scholarly journals Influence of blending proportions of Teak Sawdust and Cajuput leaves on characteristics of biomass pellets

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Wassachol Wattana ◽  
Nattaya Montri ◽  
Manussavee Wongjanakul ◽  
Yingyot Naratta ◽  
Sansanee Duangjinda
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Fuel Pellet ◽  
Fuel Pellets

Fuel pellets made from biomass is considered as a solid fuel that is also an alternative fuel which can substitute for the current fuels and can be considered as a fuel that has sustainable production. This research is the study of the production of fuel pellets from Teak sawdust blends with Cajuput leaves at five proportions by weight of Teak sawdust 100%, Cajuput leaves 100%, Teak sawdust 75% +Cajuput leaves 25%, Teak sawdust 50% +Cajuput leaves 50%, Teak sawdust 25% +Cajuput leaves 75% . The pellets were produced by a grinding and pelleting machine at three different speeds of 200, 250, and 300 rpm. After that, the quality of fuel pellets was evaluated by the physical properties as pellet dimensions, particles and bulk density, as well as moisture content and durability. The results show that blending proportion of Teak sawdust 75% and Cajuput leaves 25% provided the appropriate fuel pellet properties.

Measuring the Thermo-Technical Parameters of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Struhárová
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Technical Properties

Bulk density and moisture content are factors that significantly affect the physical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) including thermal conductivity and other thermo-technical characteristics. This article shows the results of measurements of compressive strength, capillary absorption, water absorption and porosity of AAC (ash on fluidized fly ash) at different bulk density and also the results of thermal conductivity of AAC at different bulk density and variable moisture content of the material. The thermo-technical properties were measured using the Isomet 2104, a portable measuring device. Acquired results demonstrate dependence of physical properties including thermal conductivity of AAC on bulk density and moisture content. The reliability and accuracy of the method of measuring was also shown.

Physical Quality of Turmeric Powder (Curcuma longga Linn) Result of Foam-mat Drying Method Using Microwave

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Dhinar Patliani ◽  
Dian Purbasari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Two Factors

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) in Indonesia is widely known as a herbal medicinal plant, food coloring, and food flavoring. The high water content of turmeric will shorten the storage time and the quality of the ingredients. The need for drying which is the process of removing the moisture content of the material with the aim of prolonging the shelf life. The use of the foam-mat drying method with the addition of adhesives aims to speed up the drying process and maintain the quality of a material. The result of drying turmeric obtained is turmeric powder product. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the variation of the microwave oven power and the composition of the developer agent (ovalet). The research procedure was divided into two stages, namely the manufacture of powder and continued with the measurement of physical quality. The stages of making powder begin with the preparation of raw materials, stripping, size reduction, addition of developer, drying, then grinding. The second stage is measuring physical quality, namely fineness modulus, average grain size, powder moisture content, color, water absorption, oil absorption, and bulk density. The power variations used are 420 watts, 535 watts, and 680 watts, while the composition of the developer is 1%, 2%, and 4%. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA statistical test with two factors that affect the variation of power and composition of the developer (ovalet). FM values ​​ranged from 0.364 – 1.576, D values ​​ranged from 0.005 – 0.0012 mm, final moisture content values ​​ranged from 7.60 – 9.59%, powder moisture content values ​​ranged from 9.47 – 11.43%ww , L values ​​ranged from 61.46 – 65.96, a values ​​ranged from 13.54 – 16.05, b values ​​ranged from 48.21 – 52.42, DSA values ​​ranged from 2.78 – 3.54 ml/ g, DSM values ​​ranged from 1.22 – 1.60 ml/g, and DC values ​​ranged from 0.38 – 0.44 g/cm3. The combination treatment of drying power with developer is influenced by the drying power of the parameters, namely the value of moisture content, fineness modulus, average grain size, brightness level, redness level, yellowness level, oil absorption, water absorption, and bulk density. While the developer affects the finenes modulus, average grain size, yellowness level, and bulk density.

Effects of distribution of bulk density and moisture content on shrub fires

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambarish Dahale ◽  
Selina Ferguson ◽  
Babak Shotorban ◽  
Shankar Mahalingam
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Fuel Moisture Content

Formulation of a physics-based model, capable of predicting fire spread through a single elevated crown-like shrub, is described in detail. Predictions from the model, obtained by numerical solutions to governing equations of fluid dynamics, combustion, heat transfer and thermal degradation of solid fuel, are found to be in fairly good agreement with experimental results. In this study we utilise the physics-based model to explore the importance of two parameters – the spatial variation of solid fuel bulk density and the solid fuel moisture content – on the burning of an isolated shrub in quiescent atmosphere. The results suggest that vertical fire spread rate within an isolated shrub and the time to initiate ignition within the crown are two global parameters significantly affected when the spatial variation of the bulk density or the variation of fuel moisture content is taken into account. The amount of fuel burnt is another parameter affected by varying fuel moisture content, especially in the cases of fire propagating through solid fuel with moisture content exceeding 40%. The specific mechanisms responsible for the reduction in propagation speed in the presence of higher bulk densities and moisture content are identified.

scholarly journals Variations in selected soil physical properties with landforms and slope within an inland valley ecosystem in Ashanti region of Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J.C. Nwite ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
T. Wakatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Inland Valley

One peculiar feature of the inland valleys abundant in West Africa is their site-specific hydrology, underlain mainly by the prevailing landforms and topography. Development and management of these land resources under the increasingly popular sawah (a system of bunded, puddled and levelled rice field with facilities for irrigation and drainage) technology is a promising opportunity for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the region. Information on the variations in selected soil physical properties as influenced by the prevailing landforms may serve as a useful guide in site selection. This is of practical importance since majority of the inland valleys are potentially unsuitable for sawah development and most farmers in the region are of low technical level. Three landforms (river levee, elevated area and depressed area) were identified within a sawah field located in an inland valley at Ahafo Ano South District of Ghana. Each of these landforms was topsoil-sampled along on identified gradient (top, mid and bottom slope positions). Parameters determined included particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity and field moisture content. The soil is predominantly clayey. There were no variations in the particle size distribution among the slope positions in the river levee. Overall, the river levee had lower silt content than the elevated and the depressed landforms. The bulk density, total porosity, and gravimetric moisture content indicated relative improvements only in the depressed area in the order, bottom &gt; mid &gt; top slope. Irrespective of slope position, the three landforms differed in these parameters in the order, depressed &gt; river levee &gt; elevated. The sand fraction impacted negatively on the silt fraction and bulk density of the soil, both of which controlled the soil moisture status. Despite the fairly low silt content of the soil, the silt fraction strongly influenced the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.80). So too did the soil bulk density on the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90). It is concluded that: (1) since the landforms more prominently influenced the measured parameters than the slope positions, the former should take pre-eminence over the latter in soil suitability judgment; (2) with respect to moisture retention, variations in silt fraction and bulk density of this and other clayey inland-valley soils should be used as guide in site selection for sawah development.

scholarly journals GUAR GUM ADDITION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRUDED DRY CORN NOODLE FROM MIXTURE OF WET AND DRY CORN FLOURS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Aminullah Aminullah ◽  
Tjahja Muhandri ◽  
Subarna Subarna
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Physical Quality

The drying process of corn noodles was an effort to increase the shelf life and it was a form of noodles diversification. The objective of this research was to study and analyze the effect of guar gum addition on the physical quality of the extruded dry corn noodle made from a mixture of wet and dry corn flour. Manufacturing dry corn noodles was conducted using wet corn noodles from a mixture of wet and dry corn flour, which was then dried in a tray dryer at a temperature of 60-70 °C for 1 - 1.5 hours. The treatments used were a combination of alum levels of 0.01%; moisture content of 80% (dry base); and guar gum concentration of 0%, 1%, and 2%. Physical properties of dry corn noodles included rehydration time, hardness, adhesiveness, suppleness, elongation, and cooking loss. The results showed that the optimum rehydration time for dry corn noodles was about 9 minutes. The addition of guar gum to the physical qualities of dry corn noodles tended not to be significant statistically, but as a score, an increase in guar gum levels tended to increase the elongation of dry corn noodles. While, increasing levels of guar gum tended to reduce the stickiness and cooking loss levels of them.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF QUALITY INDICATORS AND FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT GRAIN PROTEIN OF SOUTHERN REGIONS OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A. Penaki ◽  
A. Borta
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Molecular Weights

The results of studies of the quality of food and non-food grain of wheat from the southern regions of Ukraine in 2016 harvest are presented. The indicators of the quality of wheat grain were determined, the uniformity of their distribution in different classes of wheat was assessed, the content of protein fractions of the gluten complex and the molecular weights of individual protein structures were determined. It was found that the studied 13 samples of wheat grain had the following quality indicators: moisture content 9.4 ... 13.5%, bulk density 731 ... 814 g/l, protein content 10.1 ... 13.2%, gluten content 16.4 ... 25.6%, gluten quality 50 ... 110 units of the IDK device, falling number 311 ... 493 s, grain admixture 1.2 ... 10.5%, grains damaged by a wheat bug, 0.1 ... 10.1%. It was noted that the bulk density of all samples of wheat of 2 ... 6 classes exceeded the standard values in each class. In terms of protein content, 2 from 3 samples of class 5 wheat and 1 from 2 samples of 6 class exceeded the standard value of class 3 wheat (≥11.0%). The same was observed for these samples and for the gluten content (≥18%). Almost all grain samples, except for 2 samples of the 5th class and 2 samples of the 6th class, met the requirements of wheat of the 2nd class (45 ... 100 units device VDK). The falling number of all samples was high and significantly exceeded the normalized value (180 s), even for class 2 wheat. It was found that the uniformity of the distribution of individual quality indicators in different classes of wheat grain by the coefficient of variation is not the same. Such indicators of grain quality as moisture content, bulk density and protein content in different samples of the south of Ukraine in 2016 harvest fluctuated weakly (V≤10%), in terms of the amount of gluten and the falling number fluctuations were average (10% ≤V≤20%). Fluctuations in the content of grain impurities and grains damaged by the wheat bug are big (V≥20%). For the last indicator, fluctuations relative to the average are very large and exceed 120 %. This indicates that in different areas where wheat was grown, the infestation by the wheat bug was very different. It was shown that regardless of the total amount of protein determined by the Infratec FOSS express analyzer, four protein fractions of the gluten complex (albumins, globulins, gliadins and glutenins) are present in all grain classes, and the molecular weights of the protein structures of the main fractions are within small limits, which are in kDa - for albumins and globulins 20...30, gliadins 27.. 100 and glutenins 30...35. It was noted that in the varietal wheat "Chernobrova" albumins and globulins have a slightly higher molecular weight (30...40 kDa) than in non-varietal wheat.

scholarly journals Some Physical Properties of Palmyrah Palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) Fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
P. C. Vengaiah ◽  
S. Kaleemullah ◽  
M. Madhava ◽  
A. Mani ◽  
B. Sreekanth
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
The Individual

Some physical properties of palmyrah fruit were investigated in this study. The average values of major, medium, minor and geometric mean diameters of fresh whole palmyrah fruit were 11.54,10.45, 9.85 and 10.64 cm respectively at 47.34 % (w.b) moisture content whereas that of palmyrah nut were 8.59, 7.35, 4.99 and 6.79 cm respectively at 8% (w.b) moisture content. Sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were found to be 91.94%, 359.17 cm2 and 0.90 for fruit and whereas that of nut were 79.19%, 145.16 cm2 and 0.86 respectively. The average mass of the individual palmyrah fruit and nut was 927.78 and 248.10 g whereas bulk density was 525.92 and 693.0 kg/m3 respectively. The coefficient of static friction on mild steel, glass and plywood surfaces were 0.27, 0.21 and 0.25 for palmyrah fruit and 0.36, 0.28 and 0.27 for nut respectively. The angle of repose of palmyrah fruit and nut were 30.77 and 44.03 respectively.

scholarly journals The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Oleszczuk ◽  
Milena Truba
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
East Central ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
East Part ◽  
North East

Abstract The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers. The paper presents the results of measurements of some physical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers (degree of decomposition, bulk density, particle density, porosity and saturated moisture content). The soil samples were taken from north- -east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and meadows. The article presents obtained data of selected physical properties from several drained peatlands in Poland and shows the comparison of established results with relevant data published in literature.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIK GAMBUT PEDALAMAN PADA LABORATORIUM ALAM HUTAN GAMBUT SEBANGAU, KALIMANTAN TENGAHThe Physical Properties Of Inland Peat In Natural Laboratory Of Peat Swamp Forest (LAHG) Sebangau, Central Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Yonodius Paskalis Bay ◽  
Nina Yulianti ◽  
Suparno Suparno ◽  
Fengky Florante Adji ◽  
Zafrullah Damanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Peat Area

Indonesia has the largest peat area in the tropical zone, which estimated about 21 million ha, with a percentage of 70% of the peat area in Southeast Asia and 50% of the world's tropical peatlands. This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of soil in each layer of soil and land cover in inland peat swamp forests in LAHG in Central Kalimantan. The research used the profile method (minipit) measuring 120 cm x 120 cm. Each location is given 3 plots on 2 (two) land cover  namely forest and burnt area. The research location is in LAHG. This research was conducted in July-December 2020. Samples were analyzed at the Banjarbaru Research and Development Laboratory. The parameters observed were bulk density, moisture content, fiber content, soil color, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity. The research data were analyzed statistically by means of regression and correlation analysis. The results showed that the study of the physical properties of inland peat soil in the forest had bulk density ranging from 0.10 to 0.15 g / cm-3, moisture content 541.18-910.00%, fiber content 8-40%, infiltration -0 , 58-29.27 ml / hour, hydraulic conductivity 2.4-66.6 cm / hour with reddish black soil color. Whereas on burnt land, bulk density ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 g / cm-3, moisture content was 500.00-916.67%, fiber content was 12-52%, infiltration was -3.19-60.99 ml. / hr, hydraulic conductivity 2.4-30.6 cm / hr with dark black soil color. The study relationship pattern shows positive and negative.

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