scholarly journals Analysis of environmental problems of crop production and ways to solve them

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Yuri Shirokov ◽  
Valery Tikhnenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Biotechnical System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Environment

The article deals with engineering and technological problems of improving the environmental safety of crop production as a complex biotechnical system, for the environment, consumers of crop production and machine operators who ensure production in the field. It is noted that the impact of agriculture on the environment and humans is not only promoting global warming, participation in environmental pollution by pesticides and undigested remnants of mineral and organic fertilizers, the pollution of the production of field crops with residual amounts of pesticides and food is not absorbed nitrogen, toxic threat environment in the area of the machine, but unsustainable use of non-renewable resources, the availability of which depend on agricultural technologies. The main directions of minimizing environmental pollution and reducing dependence on non-renewable resources as a result of agricultural activities are shown.

scholarly journals Models of the production process of agricultural plants for the analysis of the elements of some farming systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
V.L. Badenko ◽  
◽  
A.G. Topazh ◽  
S.A. Medvedev ◽  
E.T. Zakharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
The Impact

Currently, there are major changes in the concept of designing farming systems. They are associated with bridging the gap between socio-economic demands for increasing agricultural production and the scientific justification for sustainable agricultural land use. The article presents the results of solving this problem based on the use of an integrated system for modeling the production process of agricultural plants developed by the authors. This system was applied to analyze various agricultural technologies, in particular, alternative strategies for planning crop rotations in cropping systems. For this, the following tools existing in the environment of the developed system were used: 1) long-term analysis of a possible change in the fertility of agricultural fields when using different agricultural technologies; 2) substantiation of the selected crop rotation scheme, which includes various agricultural technologies and resource-saving measures; 3) model-based approach to assess the comparative effectiveness of alternative land use strategies. The first part of the article presents the results obtained using tools for assessment alternative agricultural technologies for harvesting associated with the abandonment or removal of plant residues from the agricultural field, as well as the impact of these agricultural technologies on the parameters of soil fertility in the long term. The results of the simulation show that the abandonment of crop residues has a positive effect on the dynamics of humus in the soil and on the nitrogen content in the meter soil layer. In the second part of the article, the results of the analysis of the comparative effectiveness of various crop rotation schemes and such agricultural activities as the application of organic fertilizers, the use of leguminous and winter catch crops are presented. The analysis made it possible to rank these measures in terms of the effectiveness of the impact on agricultural production; the use of organic fertilizers (manure) and including legumes in the crop rotation were the most effective ones. The presented results demonstrate the potential demand for the proposed methods and the developed integrated system for modeling the production process of agricultural plants to substantiate the elements of farming systems and analyze their impact on sustainable development.

Regulation of nitrogen-carbon interactions in agroecosystems in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Velichko ◽  
О. Demidenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Atmospheric Layer ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To determine the specifi ed parameters of the complex model of nitrogen-carbon circulation while using different types of crop rotation, kinds of organic fertilizers and ways of soil cultivation in agroecosystems of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. Specifi c types of organic fertilizers affect the emission of СО 2 into the lowest atmospheric layer: in case of humus the typical emission interval is 25–85 t/ha, while in case of secondary products it is 70–160 t/ ha. The impact of the way of chernozem preparation on nitrogen-carbon circulation is manifested in the fact that in case of subsurface tillage the carbon balance in soil was positively increasing compared to ploughing. The interval of СО 2 emission into the lowest atmospheric layer due to the mineralization of humus and organic fertilizers with ploughing changes in a wider range compared against subsurface tillage. Conclusions. The nitrogen-carbon interactions are impaired due to the introduction of humus and removal of secondary products beyond the boundaries of the agroecosystem in the course of ploughing. The application of ground secon- dary products of crop production as organic fertilizers, wrapped up into the surface layer of chernozem during the subsurface tillage of soil, simulates the natural course of nitrogen-carbon circulation in agroecosystems of different types. Natural soil formation process is simulated due to the activation of photosynthetic activity of cultivated crops with СО 2 saturation in the lowest atmospheric layer, which provides for extensive restoration of chernozem fertility in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Fertilizer effect on some basil bioactive compounds and yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teofil Gavrić ◽  
Josip Jurković ◽  
Drena Gadžo ◽  
Lejla Čengić ◽  
Emina Sijahović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. Basil is grown in different regions with varying climates; the productivity and quality are influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors. This study was aimed to determine the impact of the application of different types of fertilizers on the yield and contents of some bioactive components in basil. The treatments consisted of three different types of fertilizers (mineral, organomineral, and organic) and control (without fertilization). The yield per plant and the essential oil content with fertilizer treatment were better than that in control. The highest fresh yield (450.9 g per plant) and oil content (0.94 mL 100 g-1) were recorded in basil cultivated using mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, the fresh yield (333.9 and 327.8 g per plant) and oil content (0.87 and 0.85 mL 100 g-1) were higher after the application of organic and organomineral fertilizers compared to that in the control treatment. There was no significant effect of fertilizer application on the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrated a suitable practical application of organomineral fertilizers as a nutrient source in basil crop production in areas where the use of mineral and organic fertilizers is limited.

scholarly journals KMAS as a Tool for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies in Nagaon District of Assam

2021 ◽  
pp. 290-294
Author(s):  
Sinki Barman ◽  
Niranjan Deka ◽  
Pallavi Deka
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Technology Dissemination ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

Development of Agricultural and allied activities can be achieved through various approaches of Information and communication (ICT) tools. Kisan Mobile Advisory system (KMAS) is one of ICT approaches for dissemination of agricultural technologies to the farming community through SMSs. KVK, Nagaon created a registered farmers group and information related to crop production, insect pest control, dairy and poultry farming, fishery and other marketing related information was sent to users in monthly basis for many years. A sample size of 100 registered farmers were selected for the study in order to examine the impact of KMAS for technology dissemination in Nagaon district.  With the help of Pretested scheduled with Simple Random sampling data were collected and analyze in percent analysis. The survey showed that majority of the farmers found agricultural information as increase in knowledge (41.00%), partially applicable (73.00%).  The overall impact of the KMAS was low About at 55 percent, medium at 38 per cent and high at 7 per cent. Further they suggested that messages on latest technologies should be served flowed by local language, voice messages.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Climate Mitigation Adoption Technologies in Improving Rural Households’ Livelihood Outcomes: The Case of Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Beyan Ahmed Yuya ◽  
Nano Alemu Daba
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Asset Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural technologies are seen as an important route out of poverty in most of the developing countries. However, the rates of adoption of these technologies have remained low in most of these countries. This study aim at shedding some light on an evaluation of climate mitigation agricultural adoption technologies, and its contribution to rural livelihood outcomes in Gurawa district using cross sectional data collected from randomly selected 180 sample households during the 2016 crop production season. Multivariate probit and Propensity score matching was used to identify impacts of adoption technologies, and to identify factors affecting smallholder farmers’ multiple technology adoption decisions. The results showed that the probability of adoption of agricultural technologies are influenced by several factors: family size, economical active members, education level, age of the household head, social status, soil fertility status, distance from extension office, land holding, distance to markets and distance to weather road. The impact evaluation results indicated that on average, the participation household in soil conservation has increased food security status and asset accumulation nearly by 38% and 15%, respectively, however it decreases the rate of poverty nearly by 51 percent. Use of improved seeds increased food security status and decreased poverty rate nearly by 38% and 44%, respectively. On the other hand, use of irrigation technology increased food security status and asset accumulation nearly by 23% and 31.8%, respectively, whereas it decreases the rate of poverty nearly by 29 percent. Similarly, adoption of row planting methods increased food security status and asset accumulation nearly by 28.7% and 15.5%, respectively, whereas it decreases the rate of poverty nearly by 51.5 percent. Therefore, policy makers should give due emphasis to the aforementioned variables to increase adoption technologies and improve the livelihood of the rural households.

scholarly journals Legal protection of natural resources from the negative impact of agricultural activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Viktor Mushenok
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the existing mechanisms of legal regulation of the impact of agricultural activities on the environment, as well as the preservation of natural resources necessary to ensure quantitative and qualitative employment in crop production and animal husbandry in agriculture. The position that the quality and level of development of agricultural production directly depends on the state of natural resources is confirmed. The generalization is made that the development of special legal regulation of greening of the norms of the domestic agrarian legislation at obvious strengthening of influence on environment of negative influence of processes of agricultural production does not lose urgency. The following proposals for improving certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» are provided. Legislative consolidation of measures is proposed: reduction of negative impact on the environment of the results of intensification of processes in agriculture; technological development of agricultural production in the field of crop production through the introduction of technologies for biologization (greening) of agriculture and ensuring the production of organic agricultural products; increasing the productivity of arable land and obtaining high and stable yields of the crop industry, provided that sufficient doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, etc. Defined as a prospect for further research – the study and borrowing from domestic legislation of best practices of legal regulation of agricultural relations in the European Union.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy, Agriculture, Macroeconomic and Human-Induced Indicators on Environmental Pollution from 1971 to 2011

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Asumadu-Sarkodie ◽  
Phebe Asantewaa Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the impact of energy, agriculture, macroeconomic and human-induced indicators on environmental pollution from 1971 to 2011 is investigated using the statistically inspired modification of partial least squares (SIMPLS) regression model. There was evidence of a linear relationship between energy, agriculture, macroeconomic and human-induced indicators and carbon dioxide emissions. Evidence from the SIMPLS regression shows that a 1% increase in crop production index will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.71%. Economic growth increased by 1% will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.46%, thus supports the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis that an increase in a country’s economic growth leads to a reduction in environmental pollution. An increase in electricity production from hydroelectric sources by 1% will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.30%, thus increasing renewable energy sources in Ghana’s energy portfolio will help mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Increasing Enteric Emissions by 1% will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 4.22% and a 1% increase in the Nitrogen content of Manure Management will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 6.69%. The SIMPLS regression forecasting exhibited a 5% MAPE from the prediction of carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of raid transshipment in the Kerch strait

2013 ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Inna Kudryk ◽  
Volodymyr Portnoy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the structure and features of the raid transshipment in the Kerch Strait. Analyzing the mechanisms of environmental impact and environmental safety of port facilities on the example of external transshipment raids mooring number 450, number 471 KSCP and transshipment complex “Taman” and mooring number 451 (port Kavkaz). The article analyzes the impact of transfer operations and maintenance of shipboard equipment on the environment. A number of factors to improve the methodology for assessing the ecological status of the marine environment were identified. Key words: environmental safety, maritime complex, raid operations, environmental pollution.

Te inf uence of ergonomic factors on the formation of occupational risk of health disorders of agricultural machine operators

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
Tamara A. Novikova ◽  
Aleksey N. Danilov ◽  
Vladimir F. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. T e leading place in the structure of occupational morbidity of agricultural machine operators is occupied by vertebroneurological diseases, the development of which can be associated with the impact of ergonomic factors of labor activity. T e aim of the study is to assess the ergonomic factors of working conditions on mobile agricultural machinery and to identify their impact on the formation of health disorders of agricultural machine operators. Materials and methods. Complex physiological and ergonomic researches at operation of tractors and combine harvesters of old samples of domestic production including an assessment of the organization of workplaces on compliance to requirements of ergonomics and anthropometric data of workers, temporary, statodynamic, biomechanical characteristics of working poses and movements, a functional condition of machine operators (130 people aged 20–45 years with professional experience of work not less than three years) in dynamics of a work shift are carried out. Anthropometric studies were conducted among male machine operators (663 people) aged 18–59 years and with experience in the profession for more than three years. Results. The discrepancy between the size and space-layout parameters of workplaces ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data of machine operators, causing the formation of uncomfortable working positions, increasing physical activity and the severity of the labor process. A high degree of correlation between changes in the parameters of the neuromuscular system and the severity of the discrepancy between the ergonomic parameters of anthropometric characteristics of machine operators (r=0,7). T e results of the research allowed to determine the priority measures for the prevention of vertebroneurological diseases in agricultural machine operators. Conclusions. T e organization of workplaces on domestic tractors and combine harvesters of old samples does not meet the ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data of machine operators, which is the reason for the formation of an uncomfortable working posture, increased statodynamic physical activity, early development of fatigue and fatigue in the process, which can cause the development of pathological conditions of the spine and ligamentous apparatus. Ergonomic improvement of workplaces is one of the priority measures to preserve the health of agricultural machine operators.

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