scholarly journals Silting thickness analysis of regular desilting in rectangular and trapezoidal channel

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Yang Wei ◽  
Zhao Zhenbo ◽  
Shi Yannan

Silting in river is a dynamic process, so it needs to regular desilting. At present, underwater siltation monitoring is still in its early days and based on experience. This paper puts forward the criterion of discrimination, in which the flood discharge section is decreased by 20%. It used the method of steady uniform flow in open rectangular and trapezoidal channel for calculation. The results show that reference values of dredging thickness in different section forms were determined. Siltation thicknesses of rectangular channel are linearly related to water depth. And the reduction rate of trapezoidal channel has a quadratic function relation with silting thicknesses. They were proportional to channel width and their rates trended to mitigation when the bottom width and flood depth were constant. In addition, the reference value of dredging thickness should be determined by combining with the bottom width, surface width, water depth and other actual situation.

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghua Gu ◽  
Xiaomeng Cao ◽  
Qiaoya Gu ◽  
Wei-Zhen Lu

Concerning the clustering of spur dikes on river systems, the spacing thresholds of twin spur dikes are important parameters to influence the estimations on the impact scales of spur dike groups and the overall responses of river systems. In this study, both numerical investigations and experimental measurements are proceeded to quantify the influence of the spacing threshold of non-submerged twin spur dikes with ipsilateral and orthogonal layout in a straight rectangular channel. Through dimensional analysis, three normalized indices, i.e., Froude number Fr, ratios of channel width to dike length B/b, and ratios of channel width to water depth B/h are identified as the main influencing factors of the relative spacing threshold Sc/b, i.e., dike spacing threshold to dike length. The simulation results indicate that the similarity of mean velocity along the water depth nearby the tips of twin spur dikes is determined by the criterion of the spacing threshold of non-submerged twin spur dikes with ipsilateral and orthogonal layout in straight rectangular channel. The results also show that: Fr plays the least impact among the three influencing factors; with the fixed values of Fr and B/h, the relative threshold Sc/b sharply increases first and then decreases slightly as B/b factor increases, with which the relationship presents approximately convex quadratic function; while both Fr and B/b are fixing, the Sc/b changes oppositely, i.e., slightly increasing first and then sharply decreasing as B/h increases, which, again presents a convex quadratic function. Hence, the normalized empirical formula of spacing threshold can be deduced by multivariate regressions and verified by the corresponding measurements in good agreements. Such empirical formula further suggests that the reasonable spacing threshold ranges from 24b to 130b, which is wider than the recovery area scales found in literature. The outputs of this study provide foundation for the characterization of impact scales of spur dike groups.


Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Scorzini ◽  
Alessio Radice ◽  
Daniela Molinari

Rapid tools for the prediction of the spatial distribution of flood depths within inundated areas are necessary when the implementation of complex hydrodynamic models is not possible due to time constraints or lack of data. For example, similar tools may be extremely useful to obtain first estimates of flood losses in the aftermath of an event, or for large-scale river basin planning. This paper presents RAPIDE, a new GIS-based tool for the estimation of the water depth distribution that relies only on the perimeter of the inundation and a digital terrain model. RAPIDE is based on a spatial interpolation of water levels, starting from the hypothesis that the perimeter of the flooded area is the locus of points having null water depth. The interpolation is improved by (i) the use of auxiliary lines, perpendicular to the river reach, along which additional control points are placed and (ii) the possibility to introduce a mask for filtering interpolation points near critical areas. The reliability of RAPIDE is tested for the 2002 flood in Lodi (northern Italy), by comparing the inundation depth maps obtained by the rapid tool to those from 2D hydraulic modelling. The change of the results, related to the use of either method, affects the quantitative estimation of direct damages very limitedly. The results, therefore, show that RAPIDE can provide accurate flood depth predictions, with errors that are fully compatible with its use for river-basin scale flood risk assessments and civil protection purposes.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2893
Author(s):  
Carla S.Ferreira ◽  
Sandra Mourato ◽  
Milica Kasanin-Grubin ◽  
António J.D. Ferreira ◽  
Georgia Destouni ◽  
...  

Urbanization alters natural hydrological processes and enhances runoff, which affects flood hazard. Interest in nature-based solutions (NBS) for sustainable mitigation and adaptation to urban floods is growing, but the magnitudes of NBS effects are still poorly investigated. This study explores the potential of NBS for flood hazard mitigation in a small peri-urban catchment in central Portugal, prone to flash floods driven by urbanization and short but intense rainfall events typical of the Mediterranean region. Flood extent and flood depth are assessed by manually coupling the hydrologic HEC-HMS and hydraulic HEC-RAS models. The coupled model was run for single rainfall events with recurrence periods of 10–, 20–, 50–, and 100–years, considering four simulation scenarios: current conditions (without NBS), and with an upslope NBS, a downslope NBS, and a combination of both. The model-simulation approach provides good estimates of flood magnitude (NSE = 0.91, RMSE = 0.08, MAE = 0.07, R2 = 0.93), and shows that diverting streamflow into abandoned fields has positive impacts in mitigating downslope flood hazard. The implementation of an upslope NBS can decrease the water depth at the catchment outlet by 0.02 m, whereas a downslope NBS can reduce it from 0.10 m to 0.23 m for increasing return periods. Combined upslope and downslope NBS have a marginal additional impact in reducing water depth, ranging from 0.11 m to 0.24 m for 10– and 100–year floods. Decreases in water depth provided by NBS are useful in flood mitigation and adaptation within the peri-urban catchment. A network of NBS, rather than small isolated strategies, needs to be created for efficient flood-risk management at a larger scale.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Hai Zhang ◽  
Yuan Cheng Ni ◽  
Li Jiao

In order to calculate the shallow foundation for moreappropriate, the paperbuildinga simplemodel in line with the actual situation of reinforced shallow foundation andcalculates, thereby improves the existing analysis method. By analyzing themodel of shallow foundation reinforced by supplementary pile, the paper getsthe method for the new model, and combined with the specificexample. Then we compare theresult between the simple model calculation and theanalysis of finite element software Midas/GTS. The analysis of specific exampleshows that, the calculation results of this new simple model and finite elementsoftware are in substantial agreement, and satisfied the safety requirement,and achieves the ideal target.It has a certain practical and reference value,because itcan be quickly and conveniently to calculate the bridge shallow foundation.


2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2816-2819
Author(s):  
Chun Jie Han ◽  
Tie Yan

With the development of deep water drilling engineering, marine riser has become the important equipment. With the increase in water depth, the failure of marine riser is very serious, the vibration is the main reason. According to the actual situation, the model of marine is set up, the rule of lateral vibration is obtained. The result is helpful to avoid the phenomena of resonance of marine riser under wave loads.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Italon Rilson Vicente Gama ◽  
André Luiz Andrade Simões ◽  
Harry Edmar Schulz ◽  
Rodrigo De Melo Porto

<p>Ondas de cheia em canais e ondas produzidas por manobras em comportas são alguns fenômenos simulados com as equações de Saint-Venant em aplicações de engenharia. Um novo código foi desenvolvido para a solução dessas equações aplicadas a um canal trapezoidal assimétrico, empregando o método de volumes finitos de Lax e Friedrichs. Foi adotada uma linguagem de programação reconhecida por um <em>software</em> livre. Três testes numéricos foram realizados. O primeiro, correspondente à passagem de uma onda de cheia em um canal retangular, apresentou aderência aos resultados obtidos com a solução calculada através do método implícito de Preissmann, com desvio relativo máximo de 1,4% para a velocidade e de 0,81% para a altura de escoamento. O segundo teste resolveu o escoamento em um canal de fundo variado que induz à formação de um ressalto hidráulico. As comparações dos presentes resultados com aqueles de simulações publicadas recentemente resultaram em um desvio máximo de 2,3% para as alturas de escoamento, a montante e a jusante do ressalto hidráulico. Para as posições médias do ressalto hidráulico, o desvio foi de 2,4%. Na terceira comparação, simulou-se um ressalto hidráulico em um canal trapezoidal assimétrico de forte declividade, tendo sido encontrada uma solução com desvios relativos menores que 1% para os escoamentos a montante e a jusante do ressalto, quando comparados aos resultados calculados com o método de MacCormack. A posição média do ressalto nesta terceira comparação apresentou um desvio de 5,5% em relação aos resultados anteriores. Os desvios calculados indicam que o código desenvolvido é capaz de resolver escoamentos variáveis em canais com e sem a formação de ressaltos hidráulicos. Este é um resultado de cunho prático, pois mostra que códigos livres podem ser usados na prática da hidráulica em geometrias não-convencionais.</p><p> </p><p align="center">OPEN SOURCE FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF SAINT-VENAN EQUATIONS IN ASYMMETRIC TRAPEZOIDAL OPEN-CHANNELS</p><p>Flood waves in channels, positive waves produced when operating floodgates, and the hydraulic jump are some phenomena simulated with the Saint-Venant equations in practical engineering applications. A new code was developed to solve these equations applied to an asymmetric trapezoidal channel using the Lax-Friedrichs finite volumes method. A programming language recognized by a free software was used. Three numerical tests were performed. The first, corresponding to the passage of a flood wave in a rectangular channel, showed adherence to results of the solution calculated using the Preissmann implicit method, presenting a maximum relative deviation of 1.4% for the speed and 0.81% for the flow height. The second test solved the flow in a channel with a variable bed that induces the formation of a hydraulic jump. Comparisons of the present results with those of recently published simulations produced a maximum deviation of 2.3% for the flow heights, upstream and downstream of the hydraulic jump. For the mean positions of the hydraulic jump the deviation was 2.4%. In the third comparison a hydraulic jump was simulated in an asymmetric trapezoidal channel with a strong slope, obtaining a solution with relative deviations less than 1% for flows upstream downstream of the jump, when compared to the results calculated with the MacCormack method. The average position of the jump in this third comparison showed a deviation of 5.5% in relation to the former results. The calculated deviations indicate that the developed code is capable of solving variable flows in channels with and without the formation of hydraulic jumps. This is a practical result, because it shows that open codes can be used in the practice of hydraulics in nonconventional geometries.</p>


2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lipeme Kouyi ◽  
P. Bret ◽  
J.-M. Didier ◽  
B. Chocat ◽  
C. Billat

The measurement of the flow through complex combined sewer overflow structures in the frame of automated monitoring remains difficult. In this paper, a methodology based on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling in order to improve the instrumentation of a downstream-controlled dual-overflow structure is presented. The dual-overflow structure is composed of two combined sewer overflows (CSOs) connected by a rectangular channel and controlled by a downstream gate located at the entry of the Meyzieu waste water treatment plant (close to Lyon, France). The analysis of the CFD results provides: (i) a better understanding of the interaction between the two CSOs – that means the hydraulic operation, the hydrodynamic behaviour, the backflow effect – and (ii) an ability to optimise the location of the water depth sensor. The measured water depth is used to assess the overflow rate by means of a numerical relationship. Uncertainties are also assessed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qi Ping ◽  
Qi Diao ◽  
Dezhi Qi ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Chuanliang Zhang

To study the influence of different cooling methods on dynamic mechanical properties of high temperature rock, both natural cooling and water cooling were used to cool high temperature (100°C∼1000°C) coal mine sandstone to room temperature (20°C). Basic physical parameters of sandstone were measured, and impact compression tests were carried out by using the SHPB test device. Comparative analysis shows that the volume expansion rate, mass loss rate, density reduction rate, and P-wave velocity reduction rate of sandstone specimens are positively correlated with the temperature in a quadratic function. The deteriorate rate of physical parameters of water cooling sandstone specimens is slightly larger than that of natural cooling. The variation of dynamic stress-strain curves is basically consistent. Compaction stage of water cooling is slightly larger than that of natural cooling. With the increase in temperature, dynamic compressive strength of sandstone specimens first increases, then decreases, and reaches maximum at 300°C. Subsequently, dynamic compressive strength decreases in a quadratic function with the temperature, and dynamic compressive strength of water cooling sandstone specimens is significantly lower than that of natural cooling. The dynamic elastic modulus also first increases and then decreases with the temperature and reaches maximum at 300°C. The dynamic elastic modulus of water cooling sandstone specimens is lower than that of natural cooling, but they are roughly the same at 1000°C. Dynamic strain increases in a quadratic function with the temperature, and dynamic strain of water cooling sandstone specimens is greater than that of natural cooling. The impact failure of sandstone specimens is intensified with the temperature, and the failure degree of water cooling is greater than that of natural cooling.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedim Suljić

This paper presents an analysis of water flow and flow velocity in an open channel of rectangular cross section as a function of channel roughness, ie Manning roughness coefficient. Three different cases of finishing the open channel of rectangular cross-section were analyzed, namely the concrete channel, the channel with smoothed cement mortar and the channel in very poor condition with shore erosion overgrown with sedges and large stones at the bottom of the channel. Analyzes were performed on a rectangular channel 3.0 m wide and with water depths in the channel from 0.5 m to 1.5 m with a step of 0.1 m, for steady flow. The longitudinal fall of the bottom of the rectangular channel in all analyzed cases was 1%.u urađene na pravougaonom kanalu širine 3,0 m i sa dubinama vode u kanalu od 0,5 m do 1,5 m sa korakom od 0,1 m, za ustaljeno tečenje. Podužni pad dna pravougaonog kanala u svim analiziranim slučajevima je iznosio 1%. The paper showed that higher Mannig roughness coefficients give lower water flow in the canal. The importance of the paper is reflected in the fact that for each of the three analyzed treatments of the rectangular channel, a quadratic function of water velocity and flow depending on the water depth in the channel was obtained. During the hydraulic calculation, the type of lining of the open rectangular channel should be taken into account in order for the dimensioned channel to be the most favorable in terms of maximum throughput.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2082-2086
Author(s):  
Lu Chen Zhang ◽  
Zhong Qi Yu ◽  
Jian Wei Lv ◽  
Shao Ze Luo

Ship sailing resistance is an important index of cross section size optimization of restricted channel. Through real ship experiment with one typical ship in inland restricted III channel, the relationship between ship sailing resistance and factors such as water depth to draft ratio, discharge section area and so on is studied. And modified calculation formula of ship sailing resistance is put forward. The results show that as water depth to draft ratio decreases, or discharge section area becomes smaller, ship sailing resistance will increase significantly. By introducing two parameters: section blockage ratio and water depth to draft ratio, the Эиванков formula of ship sailing resistance calculation is modified, and the calculation accuracy which the modified formula applied in restricted channel has greatly improved.


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