scholarly journals Energy analysis, numerical simulations and intervention proposals for a NZEB industrial building: the “Loccioni Leaf Lab” case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Ettore Stamponi ◽  
Nicola Lattanzi ◽  
Francesco Giorgini ◽  
Fabio Serpilli ◽  
Sergio Montelpare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Consumptions

The object of this paper is the “Loccioni Leaf Lab”, an industrial nZEB connected to a thermal and electric smart grid. Having nZEB buildings connected to a smart grid offers the possibility of maximizing the benefits that can be obtained by optimal regulation of the grid itself, providing excellent economic and energy results. The case study, which hosts offices and workers operating on test benches, features high performance envelope, solar photovoltaic systems, groundwater heat pumps and a hightechnology control and monitoring system. In order to analyse HVAC-related energy consumptions, the building was modelled using DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus software. The annual dynamic simulations for the assessment of building thermal-energy performance were carried out using available monitored weather data (2019). The model was validated according to ASHRAE guidelines, comparing the outputs of the software with data collected and stored by Company internal database. In the validation process, mean indoor air temperatures of several zones and heating and cooling energy consumptions were considered as key outputs. The validated model has then been used to suggest optimization strategies and to analyse the results obtained with proposed interventions in terms of energy saving.

350 Euston Road: Improving building performances and carbon footprint with innovative heating, ventilation and air conditioning solutions – A case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-662
Author(s):  
Phil Draper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Uk

This case study paper describes the advantages of how heat pumps with heat recovery worked to contribute to improving energy performance and reducing the carbon footprint of buildings, with a short payback, thus showing it is a viable technology for energy cost reduction and for improving the environmental impact of buildings within the UK. All actions were taken based on performance for both the current and the future expected needs of the building and are measured against a baseline. The research and results confirm that heat pumps with heat recovery are a viable solution for London office buildings offering an integrated approach to building heating and cooling. The project resulted in a final reduction of 62% on the base building controlled utilities (total building less occupier power). The added benefits will be around the carbon benefits that the resultant 86% reduction in gas will bring due to the gradual de-carbonisation of the electric energy production in the UK. Practical application: This paper illustrates how to utilise an existing building’s energy use data to determine how relatively simple technology can optimise the provision of simultaneous heating and cooling for comfort. It also details how modelled data can be used to allow the correct sizing of equipment to deliver both good internal comfort and low carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Defrosting of Air-Source Heat Pumps: Effect of Real Temperature Data on Seasonal Energy Performance for Different Locations in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8003
Author(s):  
Eugenia Rossi di Rossi di Schio ◽  
Vincenzo Ballerini ◽  
Matteo Dongellini ◽  
Paolo Valdiserri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Real Temperature

In this paper, dynamic simulations of the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) of Air-Source Heat Pumps will be presented by considering three different heat pump systems coupled with the same building located in three different Italian municipalities: S. Benedetto del Tronto (42°58′ North, 13°53′ East), Milan (45°28′ North, 9°10′ East), and Livigno (46°28′ North, 10°8′ East). Dynamic simulations were conducted by employing the software package TRNSYS and by considering real weather data (i.e., outdoor air temperature and humidity as well as solar radiation) referring to the three abovementioned cities for a period of 8 years (2013–2020) and collected from on-site weather stations. Attention has been paid to the modeling of the heat pump defrost cycles in order to evaluate their influence on the unit’s seasonal performance. Results show that, when referring to different years, the thermal energy demand displays huge variations (in some cases it can even double its value), while the effective SCOP is characterized by scarce variability. Sensible variations in SCOP values are achieved for Livigno.

scholarly journals Numerical Evaluation of a HVAC System Based on a High-Performance Heat Transfer Fluid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3298
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Colangelo ◽  
Brenda Raho ◽  
Marco Milanese ◽  
Arturo de Risi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The University

Nanofluids have great potential to improve the heat transfer properties of liquids, as demonstrated by recent studies. This paper presents a novel idea of utilizing nanofluid. It analyzes the performance of a HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) system using a high-performance heat transfer fluid (water-glycol nanofluid with nanoparticles of Al2O3), in the university campus of Lecce, Italy. The work describes the dynamic model of the building and its heating and cooling system, realized through the simulation software TRNSYS 17. The use of heat transfer fluid inseminated by nanoparticles in a real HVAC system is an innovative application that is difficult to find in the scientific literature so far. This work focuses on comparing the efficiency of the system working with a traditional water-glycol mixture with the same system that uses Al2O3-nanofluid. The results obtained by means of the dynamic simulations have confirmed what theoretically assumed, indicating the working conditions of the HVAC system that lead to lower operating costs and higher COP and EER, guaranteeing the optimal conditions of thermo-hygrometric comfort inside the building. Finally, the results showed that the use of a nanofluid based on water-glycol mixture and alumina increases the efficiency about 10% and at the same time reduces the electrical energy consumption of the HVAC system.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Energy Modeling and Monitoring: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3716
Author(s):  
Francesco Causone ◽  
Rossano Scoccia ◽  
Martina Pelle ◽  
Paola Colombo ◽  
Mario Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Monitoring Plan ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Carrier Energy ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Energy Grid

Cities and nations worldwide are pledging to energy and carbon neutral objectives that imply a huge contribution from buildings. High-performance targets, either zero energy or zero carbon, are typically difficult to be reached by single buildings, but groups of properly-managed buildings might reach these ambitious goals. For this purpose we need tools and experiences to model, monitor, manage and optimize buildings and their neighborhood-level systems. The paper describes the activities pursued for the deployment of an advanced energy management system for a multi-carrier energy grid of an existing neighborhood in the area of Milan. The activities included: (i) development of a detailed monitoring plan, (ii) deployment of the monitoring plan, (iii) development of a virtual model of the neighborhood and simulation of the energy performance. Comparisons against early-stage energy monitoring data proved promising and the generation system showed high efficiency (EER equal to 5.84), to be further exploited.

Preliminary Feasibility Study of Groundwater Source Geothermal Heat Pumps in Mason County and the American Bottoms Area, Illinois

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Lu ◽  
David R. Larson ◽  
Thomas R. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Geothermal Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Mason County

Groundwater source heat pumps exploit the difference between the ground surface temperature and the nearly constant temperature of shallow groundwater. This project characterizes two areas for geothermal heating and cooling potential, Mason County in central Illinois and the American Bottoms area in southwestern Illinois. Both areas are underlain by thick sand and gravel aquifers and groundwater is readily available. Weather data, including monthly high and low temperatures and heating and cooling degree days, were compiled for both study areas. The heating and cooling requirements for a single-family house were estimated using two independent models that use weather data as input. The groundwater flow rates needed to meet these heating and cooling requirements were calculated using typical heat pump coefficient of performance values. The groundwater in both study areas has fairly high hardness and iron concentrations and is close to saturation with calcium and iron carbonates. Using the groundwater for cooling may induce the deposition of scale containing one or both of these minerals.

Continuous Monitoring, Modeling, and Evaluation of Actual Building Energy Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim L. Sankey ◽  
Sheldon M. Jeter ◽  
Trevor D. Wolf ◽  
Donald P. Alexander ◽  
Gregory M. Spiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Residential and commercial buildings account for more than 40% of U.S. energy consumption, most of which is related to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Consequently, energy conservation is important to building owners and to the economy generally. In this paper we describe a process under development to continuously evaluate a building’s heating and cooling energy performance in near real-time with a procedure we call Continuous Monitoring, Modeling, and Evaluation (CMME). The concept of CMME is to model the expected operation of a building energy system with actual weather and internal load data and then compare modeled energy consumption with actual energy consumption. For this paper we modeled two buildings on the Georgia Institute of Technology campus. After creating our building models, internal lighting loads and equipment plug-loads were collected through electrical sub-metering, while the building occupancy load was recorded using doorway mounted people counters. We also collected on site weather and solar radiation data. All internal loads were input into the models and simulated with the actual weather data. We evaluated the building’s overall performance by comparing the modeled heating and cooling energy consumption with the building’s actual heating and cooling energy consumption. Our results demonstrated generally acceptable energy performance for both buildings; nevertheless, certain specific energy inefficiencies were discovered and corrective actions are being taken. This experience shows that CMME is a practical procedure for improving the performance of actual well performing buildings. With improved techniques, we believe the CMME procedure could be fully automated and notify building owners in real-time of sub-optimal building performance.

scholarly journals The application of the EN ISO 52016 standard and its Italian National Annex to assess the heating and cooling needs of a reference office building

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Franz Bianco Mauthe Degerfeld ◽  
Ilaria Ballarini ◽  
Giovanna De Luca ◽  
Vincenzo Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Dynamic Calculation ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Energy Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Simulations

The EN ISO 52016-1 standard presents a new simplified dynamic calculation procedure, whose aim is to provide an accurate energy performance assessment without excessively increasing the number of data required. The Italian National Annex to EN ISO 52016-1, currently under development, provides some improvements to the hourly calculation method; despite many works can be found in literature on the hourly model of EN ISO 52016-1, the National Annexes application has not been sufficiently analysed yet. The aim of the present work is to assess the main improvements introduced by the Italian National Annex and to compare the main results, in terms of energy need for space heating and cooling. To this purpose, an existing building representative of the Italian office building stock in Northern Italy was selected as a case study. The energy simulations were carried out considering both continuous and reduced operation of the HVAC systems. The options specified in the Italian National Annex were firstly applied one by one, and then all together. The variation of the energy need compared to the international base procedure is finally quantified. For the premises and the scope above discussed, the present work is intended to enhance the standardisation activity towards the adoption of more accurate and trustable calculation methods of the building energy performance.

EVALUATING GLARE IN LEED CERTIFIED BUILDINGS TO INFORM CRITERIA FOR DAYLIGHTING CREDITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Robin Wilder ◽  
Jaya Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tom Femrite ◽  
Kevin Amende
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Extensive Documentation

Extensive documentation has been developed to support the benefits of daylight for building occupants. Recently, the high performance building industry has shown a trend towards prioritizing better daylighting conditions. In response to this trend, the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system now addresses daylighting and views as one of the criteria for compliance. However, effective daylighting has its challenges—most importantly addressing the issue of glare. This paper discusses the issue of glare and its relationship with requirements for effective daylighting within the criteria of the LEED rating system. In this study, a LEED certified building on Montana State University's campus was considered as a case study. This paper conducts an analysis by comparing the results obtained from compliance procedures for LEED with independent evaluations of glare using simulation and post occupancy evaluation surveys. This paper concludes that the ‘illuminance simulation’ option provided in the current version of LEED (LEED v4) for compliance does not adequately address the issue of glare. This paper provides recommendations to improve the LEED rating system for indoor environmental quality which include: the incorporation of glare assessment in the evaluation procedures of daylighting and views; the use of dynamic simulations that incorporate climatic conditions in the evaluation of daylighting; and evaluating glare in early stages of design by using simulation tools.

scholarly journals The Effect of Balcony Thermal Breaks on Building Thermal and Energy Performance: Field Experiments and Energy Simulations in Chicago, IL

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Irina Susorova ◽  
Brent Stephens ◽  
Benjamin Skelton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Energy Simulations

A common envelope performance problem in buildings is thermal bridging through balcony slab connections, which can be improved with the use of commercially available thermal break products. Several prior studies have used simulation-based and/or hot box test apparatus approaches to quantify the likely effect of balcony thermal breaks on effective thermal resistance of building enclosures. However, in-situ measurements of thermal performance in real buildings remain limited to date. This study uses a combination of field measurements and models to investigate the effects of installing balcony thermal breaks on the interior surface temperatures, effective thermal resistance, and annual building energy consumption. For the field experiment, yearlong measurements were conducted on the 13th floor of a 14-story multi-family building in Chicago, IL, in which thermocouple sensors were embedded into eight balconies and their adjacent interior floor slabs just before concrete was poured to complete the construction. The eight balconies included four control balconies without thermal breaks and four thermally-broken balconies with a commercially available thermal break product installed. The experimental data were then combined with 2-D heat transfer modeling and whole building energy simulations to investigate the impacts of the thermal break product installation on the envelope thermal resistance and overall energy use in the case study building as well as in several more generic building designs with simpler geometries. The results demonstrate that although the balcony thermal breaks helped regulate interior slab temperatures and improved the effective thermal resistance of the curtain wall enclosure assembly by an estimated ~14% in the case study building, the predicted effect on annual energy consumption in all modeled building types was small (i.e., less than 2%). The results also highlight the importance of paying careful attention to envelope design details when using thermal break products and considering the use of thermal break products in combination with other energy efficiency strategies to achieve high performance enclosures.

scholarly journals Coupling a Building Energy Simulation Tool with a Microclimate Model to Assess the Impact of cool Pavements on the Building’s Energy Performance. Application in a Dense Residential Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsoka ◽  
Tsikaloudaki ◽  
Theodosiou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Building Unit ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Data Generator ◽  
The Impact

Replacing conventional pavements with the corresponding high albedo ones constitutes a well-known technique to improve outdoor thermal environment of modern cites. Since most of the existing studies assess the impact of the high albedo pavements at the pedestrian’s height and with respect to thermal comfort, this study aims to examine the effect of the application of highly reflective pavements on the heating and cooling energy needs of a building unit, located inside a dense urban area. Aiming at a higher accuracy of the energy performance simulations, an integrated computational method between ENVI-met model, Meteonorm weather data generator and Energy Plus software is established, to consider the site-specific microclimatic characteristics of the urban areas. The analysis is performed both for the design and the aged albedo values as significant changes may occur due to aging process. The analysis revealed that the application of cool materials on the ground surfaces only marginally affects the energy performance of the examined building unit, both for the design and the aged albedo value; changes on the annual heating and cooling energy demand, for both albedo scenarios did not exceed 1.5% revealing the limited potential of cool pavements regarding the improvement of the energy performance of urban building units.

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