scholarly journals Intellectual games concept review in THE XIX – XXI century (Google book Ngram Corpus scientific materials base)

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 16035
Author(s):  
Zulfira Zyukina ◽  
Yulia Voropaeva ◽  
Zoya Zyukina
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Construction Machine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mass Entertainment ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Concept Review ◽  
Modern Tool

In the context of the development of information technology in the world, modern scientists have noted in children, youth and adults the processes of creative and intellectual degradation, the growth of functional illiteracy. In the 20th century, the value of general intelligence for each new generation was one more statistical “norm” than the previous one. Scientists have discovered that the activity of a man of the 21st century in his free time becomes more significant for the development of his intellect and creativity (gaining a state of "flow") than activity during working hours. The intellectual load during leisure time allows a person to maintain a high level of mental activity until the end of his life, to prevent brain degradation. In the scientific community, from the mid-19th century, the verbal definition of the term “intellectual games” is enclosed in different types of games. Drawing analogies between the concepts of “Quiz” and “intellectual games”, the authors of the article determine that they are the product of two opposites: mass, entertainment culture and intellectual culture, which is characteristic of a rational person, capable of endless development. The authors described a modern tool for working in the database of scientific materials Google Book Ngram Corpus. This database contains also materials concerning architecture, construction, machine-buliding fields of research. With its help, connotations of intellectual games in the history of their development were considered.

scholarly journals Transposable element subfamily annotation has a reproducibility problem

Mobile DNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin M. Carey ◽  
Gilia Patterson ◽  
Travis J. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Annotation Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Downstream Analysis ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Transposable element (TE) sequences are classified into families based on the reconstructed history of replication, and into subfamilies based on more fine-grained features that are often intended to capture family history. We evaluate the reliability of annotation with common subfamilies by assessing the extent to which subfamily annotation is reproducible in replicate copies created by segmental duplications in the human genome, and in homologous copies shared by human and chimpanzee. Results We find that standard methods annotate over 10% of replicates as belonging to different subfamilies, despite the fact that they are expected to be annotated as belonging to the same subfamily. Point mutations and homologous recombination appear to be responsible for some of this discordant annotation (particularly in the young Alu family), but are unlikely to fully explain the annotation unreliability. Conclusions The surprisingly high level of disagreement in subfamily annotation of homologous sequences highlights a need for further research into definition of TE subfamilies, methods for representing subfamily annotation confidence of TE instances, and approaches to better utilizing such nuanced annotation data in downstream analysis.

scholarly journals Transposable Element Subfamily Annotation has a reproducibility problem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin M Carey ◽  
Gilia Patterson ◽  
Travis J Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Annotation Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Transposable element (TE) sequences are classified into families based on the reconstructed history of replication, and into subfamilies based on more ne-grained features that are often intended to capture family history. We evaluate the reliability of annotation with common subfamilies by assessing the extent to which subfamily annotation is reproducible in replicate copies created by segmental duplications in the human genome, and in homologous copies shared by human and chimpanzee.Results: We find that standard methods annotate over 10% of replicates as belonging to different subfamilies, despite the fact that they are expected to be annotated as belonging to the same subfamily. Point mutations and homologous recombination appear to be responsible for some of this discordant annotation (particularly in the young Alu family), but are unlikely to fully explain the annotation unreliability.Conclusions: The surprisingly high level of disagreement in subfamily annotation of homologous sequences highlights a need for further research into definition of TE subfamilies, methods for representing subfamily annotation confidence of TE instances, and approaches to better utilizing such nuanced annotation data indownstream analysis.

scholarly journals Transposable Element Subfamily Annotation is Unreliable in Biological Replicates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Carey ◽  
Gilia Patterson ◽  
Travis J Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Annotation Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Downstream Analysis ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Transposable element (TE) sequences are classified into families based on the reconstructed history of replication, and into subfamilies based on more fine-grained features that in some cases capture family history, and in other cases are simply intended to improve annotation sensitivity. We evaluate the reliability of annotation with common subfamilies by assessing the extent to which subfamily annotation is reproducible in replicate copies created by segmental duplications in the human genome, and in homologous copies shared by human and chimpanzee.Results: We find that standard methods annotate over 10% of replicates as belonging to different subfamilies, despite the fact that they are expected to be annotated as belonging to the same subfamily. Point mutations and homologous recombiniation appear to be responsible for some of this discordant annotation (particularly in the young Alu family), but are unlikely to fully explain the annotation unreliability.Conclusions: The surprisingly high level of disagreement in subfamily annotation of homologous sequence highlights a need for further research into definition of TE subfamilies, methods for representing subfamily annotation confidence of TE instances, and approaches to better utilizing such nuanced annotation data in downstream analysis.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE AS THE BASIC VECTOR OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN A HISTORICAL CITY (THE CITY OF BARNAUL AS AN EXAMPLE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Ирина КОЛУПАЕВА ◽  
Irina KOLUPAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Mining City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

The history of the city of Barnaul began in 1730 with the decision to build a silver smelter. Barnaul, the city with a rich history, has a large number of cultural and historical sites and is a promising tourist center of the region. Every year the number of visitors and tourists visiting the city, increases. Cultural - educational, educational, business, congress - exhibition kinds of tourism have developed widely. The implementation of the project of the creating the tourist and recreational cluster "Barnaul – the mining city" with the purpose of improving the historical part of the city is taking place at an active pace. There are number of conditions is necessary for realizing the tourist and recreational functions of the territory, among them – a high level of infrastructure development. The existing problems in the field of regional infrastructure development causes reducing in the tourist flow to the destination. The article presents the author's definition of the term of "tourist infrastructure", which is presented as part of the territorially recreational system. The article is focused on the market of accommodation for tourists. The author provides a comprehensive analysis of the hotel services market in Barnaul, identifies and structures problems in the field of activity of accommodation

scholarly journals Transposable Element Subfamily Annotation is Unreliable in Biological Replicates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Carey ◽  
Gilia Patterson ◽  
Travis J Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Annotation Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Downstream Analysis ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Transposable element (TE) sequences are classified into families based on the reconstructed history of replication, and into subfamilies based on more fine-grained features that in some cases capture family history, and in other cases are simply intended to improve annotation sensitivity. We evaluate the reliability of annotation with common subfamilies by assessing the extent to which subfamily annotation is reproducible in replicate copies created by segmental duplications in the human genome, and in homologous copies shared by human and chimpanzee.Results: We find that standard methods annotate over 10% of replicates as belonging to different subfamilies, despite the fact that they are expected to be annotated as belonging to the same subfamily. Point mutations and homologous recombiniation appear to be responsible for some of this discordant annotation (particularly in the young Alu family), but are unlikely to fully explain the annotation unreliability.Conclusions: The surprisingly high level of disagreement in subfamily annotation of homologous sequence highlights a need for further research into definition of TE subfamilies, methods for representing subfamily annotation confidence of TE instances, and approaches to better utilizing such nuanced annotation data in downstream analysis.

scholarly journals LATEST ATTEMPTS IN CONTEMPORARY IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE IN SEARCH FOR AUTHENTICITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Ghazal Farjami ◽  
Guita Farivarsadri
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Values ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Period ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Generation

The conflictions between homogeneity and universal values suggested by Modernism and traditional values resulted in a variety of ideas generated as a search for authenticity all over the world. Iran is known as one of the countries which imported the modern ideas directly to a society, which was still living with and respecting the traditional values. This challenge between the two seemingly conflicting poles of tradition and modernism resulted in three periods in the history of contemporary Iranian architecture. Now, it seems that Iranian architecture has entered to a new period regarding the interpretation of authenticity. Since novelty and relation with the past are known as the main indicators of the concept of authenticity, in this research it is tried to explore the ideas of seven pioneers of the new generation of architects in Iran around these concepts. These architects are amongst the most well-known young architects of Iran who have won more than 3 prizes in Memar (Architect) competition which is the most prestigious architectural competition in the country. To find out the interpretation of these architects about the concept of authenticity, inclusive interviews have been realized with these architects. Then, using recursive abstraction method, it is tried to find out the main points in definition of the concept of authenticity by each architect. In addition, some of the completed projects of theses architects have been visited and analyzed to find out the reflection of their ideas related to authenticity in their projects.

scholarly journals Ukrainian font: origins, stages of formation, stylistic features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Dubrivna ◽  
Sofiia Doronina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
National Style

The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the establishment of the Ukrainian font and analysis of the interaction of formative and figurative features in the retrieval system of national style. The methodology is built according to the general principles of art history of scientific knowledge based on system-analytical, complex-historical, formal approaches, and generalization. The scientific novelty lies in the revelation of visual and communicative aspects and artistic and stylistic features of the Ukrainian font within the context of a comprehensive definition of the factors of its formation and development. Conclusion. The perspective of the development of the modern Ukrainian font is outlined, which lies in the assertion of the national component based on the stable foundation of the past, the contradictions of evolution, and the formation of its new forms and models. The special role of the Ukrainian font as a means of visual communication with a high level of perception by native speakers of the Ukrainian language is determined. The positive effect of using accidental fonts in order to embody Ukrainian authentic folk traditions has been revealed. Keywords: Ukrainian font, national style, writing, font graphics, visual communication, perception.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Functional and structural neural plasticity effects of literacy acquisition in adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Melanie Boltzmann ◽  
Thomas Münte ◽  
Bahram Mohammadi ◽  
Jascha Rüsseler
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Workplace Literacy ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. In Germany, 7.5 Million individuals between 18 and 64 years are considered to be functionally illiterate (Grotlüschen & Riekmann, 2012). Functional illiterates have only rudimentary literacy skills despite attending school for several years. Although they can use written language to a very limited extent, only few functional illiterates attend literacy courses for adults. In addition, most adult literacy courses primarily aim at promoting basic reading and writing skills. Offers specific to workplace literacy are scarce. This review gives an overview of the definition of functional illiteracy. Afterwards, a specific literacy program (AlphaPlus) and its effectiveness will be presented. The reviewed studies indicate that learning to read in adulthood is associated with structural and functional brain changes.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document