender, age, associated disease, exposure to risk factors and clinical presentation. Results Eight hundred fifty-nine cases were reported during the study period. Of this total, 542 (63.1%) cases were male. In relation to age group, the one with the highest number of cases was between 40-59 years (54%), followed by 20-39 years (33.5%). In relation to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) association, 1.8% of patients had HIV and 2.1% other type of sexually transmitted disease. About exposure to risk factors, 288 (28.1%) individuals were exposed to a surgical procedure. Was also analyzed the clinical form of the disease, 9.9% are in acute disease and 91.1% in the chronic phase. Conclusions In the State of Rondônia, hepatitis C had a mean annual incidence of 5.1 cases/100,000 inhabitants, similar to the national rate.

scholarly journals Age-Related Risk Factors and Complications of Patients With COVID-19: A Population-Based Retrospective Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yingying Wu ◽  
Yuqing He ◽  
Xingyuan Liu ◽  
Mingqian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Objective: To study the differences in clinical characteristics, risk factors, and complications across age-groups among the inpatients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this population-based retrospective study, we included all the positive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Wuhan City from December 29, 2019 to April 15, 2020, during the first pandemic wave. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for death from COVID-19. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to study the associations between comorbidities and complications.Results: There are 36,358 patients in the final cohort, of whom 2,492 (6.85%) died. Greater age (odds ration [OR] = 1.061 [95% CI 1.057–1.065], p &lt; 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.726 [95% CI 1.582–1.885], p &lt; 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.558 [95% CI 1.355–1.786], p &lt; 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.326 [95% CI 1.055–1.652], p = 0.014), hypertension (OR = 1.175 [95% CI 1.067–1.293], p = 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.258 [95% CI 1.118–1.413], p &lt; 0.001), cancer (OR = 1.86 [95% CI 1.507–2.279], p &lt; 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.745 [95% CI 1.427–2.12], p &lt; 0.001), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.96 [95% CI 1.323–2.846], p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for death from COVID-19. Patients aged 40–80 years make up the majority of the whole patients, and them had similar risk factors with the whole patients. For patients aged &lt;40 years, only cancer (OR = 17.112 [95% CI 6.264–39.73], p &lt; 0.001) and ICH (OR = 31.538 [95% CI 5.213–158.787], p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of death. For patients aged &gt;80 years, only age (OR = 1.033 [95% CI 1.008–1.059], p = 0.01) and male gender (OR = 1.585 [95% CI 1.301–1.933], p &lt; 0.001) were associated with higher odds of death. The incidence of most complications increases with age, but arrhythmias, gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis were more common in younger deceased patients with COVID-19, with only arrhythmia reaching statistical difference (p = 0.039). We found a relatively poor correlation between preexisting risk factors and complications.Conclusions: Coronavirus disease 2019 are disproportionally affected by age for its clinical manifestations, risk factors, complications, and outcomes. Prior complications have little effect on the incidence of extrapulmonary complications.

scholarly journals Chronic hepatitis C in Austria, 1992–2006: genotype distribution and demographic factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maieron ◽  
S Metz-Gercek ◽  
F Hackl ◽  
C Luger ◽  
A Ziachehabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Upper Austria

Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease and, with a worldwide prevalence of up to 3%, is a pandemic infectious disease. Austria, like most western European countries can be considered as a low prevalence country. This analysis aimed to assess the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in patients with chronic HCV infection in Upper Austria. Between September 1992 and December 2006, we identified 1,318 consecutive patients who tested positive for HCV RNA. Genotyping was routinely performed in 1,239 of the 1,318 patients, and in a subgroup of 617 patients data on the source of transmission were collected. Additionally we obtained data on liver histology and body mass index in a subsample of 273 of the 617 patients. Hepatitis C genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and co-infections were found in 80.4%, 4.5%, 12.3%, 2.7%, 0.1% and 0.2% of the patients, respectively. There was a highly significant age difference in relation to gender at the time of diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C, with women being older than men (men: 45.0 years; women: 49.3 years; p<0.0001). The number of new cases of chronic hepatitis C decreased substantially over the last decade, but although risk factors for obtaining HCV are well established, we did not find a decrease in the age of first diagnosis. Besides consistent screening in defined risk groups it is important to raise awareness for risk factors for HCV acquisition and liver disease progression.

scholarly journals Distribution and Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Cervical Specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Erkan Özmen ◽  
Ülkü Altoparlak ◽  
Muhammet Hamidullah Uyanık ◽  
Abdulkadir Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hpv Types

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is frequently a sexually transmitted virus and can cause cervical cancer in women. Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among the developing countries. In this study, cervical HPV DNA positivity and genotype distributions were investigated in female patients living in our region and the results were compared with different studies. Materials and Methods: Between 1 July, 2017 and 1 March, 2019, 433 cervical swabs were sent to Ataturk University, Medical Faculty Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory due to suspicion of HPV. Swab samples were evaluated for HPV virus using molecular (Polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR) methods. For this purpose, Xpert HPV Test (Cepheid, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA) was used to identify HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 t in a single sample. Results: Mean age of the patients ranged from 20 to 69 years, with a mean of 39.8 years (± 10.0). Positivity was detected in 62 of the 433 patients. Mean age of the positive patients was 40.2 years (± 11.3). When the positive patients were examined in terms of HPV types, the presence of HPV 16 was observed with a rate of 25.6%, while the HPV 18/45 types were found to be 9.0% in total. When patients were evaluated according to age groups, HPV DNA positivity was highest in the 25-34 age group with 38.7%. In our statistical study, there was no significant difference in HPV DNA positivity rate between the ages of 35 and under 35 years. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the prevalence and viral genotype distribution of HPV infection in women in Erzurum region. HPV type 16 is seen with a high rate in our region.

scholarly journals Association Between Subconjunctival Hemorrhage and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A 14-Year Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Hao Chiang ◽  
Jung-Nien Lai ◽  
Yun-Chi Chiang ◽  
Kai-Chieh Hu ◽  
Min-Yen Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Purpose: Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is usually a benign ocular disorder that causes painless, redness under the conjunctiva. However, since SCH and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) share many vascular risk factors, studies have suggested that these two disorders may be significantly associated with each other, and evaluate the concomitance of ACS in patients with SCH.Methods: This population-based cohort study, enrolled 35,260 Taiwanese patients, and used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with ACS and SCH. Outcomes were compared between the with and without SCH groups. The study population was followed until the date of ACS onset, the date of withdrawal, death, or December 31st 2013, whichever came first.Results: Of the 85,925 patients identified with SCH between 1996 and 2013, 68,295 were excluded based on the study's exclusion criteria, and a total of 17,630 patients with SCH who were diagnosed by ophthalmologists between 2000 and 2012 were eligible for analysis. After 1:1 propensity score matching for 5-year age groups, gender, and the index year, the results showed that SCH was more common in the 40–59 age group (53.82%) and females (58.66%). As for the ACS-related risk factors, patients with diabetes mellitus (aHR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.38, 1.81]), hypertension (aHR = 1.71, 95% CI = [1.49, 1.96]) and patients taking aspirin (aHR = 1.67, 95% CI = [1.47, 1.90]) had a notably higher risk of ACS. However, it was found that there were no significant differences in the occurrence of ACS between the non-SCH and SCH patients.Conclusion: This results of this study regarding the risk factors and epidemiology of SCH and ACS were in keeping with previously reported findings. However, the results revealed no significant association between SCH and ACS.

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