scholarly journals Influence of Adverse Ecological Factors on the Incidence of Malignant Neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Izimbet Turdimambetov ◽  
Amet Madreymov ◽  
Lorant Foldvary ◽  
Medetbay Oteuliev ◽  
Murat Kurbanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

An analysis of the leading sanitary-ecological factors of the environment affecting the incidence rates among the population of the Republic of Karakalpakstan in 2009-2018 found that between the indicators of the primary incidence of malignant neoplasms and water samples of open reservoirs that are not standard in chemical composition, strong direct correlations in the Northern (rxy = 0.89) zone, average direct correlations in the Western (rxy = 0.67) and Central (rxy = 0.57) zones were established. Similarly, strong connection was found in the Chimbay (rxy = 0.73) district, moderate correlation in Nukus (rxy = 0.44) and Ellikkala (rxy = 0.66) districts. The moderate correlation of the dynamics of malignant neoplasms with indicators of chemical pollution of tap water in the Chimbay (rxy = 0.33) district, well water in Kanlykul (rxy = 0.32) and atmospheric air in the city of Nukus (rxy = 0.41) was revealed and in the Republic of Karakalpakstan (rxy = 0.39). The solution to the problem lies in providing for the population of the selected districts with centralized drinking water that meets the state standard.

scholarly journals Epidemiological features of malignant mesothelioma in the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
K. A. Hutsich ◽  
L. F. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
The City

Based on the data of the Belarusian Cancer Register for 2000–2019 the dynamics and structure of incidence of mesothelioma in the Republic of Belarus are studied. We calculated incidence rates, age-standardized incidence rates, taking into account the gender and place of residence of patients, cumulative risk. The analysis of the structure was carried out both for the whole population and separately for men and women, as well as for the urban and rural population.We detected that the incidence rates of malignant mesothelioma in the Republic of Belarus are significantly lower than those in the Western Europe region and the Central and Eastern European region. For the period from 2000 to 2019 the dynamics of the incidence rates of mesothelioma in the Republic is characterized by a moderate tendency to decrease, and in the general structure of the incidence rate both among men and among women, pleural mesothelioma is the dominant localization. The population of regions where asbestos-cement manufacturing is located has no higher risk of developing malignant mesothelioma in comparison with population levels.The estimated incidence of mesothelioma in men is 2 times higher than the incidence of women, and this excess is independent of age differences between these two populations. The highest incidence rates for men are observed at the age of 75–79 years, while the peak incidence for men living in the city falls at the earlier age – 70–74 years. Among women living both in the city and in rural areas, the peak incidence falls at the age of 80–84 years.

Informational Evaluation of Epidemiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer Cases Among Citizens of Saint Petersburg

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
K.N. Movchan ◽  
Val.Vas. Hizha ◽  
K.E. Chernov ◽  
A.V. Zharkov ◽  
B.S. Artyushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
The City

Introduction. Prostate cancer ranks first among all malignant neoplasms in men. The use of information and analytical tools in comprehending the results of examining and treating verified prostate cancer cases in St. Petersburg is important for implementing measures to increase life expectancy and to improve the quality of men’s health. Materials and methods. We analyzed indicator medical statistics on prostate cancer cases in St. Petersburg in 2013–2017 based on the municipal population cancer registry data. Results. The results showed that the increase in prostate cancer incidence rates in the city was not related to poor quality of medical examination or treatment. The latter remained appropriate and was ensured by the proper level of modernization of technological and organizational methods for providing medical care to such patients. Successful mastering of innovative information techniques of cancer data analysis by local specialists is one of the prerequisites for efficient cancer prevention with a full-fledged implementation of actions envisaged by the Russian Healthcare Development Program. Conclusions. Some quality indicators of St. Petersburg oncology service in terms of providing medical care to prostate cancer patients are comparable to those in other Russian regions or turn out to the best in some respects. Targeted measures taken by the City Administration and its Health Department to promote a healthy lifestyle and to inform the citizens about dangers of prostate cancer yield positive results.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

Indicators of permanent teeth eruption in children of Tashkent city and comparative assessment with the data of peers of different Russian cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
R. T. Kamilova ◽  
J. A. Kamilov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Relevance. Characteristics of eruption of secondary teeth is of diagnostic and prognostic interest, is the basis for implementation of targeted therapeutic and preventive measures among children. No research has ever been carried out in Uzbekistan to study an age and gender regional features of secondary teeth eruption. The aim is to determine the timing and symmetry of secondary teeth eruption in children of the city of Tashkent of the Republic of Uzbekistan and comparative assessment with the children of different cities of Russia.Materials and methods. 3,834 children between 3 and 17 years were conducted dental examination. A comparative analysis was made of the initial, intermediate and final periods of eruption of secondary teeth for children of Uzbekistan (Tashkent city) and Russia (Saratov, Izhevsk and Sergach).Results. In Tashkent children of both gender, in most cases, lower teeth were erupted before than their antagonists. In girls, teeth were erupted earlier than their male counterparts. At the initial stage of eruption, asymmetry was more pronounced in boys than in girls, while in the middle and final stages it was more pronounced in the opposite direction. Observed asymmetry of antimere’s teeth were indicated left-handed permanent dentition in boys and right-handed in girls. Children of Tashkent city were observed permanent dentition in one group of teeth 1-16 months earlier, and in others – 1-24 months later than their peers in Russian cities. Revealed differences were more pronounced among boys than among girls. Children in Tashkent differed more from their peers in Sergach and less from those in Izhevsk. Conclusions. Regional peculiarities of permanent dentition in children of Tashkent city and revealed expressed differences with indicators of Russian children are the basis for development of separate age and  gender normative assessment permanent dentition tables for children of Uzbekistan. 

scholarly journals COVID-19 among the inhabitants of the slums in the city of Buenos Aires: a population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044592
Author(s):  
Alejandro Macchia ◽  
Daniel Ferrante ◽  
Gabriel Battistella ◽  
Javier Mariani ◽  
Fernán González Bernaldo de Quirós
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Reporting ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

ObjectiveTo summarise the unfolding of the COVID-19 epidemic among slum dwellers and different social strata in the city of Buenos Aires during the first 20 weeks after the first reported case.DesignObservational study using a time-series analysis. Natural experiment in a big city.SettingPopulation of the city of Buenos Aires and the integrated health reporting system records of positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 tests.ParticipantsRecords from the Argentine Integrated Health Reporting System for all persons with suspected and RT-PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 between 31 January and 14 July 2020.OutcomesTo estimate the effects of living in a slum on the standardised incidence rate of COVID-19, corrected Poisson regression models were used. Additionally, the impact of socioeconomic status was performed using an ecological analysis at the community level.ResultsA total of 114 052 people were tested for symptoms related with COVID-19. Of these, 39 039 (34.2%) were RT-PCR positive. The incidence rates for COVID-19 towards the end of the 20th week were 160 (155 to 165) per 100 000 people among the inhabitants who did not reside in the slums (n=2 841 997) and 708 (674 to 642) among slums dwellers (n=233 749). Compared with the better-off socioeconomic quintile (1.00), there was a linear gradient on incidence rates: 1.36 (1.25 to 1.46), 1.61 (1.49 to 1.74), 1.86 (1.72 to 2.01), 2.94 (2.74 to 3.16) from Q2 to Q5, respectively. Slum dwellers were associated with an incidence rate of 14.3 (13.4 to 15.4).ConclusionsThe distribution of the epidemic is socially conditioned. Slum dwellers are at a much higher risk than the rest of the community. Slum dwellers should not be considered just another risk category but an entirely different reality that requires policies tailored to their needs.

Turkish Basis in Toponimization System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Zh Konyratbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Cultural Symbol ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Internal Objects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Recently, three major processes are taking place in the urban space of the capital: 1) the process of national transonymization, ie the implementation of the names of newly established, renamed objects on the memorial principle (including national memoranda); 2) historical and cultural process; that is, the reproduction of object names in the nature of a national cultural symbol; 3) the process of national toponymization, ie the acquisition of common nouns. The main purpose of the article is to reveal and identify the Turkic basis of the layer of onymsformed as a result of this process of toponymization – one of the most productive internal resourcedevelopment in the urban space of the capital. That is, by conducting an etymological analysis ofthe system of urbanonymy, to show that the main source of optimized units belongs to the group ofTurkic languages.In the process of toponymization in the space of urbanism of the capital, the share of internalresource development is predominant, ie most of the layer of onyms on its onomastic map wasformed as a result of the Turkic basis. As a result, the urban design of the capital of Kazakhstan hasbecome the only historical and cultural center that meets the principles of language policy andnaming / renaming of the Republic of Kazakhstan. And we understand that the definition of thelayer of onyms in the laws of naming the internal objects of the city will be revealed in more depthby conducting a diachronic study of them.

RESULTS RESEARCH OF LOWER BACK PAIN USING THE ORIGINAL LOW BACK PAIN CHARACTERIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Dilrabo Jalilovna Khalimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

In the polyclinics of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region, in the polyclinics of the city of Navoi and the Navoi region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the period for 2019, they were selectively interviewed using a questionnaire developed in the Bukhara Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan to determine the characteristics of LBP (for a patient). According to a survey on this questionnaire, specific characteristics of LBP were identified in patients living in urban and rural conditions

Ostia in the Light of Recent Discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Calza
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Twenty years have gone by since I was first appointed Director of Excavations at Ostia, and I feel that I have devoted the better part of my activity as an archaeologist to the great task of bringing the dead city back to life.All that was known about Ostia when scientific investigation was first started there was the legendary tale of its foundation at the mouth of the Tiber by Ancus Marcius, fourth King of Rome ; its probable expansion under the republic, although the growth of Pozzuoli and the clogging up of the river’s bed would support the theory of a period of decline for Ostia at that time ; and its tremendous development under the Empire, especially in the second century. Of this there was proof in the vestiges of imperial constructions rising above ground and in the historically ascertained fact that Ostia was Rome’s trading centre and outlet on the sea. Little or nothing was known of the later period of the city, nor of its decline and final disappearance.

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