scholarly journals Sub- and supercritical water in the processes of conversion of Domanik rock organic matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Z.R. Nasyrova ◽  
G.P. Kayukova ◽  
A.E. Chemodanov ◽  
A.V. Vakhin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Domanik Rock ◽  
Intensive Formation ◽  
Paramagnetic Properties

Studies on the conversion of organic matter of high-carbon Domanik (siliceous-clay carbonate) rock of the Romashkinskoye deposit with a mineral content Corg of 7.07% in sub- and supercritical water have been carried out. It was shown that subcritical water at a temperature of 320°С and 17.0 MPa leads to a partial decomposition of the kerogenic structure, increasing the yield of bitumen from 3.12 to 3.98%, and a more complete recovery of asphaltenes and heavy C22-C30 n-alkanes from the rock sample. Supercritical water at temperatures of 374 and 420°C and pressures above 24.4 MPa leads to intensive formation of hydrocarbon and inorganic gases in the processes of kerogen decomposition, destruction of aliphatic substituents from condensed heteroatomic structures of resins and asphaltenes, and the carbonate component of Domanik rock. Degradation of the organic matter of the Domanik rock is also accompanied by the formation of saturated hydrocarbons with an increased content of light C12-C21 n-alkanes, and carbonaceous substances, such as carbene-carboids. Changes in the structure of asphaltenes and their paramagnetic properties were determined by the EPR method. The influence of sub- and supercritical water on phase changes in the composition of rock minerals, as well as on the yield and composition of formed gases, was revealed.

Transformation of the Organic Matter of Low-Permeability Domanik Rock in Supercritical Water and 1-Propanol (A Review)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Nasyrova ◽  
G. P. Kayukova ◽  
A. V. Vakhin ◽  
E. I. Shmeleva ◽  
A. N. Mukhamedyarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Domanik Rock

Transformation of Organic Matter of Domanik Rock from the Romashkino Oilfield in Sub- and Supercritical Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Nasyrova ◽  
G. P. Kayukova ◽  
N. M. Khasanova ◽  
A. V. Vakhin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Transformation Of Organic Matter ◽  
Domanik Rock

scholarly journals Gasification of Biomass in Supercritical Water, Challenges for the Process Design—Lessons Learned from the Operation Experience of the First Dedicated Pilot Plant

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Boukis ◽  
I. Katharina Stoll
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Combustible Gas ◽  
Supercritical Water Gasification ◽  
Robust Process

Gasification of organic matter under the conditions of supercritical water (T > 374 °C, p > 221 bar) is an allothermal, continuous flow process suitable to convert materials with high moisture content (<20 wt.% dry matter) into a combustible gas. The gasification of organic matter with water as a solvent offers several benefits, particularly the omission of an energy-intensive drying process. The reactions are fast, and mean residence times inside the reactor are consequently low (less than 5 min). However, there are still various challenges to be met. The combination of high temperature and pressure and the low concentration of organic matter require a robust process design. Additionally, the low value of the feed and the product predestinate the process for decentralized applications, which is a challenge for the economics of an application. The present contribution summarizes the experience gained during more than 10 years of operation of the first dedicated pilot plant for supercritical water gasification of biomass. The emphasis lies on highlighting the challenges in process design. In addition to some fundamental results gained from comparable laboratory plants, selected experimental results of the pilot plant “VERENA” (acronym for the German expression “experimental facility for the energetic exploitation of agricultural matter”) are presented.

Oxidation of Alloy-X in Subcritical, Transition, and Supercritical Water

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3881 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Karmiol ◽  
Dev Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Before And After

This work investigates the oxidation of a nickel based superalloy, namely Alloy X, in water at elevated temperatures: subcritical water at 261°C and 27 MPa, the transition between subcritical and supercritical water at 374°C and 27 MPa, and supercritical water at 380°C and 27 MPa for 100 hours. The morphology of the sample surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy coupled with focused ion beam milling, and the surface chemistry was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after exposure studies. Surfaces of all samples were identified to comprise of a ferrite spinel containing aluminum.

scholarly journals Analysis of Wastewater Generated in Greenhouse Soilless Tomato Cultivation in Central Europe

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Mielcarek ◽  
Joanna Rodziewicz ◽  
Wojciech Janczukowicz ◽  
Artur Dobrowolski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Soilless Cultivation

Soilless plantations under cover constitute a significant part of horticulture. This study aimed at determining the qualitative composition of wastewater generated from the soilless cultivation of tomato under cover. This is important for managing the wastewater, which may be recirculated to allow the or employ a partial or complete recovery of minerals. Two plantations located in north-eastern Poland, which differed in the type of substratum (coconut fiber or rockwool), were studied. The generated wastewater was characterized by a low content of organic matter and a high concentration of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and salinity (EC). Over 99% of the TN was constituted by nitrates. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) changed from 50.07 to 75.82 mgO2·L−1 (greenhouse 1), and from 37.35 to 78.12 mgO2·L−1 (greenhouse 2); the content of TN changed from 403.59 to 614.89 mgN·L−1 (greenhouse 1), and from 270.00 to 577.40 mgN·L−1 (greenhouse 2); that of TP changed from 35.44 to 78.00 mgP·L−1 (greenhouse 1), and from 54.10 to 104.00 mgP·L−1 (greenhouse 2); and the EC changed from 3.53 to 6.93 mS·cm−1 (greenhouse 1), and from 4.94 to 6.94 mS·cm−1 (greenhouse 2). No statistically significant correlations were noted between TN and TP, or between TP and EC.

Pore types, pore-network analysis, and pore quantification of the lacustrine shale-hydrocarbon system in the Late Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. SF63-SF79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Loucks ◽  
Stephen C. Ruppel ◽  
Xiangzeng Wang ◽  
Lucy Ko ◽  
Sheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Ductile Material ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

Continental Upper Triassic Yanchang “black shales” in the southeastern Ordos Basin have been proven to be unconventional gas reservoirs. Organic-matter-lean and organic-matter-rich argillaceous mudstones form reservoirs that were deposited in a deeper water lacustrine setting during lake highstands. In the stratified lake, the bottom waters were dysaerobic to anoxic. This low-energy and low-oxygen lake-bottom setting allowed types II and III organic matter to accumulate. Interbedded with the argillaceous mudstones are argillaceous arkosic siltstones deposited by gravity-flow processes. Rock samples from the Yanchang Chang 7–9 members are very immature mineralogically. Mineral grains are predominantly composed of relatively equal portions of quartz and feldspar. The high clay-mineral content, generally greater than 40%, has promoted extensive compaction of the sediments, permitting the ductile material to deform and occlude interparticle pores. Furthermore, this high clay-mineral content does not favor hydraulic fracturing of the mudstone reservoir. The pore network within the mudstones is dominated by intraparticle pores and a lesser abundance of organic-matter pores. Interparticle pores are rare. The mean Gas Research Institute (GRI) crushed-rock porosity is 4.2%. Because the pore network is dominated by poorly connected intraparticle pores, permeability is very low (the GRI-calculated geometric mean permeability = 9.9 nd). The dominance of intraparticle pores creates a very poor correlation between GRI porosity and GRI permeability. Several methods of porosity analysis (GRI crushed rock, nitrogen adsorption, and point count) were conducted on each samples, and the results were compared. There is no significant correlation between the three methods, implying that each method measures different pore sizes or types. There is also no relationship between the porosity and permeability and total organic carbon. Much of the mature (peak oil window) organic matter is nonporous, suggesting that it is of type III. Most of the organic-matter pores are in migrated solid bitumen. Overall, the samples analyzed have low porosity and permeability for mudrocks.

Effet de certains paramètres physico-chimiques sur les relations prédateurs–proies dans les populations de copépodes cyclopoïdes des mares temporaires d'eau douce

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Louise Vallières ◽  
Antoine Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Copepod populations of three temporary freshwater pools (Alnus unit, Carex unit, and Molinia unit) were studied using a standard approach (species versus abiotic factors) and a holistic one (body size and feeding ecology). Multiple regression analyses of data indicate that the physical and chemical features of water (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, mineral content, and depth) explain 62 to 98% of the variability of carnivorous copepods, while the abundance of their prey accounts for much less. No size class of prey seems to be preferred. The abundance of decaying organic matter, typical of such pools, would result in an overabundance of prey. Predators would then be under the control of nonalimentary factors.

Removal Efficiency of Organic Substance in Municipal Sludge by Supercritical Water Oxidation

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1732-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Cong Jun Sun ◽  
Jian Feng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Supercritical Water Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Resident Time

In this study efficiency of organic matter in municipal wastewater sludge treated by supercritical water is investigated. Influences of main reaction parameters, including temperature (380~500°C), pressure (23-30 MPa), residence time (1-10 min), oxidant dose (100%-200%), were evaluated. Orthogonal Array design was applied in order to consider each parameters impact on COD removal. Study results indicate that 97.89% of COD in the sludge sample can be removed in 10min at 500°C, 30MPa and 200% H2O2oxidant excess dose. Temperature, pressure, resident time are main factors to affect the reaction, while oxidant dose has a little effect on removal of COD in municipal wastewater sludge. The conclusion is the organic matter in municipal wastewater sludge can be removed effectively by super critical water oxidation.

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