scholarly journals Residential buildings with heat pumps peak power reduction with high performance insulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 12008
Author(s):  
Henri Sarevet ◽  
Jevgeni Fadejev ◽  
Martin Thalfeldt ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Use

Revised EPBD directive has set ambitious targets for nearly zero energy buildings. In residential buildings, energy performance can be improved mainly by applying better insulation of building fabric and by efficient energy sources, i.e. heat pumps. Electricity use and peak powers will increase when heat pumps, both air to water and ground source heat pumps, are used for heat source in new residential buildings compared to heating solutions that do not use electricity. The purpose of this study was to determine how much the high performance thermal insulation can compensate the increase of electricity use and peak power caused by extensive application of heat pumps in Finland residential buildings. The present study used five residential buildings that describe residential newbuild market. Finnish regulation defines minimum insulation level and high performance insulation level which were applied to single family houses, terraced house and apartment buildings to simulate electric power values all year round. Hourly electrical power values were simulated with dynamic simulation software IDA ICE. Results show that electricity use and peak powers are rising significantly when heat pumps are used, but better insulation level significantly decreases or even fully compensates the amount of additional electric power. The results can be used for the assesment of implications of extensive use of heat pumps to power grid.

scholarly journals The Effect of Deep Energy Retrofit on The Hourly Power Demand of Finnish Detached Houses

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Hirvonen ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Risto Kosonen
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Solar Electricity

This study examines how the energy renovation of old detached houses affects the hourly power consumption of heating and electricity in Finland. As electrification of heating through heat pumps becomes more common, the effects on the grid need to be quantified. Increased fluctuation and peak power demand could increase the need for fossil-based peaking power plants or call for new investments to the distribution infrastructure. The novelty in this study is the focus on hourly power demand instead of just annual energy consumption. Identifying the influence of building energy retrofits on the instantaneous power demand can help guide policy and investments into building retrofits and related technology. The work was done through dynamic building simulation and utilized building configurations obtained through multi-objective optimization. Deep energy retrofits decreased both the total and peak heating power consumption. However, the use of air-source heat pumps increased the peak power demand of electricity in district heated and wood heated buildings by as much as 100%. On the other hand, peak power demand in buildings with direct electric heating was reduced by 30 to 40%. On the building stock level, the demand reduction in buildings with direct electric heating could compensate for the increase in the share of buildings with ground-source heat pumps, so that the national peak electricity demand would not increase. This prevents the increase of demand for high emission peaking power plants as heat pump penetration rises. However, a use is needed for the excess solar electricity generated by the optimally retrofitted buildings, because much of the solar electricity cannot be utilized in the single-family houses during summer.

scholarly journals Redefining cost-optimal nZEB levels for new residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Simson ◽  
Endrik Arumägi ◽  
Kalle Kuusk ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Detached House

In the member states of the European Union (EU), nearly-Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) are becoming mandatory building practice in 2021. It is stated, that nZEB should be cost-optimal and the energy performance levels should be re-defined after every five years. We conducted cost-optimality analyses for two detached houses, one terraced house and one apartment building in Estonia. The analysis consisted on actual construction cost data collection based on bids of variable solutions for building envelope, air tightness, windows, heat supply systems and local renewable energy production options. For energy performance analysis we used dynamic simulation software IDA-ICE. To assess cost-effectiveness, we used Net Present Value (NPV) calculations with the assessment period of 30 years. The results for cost-optimal energy performance level for detached house with heated space of ~100 m2 was 79 kWh/(m2 a), for the larger house (~200 m2) 87 kWh/(m2 a), for terraced house with heated space of ~600 m2 71 kWh/(m2 a) and for the apartment building 103 kWh/(m2 a) of primary energy including all energy use with domestic appliances. Thus, the decrease in cost-optimal level in a five-year period was ~60% for the detached house and ~40% for the apartment building, corresponding to a shift in two EPC classes.

scholarly journals Evaluating the use of straw bales in achieving passive house certification (PHIUS+ 2015) in western Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Lubyk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Passive House ◽  
House Design ◽  
Straw Bale ◽  
Wall System

Achieving Passive House certification requires super insulation which can significantly raise the embodied energy and carbon footprint of a project, effectively front-end loading the climate impact, especially where petrochemical foam-based products are used. This research sought to evaluate the use of straw bales - a low embodied energy, carbon sequestering agricultural by-product - to achieve PHIUS+2015 certification. A straw bale wall system was adapted to a single-family detached reference house designed to meet the Passive House standard. The wall system was evaluated for applicability across three Western Canadian cities using WUFI Passive energy simulation software to evaluate compliance; thermal bridging and hygrothermal performance were also evaluated. It was found that the proposed straw bale wall assembly satisfied the PHIUS+ 2015 requirements in all three locations - Saskatoon, Calgary, and Kelowna - with only minor changes required to the reference house design. The annual heating demand and peak heating load, the two targets most sensitive to design changes, were, respectively, 4% and 8.6% below the target in Saskatoon, 63.1% and 21.3% below in Calgary, and 63.1% and 32.6% below in Kelowna. The research also revealed that maintaining a high degree of air tightness is essential for satisfying the requirements. Overall, this research demonstrates that straw bales can be a beneficial component in creating high performance enclosures without exacting a large embodied carbon footprint.

scholarly journals A European Database of Building Energy Profiles to Support the Design of Ground Source Heat Pumps

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Carnieletto ◽  
Borja Badenes ◽  
Marco Belliardi ◽  
Adriana Bernardi ◽  
Samantha Graci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Profiles ◽  
Ground Source

The design of ground source heat pumps is a fundamental step to ensure the high energy efficiency of heat pump systems throughout their operating years. To enhance the diffusion of ground source heat pump systems, two different tools are developed in the H2020 research project named, “Cheap GSHPs”: A design tool and a decision support system. In both cases, the energy demand of the buildings may not be calculated by the user. The main input data, to evaluate the size of the borehole heat exchangers, is the building energy demand. This paper presents a methodology to correlate energy demand, building typologies, and climatic conditions for different types of residential buildings. Rather than envelope properties, three insulation levels have been considered in different climatic conditions to set up a database of energy profiles. Analyzing European climatic test reference years, 23 locations have been considered. For each location, the overall energy and the mean hourly monthly energy profiles for heating and cooling have been calculated. Pre-calculated profiles are needed to size generation systems and, in particular, ground source heat pumps. For this reason, correlations based on the degree days for heating and cooling demand have been found in order to generalize the results for different buildings. These correlations depend on the Köppen–Geiger climate scale.

scholarly journals Energy analysis, numerical simulations and intervention proposals for a NZEB industrial building: the “Loccioni Leaf Lab” case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Ettore Stamponi ◽  
Nicola Lattanzi ◽  
Francesco Giorgini ◽  
Fabio Serpilli ◽  
Sergio Montelpare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Consumptions

The object of this paper is the “Loccioni Leaf Lab”, an industrial nZEB connected to a thermal and electric smart grid. Having nZEB buildings connected to a smart grid offers the possibility of maximizing the benefits that can be obtained by optimal regulation of the grid itself, providing excellent economic and energy results. The case study, which hosts offices and workers operating on test benches, features high performance envelope, solar photovoltaic systems, groundwater heat pumps and a hightechnology control and monitoring system. In order to analyse HVAC-related energy consumptions, the building was modelled using DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus software. The annual dynamic simulations for the assessment of building thermal-energy performance were carried out using available monitored weather data (2019). The model was validated according to ASHRAE guidelines, comparing the outputs of the software with data collected and stored by Company internal database. In the validation process, mean indoor air temperatures of several zones and heating and cooling energy consumptions were considered as key outputs. The validated model has then been used to suggest optimization strategies and to analyse the results obtained with proposed interventions in terms of energy saving.

ENHANCING THE DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES IN HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN DENSE URBAN TROPICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Nadeeka Jayaweera ◽  
Upendra Rajapaksha ◽  
Inoka Manthilake
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Building Model ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Shading Devices

ABSTRACT This study examines the daylight and energy performance of 27 external shading scenarios in a high-rise residential building in the urban tropics. The cooling energy, daytime lighting energy and the spatial daylight autonomy (sDA) of the building model were simulated in Rhino3D and Grasshopper simulation software. The best performance scenario (vertical and horizontal shading on the twentieth floor, horizontal shading only for the eleventh floor and no shading for the second floor) satisfied 75 sDA(300lx|50) with corresponding annual enery performance of 16%–20% in the cardinal directions. The baseline scenario, which is the current practice of providing balconies on all floors, reduced daylight to less than 75 sDA on the eleventh and second floor, even though it had higher annual enery performance (19%–24%) than the best performance scenario. Application of the design principles to a case study indicated that 58% of the spaces had over 75 sDA for both Baseline and Best performance scenarios, while an increase in enery performance of 1%–3% was found in the Best performance scenario compared to the Baseline.

Development of a Passive Cooling Panel for Residential Buildings, Integrated Into a Novel “Magnetic/PCM” Ground Coupled Flat Heat Pipe

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Gutierrez ◽  
Josean Aponte
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Reluctance Motor ◽  
Flat Heat Pipe

New perspectives for reducing heat and electricity consumption in building are emerging with innovative techniques such as highly insulating glazing and super insulated structures, utilization of solar energy, solar cells, hybrid ventilation solutions, energy efficient and demand-controlled ventilation, as well as integration of solutions, energy production in building. A relatively new innovation is the use of ground-source heat pumps that have become popular for both residential and commercial heating and cooling applications because of their higher energy efficiency compared to conventional systems. In this study, a flat heat pipe is proposed for using the enormous heat capacity of the soil as a heat sink to remove heat from the ambient, integrated the principal idea of a linear reluctance motor for the recirculation of the working fluid. Linear oscillating motors have a long history as rotary motors; but the complexity in the design and difficulties on their control limited the use of them. The motor consists of an iron bar, moving inside a coil. During the path of the iron bar an incremental force appears opposing the movement of the bar. For that reason, it is important to control the system and take advantage of that behavior. Reluctance motors can have high power density at a low cost, making them ideal for many applications. In this study, an implementation of the reluctance motor is proposed for using in a recirculation process of a passive cooling panel for residential buildings. Parametric studies are carried out to optimize the design parameters.

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