scholarly journals Development of engineering calculator for heating systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Andrei Melekhin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Heat Carrier ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Thermal Loads ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Heating Systems

The author has developed an engineering calculator for calculating the heat flow for heating buildings according to the enlarged parameters of the object. The algorithm of the calculator is based on the method of determining the amount of heat energy and heat carrier in water systems of municipal heat supply. The author carried out a systematic analysis of thermal loads on heating of buildings in Russia according to the data of implemented building projects. With this in mind, new coefficients a, n were calculated to determine the specific heating characteristics of the building for newly constructed buildings. The algorithm for calculating the heating of buildings according to the enlarged parameters of the object is corrected. The calculation algorithm is implemented in the software

scholarly journals METHODS FOR CALCULATING NETWORK PARAMETERS IN REGULATING THE COMPLEX OF WORKS ON MODERNIZATION OF THE HEAT SUPPLY SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Yushchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Heating Networks

In Ukraine, where, unlike the countries of the European Union that use district heating systems and have invested more than €80 billion in their modernization over the past 30 years, during 1990-2020 there was no necessary investment in the modernization of district heating systems, especially badly worn out heating systems combined heat and power plants and heating networks, losses of thermal energy in heat sources and networks are the largest in Europe, rational work is needed to further improve the technical level of heat supply systems based on innovative, highly efficient technologies and equipment; reduction of non-production losses of heat energy and fuel consumption; ensuring controllability, reliability, safety and efficiency of heat supply; reducing the negative impact on the environment. And in this case, the planning of works that are significant in terms of volume, cost and time becomes especially relevant to the use of economic and mathematical models and methods existing in the theory of planning and network management, such as the Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation and Review Technique, Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique, which involve working with networks, and related software like Project Standard, Open Plan, Primavera Project Planner, SureTrak Project Manager and others that will help generate invariants of management decisions regarding the sequencing and timing of use limited resources throughout the entire period of the project, dynamically adjust the timing of the start of each type of work, carry out the optimal distribution of funds allocated to the project in terms of reducing the duration of the entire project, analyze the trade-off relationships between p the costs and timing of various works, taking into account the available reserve of time, when it comes to a large number of interrelated works that must be performed in a strict technological sequence, require timing and control in order to achieve the task. The article is devoted to the systematization and review of such methods for calculating network parameters (network graphics) such as analytical, matrix, tabular and with the use of electronic computers (computers). The expediency of adapting them to the practice of effective planning and management of modernization, reconstruction and replacement of technological equipment of heat points and heating networks of heat power enterprises in order to reduce costs in the production, transmission and distribution of heat energy for the implementation of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035 is substantiated.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF HEAT LOAD CONTROL IN CENTALIZED HEATING NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Alexander Shkarovskiy ◽  
◽  
Anatolii Kolienko ◽  
Vitalii Turchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Carrier ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Carrier Temperature ◽  
Heating Networks

The paper presents the results of studies aimed to increase the efficiency of centralized heating networks by improving heat supply control at the plant and at the local level. With this in view, we considered issues of choosing the optimal heat supply schedule and its influence on the efficiency of heat generation, transportation and use, as well as the influence of the heat carrier temperature on heat losses at the corner of the temperature curve. We also studied the influence of the heat carrier temperature in the return pipe of heating networks on the operation of heat generators by using various control methods. Another issue considered in the course of the study was the issue of ensuring the hydraulic and thermal stability of heating networks and heating systems connected to them by using the combined control method. The methodology of the study was based on the analysis of heat balance equations for the steady-state operation of a complex including a heating network and a building’s heating system. As a result, we obtained relationships that make it possible to determine the variation in the heat carrier flow rate and temperature depending on the heat load, as well as the reduction in energy consumption for heat carrier transportation. Recommendations were developed for the introduction of combined heat load control. A scheme for the reconstruction of central heat stations is proposed. The scientific and practical results of the study can be used to prevent significant heat losses, ensure optimal operation of heating networks, heat generators, and heating systems, reduce energy consumption, and increase the overall efficiency of centralized heating networks.

scholarly journals Analysis of procedures for heating, ventilation and air conditioning for transfer to low-temperature heat supply

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Stanislav Chicherin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Renovation of housing stock supposes construction of new buildings, where the main utilities consuming heat energy will be heating and hot water supply (HWS) systems. Under such conditions the task of heat consumption reduction by transfer to low-temperature and use of the associated procedures is relevant. Materials and Methods. Research was performed on the basis of residential and administration buildings designed within the whole Russia, the facilities were selected based on the year of putting into operation and their purpose. The source of data concerning buildings became documents included into the scope of the design and detailed documentation: plans, drawings and explanatory notes. As meeting the demands of hot water supply makes the main contribution to daily nonuniformities of heat energy consumption, the attention was paid to equipment of hot water supply systems. For calculations, the commercial product of Microsoft Office Excel 2010 was used. Results. During selection of roof boiler house as a source of heat supply increase in consumption of equivalent fuel in relation to the variant of connection to heat power plant operating on solid fuel by 187,314 tons of fuel oil equivalent is possible. General refusal from power-and-heat generation complicates operation of large district heat supply systems. The design parameters of coolant in building heating system differ from project to project: from 95/70 °С, used everywhere till the beginning of the XXI century, up to 90/65 °С corresponding to existing practice of designing or 80/60 °С as at the facility in Sevastopol. Reduction of design temperatures by 5 % is insufficient to decrease general heat consumption of the building. Reduction of heat consumption is explained by selection of advanced materials for pipeline heat insulation. Use of automation diagrams for heat points on the basis of regulator ECL Comfort 310 contributes to improvement of hydraulic control for heating systems, however, concealed automation results in violation of high-quality mode for heat network control and decrease of coolant parameters on adjacent (often non-automated) consumers. Conclusions. Supplement of central high-quality control by local constant temperature/variable flow control at individual heat unit and installation of temperature controllers on heating radiators with mechanical thermostatic head have potential for reduction of the heat energy volume used ineffectively. Increase in level of controllability for heating system together with cheaper and responsive automation systems are basic conditions for increase in quality of heat supply in future.

scholarly journals Technological Innovation in the Aspect of Safety in the Process of Heat Supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wrzalik ◽  
Matevž Obrecht
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn recent years heating in Poland has been transformed as a result of the priorities of the country's energy policy implemented within the European Union. The increase in energy security, the development of renewable energy sources and the fulfilment of legal and environmental requirements are very important. Exploitation of district heating systems should ensure reliable and safe heat supplies for industrial and municipal customers with high energy efficiency and reduction of environmental impact. The article discusses the conditions and directions of centralized heating systems development as well as technical and economic issues, which are important for the security of heat supply. The Author describes selected technological innovations used in the technical infrastructure for heat transfer and modern IT systems which are improving the management of heating systems. The article includes the results of simulation research with use of IT tools showing the impact of selected innovations on the improvement of network operation conditions. Directions of modernization of heating systems in the aspect of increasing energy efficiency and security of heat supply have also been indicted here.

scholarly journals Using the Paratunsky geothermal field to provide heating for Kamchatka

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
A. V. Kiryukhin ◽  
N. B. Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Potential Market

The Paratunsky geothermal field has been in operation since 1964, mostly in a self-flowing mode, with a discharge rate of approximately 250 kg/s of thermal water at temperatures of 70–90°С (47 Mw, with the waste water having a temperature of 35°С). The water drawn from the field is used for local heating, spa heating, and for greeneries in the villages of Paratunsky and Termal’nyi (3000 residents). The potential market of thermal energy in Kamchatka includes Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii (180000 residents), Elizovo (39 000), and Vilyuchinsk (22 000). The heat consumption in the centralized heating systems for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii is 1 623 000 GCal per annum (216 Mw). A thermohydrodynamic model developed previously is used to show that the Paratunsky geothermal reservoir can be operated in a sustainable mode using submersible pumps at an extraction rate of as much as 1375 kg/s, causing a moderate decrease in pressure (by no more than 8 bars) and temperature (by no more than 4°С) in the reservoir. Additional geothermal sources of heat energy may include the Verkhne-Paratunsky and Mutnovsky geothermal fields.

scholarly journals Heat Pump Cycle Efficiency for Heat Supply

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Mykola Bosiy ◽  
◽  
Olexandr Kuzyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

The aim of the article is to analyze the literature and scientific publications on the effectiveness of the heat pump in heat supply systems and to study the efficiency of using the steam compression cycle of a heat pump in a heat supply system. Тo conduct energy and exergy analysis of heat pump efficiency indicators, the working fluid of which is freon R134a, when using natural waters as a source of low-potential thermal energy. The article analyzes the literature sources and scientific publications on the effectiveness of the heat pump in heat supply systems. The results of research of efficiency of application of the heat pump in systems of heat supply at use of natural waters as a source of low-potential thermal energy are presented. Energy and exergy analysis of heat pump efficiency indicators, the working fluid of which is R134a freon, was performed. The energy efficiency of the heat pump cycle was determined by the conversion factor of the heat pump. The thermodynamic efficiency of the heat pump in heat supply systems was evaluated using exergetic efficiency, which is one of the main indicators of the efficiency of heat pump processes and cycles. The calculation of energy indicators of the heat pump, such as: specific heat load in the evaporator and condenser, as well as the conversion factor of the heat pump. The calculation of exergetic efficiency for ambient temperature from +10 to -10 ºC. Thus, the energy and exergy analysis of the efficiency of the heat pump, the working fluid of which is Freon R134a with a conversion factor = 4.8. This indicates that the heat pump is a reliable, highly efficient, environmentally friendly source of energy for use in heating systems. A heat pump heating system will always consume less primary energy than traditional heating systems if natural water is used as a low-temperature heat source for the heat pump. The efficiency of the steam compression cycle of the heat pump largely depends on the temperature of low-potential heat sources. The use of HV in heating systems reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional types of heat supply, which is relevant to the ecological state of the environment.

Methods for Comprehensive Analysis of Heat Supply Reliability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-142
Author(s):  
V. A. Stennikov ◽  
I. V. Postnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Heat Supply System ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Reliability

The paper deals with the problem of comprehensive analysis of heat supply reliability for consumers. It implies a quantitative assessment of the impact of all stages of heat energy production and distribution on heat supply reliability for each consumer of the heat supply system. A short review of existing methods for the analysis of fuel and heat supply reliability is presented that substantiates the key approaches to solving the problem of comprehensive analysis of heat supply reliability. A methodological approach is suggested, in which mathematical models and methods for nodal evaluation of heat supply reliability for consumers are developed and the studies on the impact of different elements of fuel and heat supply systems on its level are described. Mathematical modeling is based on the Markov random processes, models of flow distribution in a heat network, deterministic dependences of thermal processes of heat energy consumption and some other models.

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