scholarly journals Estimation of the carbon footprint of IoT devices based on ESP8266 microcontrollers

2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Alexander Lukyanov ◽  
Danila Donskoy ◽  
Miroslav Vernezi ◽  
Dmitry Karev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Algorithms ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The development of the Internet of Things contributes to improving network protocols and increasing the requirements for energy efficiency of devices. In the field of the Internet of Things and automation systems, one of the most popular microcontrollers is the ESP8266. This article discusses the leading Internet of Things connection protocols based on ESP8266, such as ESP-NOW, HTTP, and ESP-MESH. The study of the power consumption of this microcontroller in various situations and describes the optimal applications of IoT based on ESP8266. The correct choice of communication means of the ESP8266 microcontroller allows you to reduce its power consumption by more than 10% relative to energyintensive communication algorithms. Compared to the power-intensive MESH network, the reduction in power consumption when using the HTTP protocol is 3.34%, and the percentage of energy-consuming events drops by 50.85%. When using ESP-NOW, energy efficiency increases by 5.35%, and the number of energy-consuming events decreases by 83.05%. The value of the carbon footprint generated by the device during the year was, for the three communication technologies used, 2 kg 500 g, 2 kg 320 g, and 2 kg 290 g of CO2, respectively.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency in Short and Wide-Area IoT Technologies—A Survey

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Eljona Zanaj ◽  
Giuseppe Caso ◽  
Luca De Nardis ◽  
Alireza Mohammadpour ◽  
Özgü Alay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions.

A Review of Cryptographic Algorithms for the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issmat Shah Masoodi ◽  
Bisma Javid
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
The Internet Of Things

There are various emerging areas in which profoundly constrained interconnected devices connect to accomplish specific tasks. Nowadays, internet of things (IoT) enables many low-resource and constrained devices to communicate, do computations, and make smarter decisions within a short period. However, there are many challenges and issues in such devices like power consumption, limited battery, memory space, performance, cost, and security. This chapter presents the security issues in such a constrained environment, where the traditional cryptographic algorithms cannot be used and, thus, discusses various lightweight cryptographic algorithms in detail and present a comparison between these algorithms. Further, the chapter also discusses the power awakening scheme and reference architecture in IoT for constrained device environment with a focus on research challenges, issues, and their solutions.

Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Zelal Gültekin Kutlu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Internet Networks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In this study, the periodical differences of industrial revolutions, which is one of the effects of technological developments in the industrial field, and the last stage of it are mentioned. With the latest industrial revolution called Industry 4.0, machines work in harmony with technology at every stage of industrial areas. This period, known as Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, refers to the system in which the latest production technologies, automation systems, and the technologies that make up this system exchange data with each other. In addition to the information technologies and automation systems used in Industry 3.0, industrial production has gained a whole new dimension with the use of the internet. With internet networks, machines, operators, and robots now work in harmony. At this point, the concept of internet of objects becomes important. Therefore, another focus of the study is the concept of internet of objects. There are some assumptions about the uses, benefits, and future status of the internet of things.

scholarly journals Application of IoT in Healthcare: Keys to Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2330
Author(s):  
Ángeles Verdejo Espinosa ◽  
José Luis Lopez Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Mata Mata ◽  
Macarena Espinilla Estevez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Internet Of Things

We live in complex times in the health, social, political, and energy spheres, and we must be aware of and implement new trends in intelligent social health systems powered by the Internet of Things (IoT). Sustainable development, energy efficiency, and public health are interrelated parameters that can transform a system or an environment for the benefit of people and the planet. The integration of sensors and smart devices should promote energy efficiency and ensure that sustainable development goals are met. This work is carried out according to a mixed approach, with a literature review and an analysis of the impact of the Sustainable Development Goals on the applications of the Internet of Things and smart systems. In the analysis of results, the following questions are answered about these systems and applications: (a) Are IoT applications key to the improvement of people’s health and the environment? (b) Are there research and case studies implemented in cities or territories that demonstrate the effectiveness of IoT applications and their benefits to public health? (c) What sustainable development indicators and objectives can be assessed in the applications and projects analyzed?

scholarly journals μPnP-Mesh: The plug-and-play mesh network for the Internet of Things

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Matthys ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Wilfried Daniels ◽  
Sam Michiels ◽  
Wouter Joosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Plug And Play ◽  
The Internet Of Things

scholarly journals Elasticity for MQTT Brokers in IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Linh Manh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Many domains of human life are more and moreimpacted by applications of the Internet of Things (i.e., IoT).The embedded devices produce masses of data day after dayrequiring a strong network infrastructure. The inclusion ofmessaging protocols like MQTT is important to ensure as fewerrors as possible in sending millions of IoT messages. Thisprotocol is a great component of the IoT universe due to itslightweight design and low power consumption. DistributedMQTT systems are typically needed in actual applicationenvironments because centralized MQTT methods cannotaccommodate a massive volume of data. Although beingscalable decentralized MQTT systems, they are not suited totraffic workload variability. IoT service providers may incurexpense because the computing resources are overestimated.This points to the need for a new approach to adapt workloadfluctuation. Through proposing a modular MQTT framework,this article provides such an elasticity approach. In order toguarantee elasticity of MQTT server cluster while maintainingintact IoT implementation, the MQTT framework used offthe-shelf components. The elasticity feature of our frameworkis verified by various experiments.

scholarly journals IOT Home Automation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1820-1823
Author(s):  
Ranjan Navin
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Home Automation System ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most recent technology platform. We may regulate our daily routine work, such as home applications, control, and simple communication systems, using IOT, and improve our digital services. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that intelligently adds everyday content information to the internet in order to facilitate communication between objects and humans, as well as among themselves. In this study, we demonstrate how IoT can improve home automation. The relay, Node MCU, which is a network access component, is used in our suggested system. We can control that equipment using an IoT-based system technique. Mobile phones, computers, and tablets are used as user interfaces in home automation systems. They can connect to the home automation network through a wireless internet connection. The user will interact with the system directly via the control interface, while home appliances will be controlled remotely via a mobile app. An additional aspect of the home automation system is that it may be protected remotely. This redesigned design concept provided a home automation system that could be controlled efficiently. Keywords: IOT, home automation, smart home, relay, response time, Node MCU (ESP8266)

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