scholarly journals The problems of forming a system of green areas as an ecological framework of a large city (on the example of Kyiv)

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
Alla Pleshkanovska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Large City ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Peripheral Ring ◽  
The City ◽  
Planning Problems

Each large city is characterized by its own unique model of spatial organization of green areas, which form the ecological framework of the city and act as a condition for its balanced ecological development. The article presents results of an analysis of the actual state and preconditions for the formation of a system of green areas of public use of a large city on the example of the city of Kyiv. The model of the ecological framework of Kyiv, in comparison with the models of other European cities, is characterized. The specificity of the spatial organization of the landscaping system is marked by the presence of a powerful water-green diameter in the central part of the city, formed by the valley of the Dnipro River with islands, and a developed peripheral-ring forest park belt. The central and middle densely developed area of the city suffers from a significant lack of green areas for public use. The article formulates urban planning problems completion of the formation of an integrated ecological network of Kyiv, and outlined areas for improving the city's landscaping system.

scholarly journals Update on the invasion status of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868), in Madrid, a large city in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Diego López-Collar ◽  
Francisco J. Cabrero-Sañudo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Large City ◽  
Linepithema Humile ◽  
Argentine Ant ◽  
Invasive Ant ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The City

New geolocated records of the invasive ant Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) are added to the previous references for the city of Madrid and its surroundings, and the possible causes of the occurrence and permanence of this species in urban areas are discussed. The data collection corresponds to a series of samplings carried out for the last three years in green areas of the city, bibliographic searches, citizen science platforms and personal communications. To date, eleven locations in the urban area of Madrid and four points outside the city have been registered. The city of Madrid is undergoing a colonisation by the Argentine ant, although it is not widespread yet, since observations over time and space are isolated and apparently unrelated. However, this species has a great capacity to disperse and establish new colonies, mainly human-mediated through the transport of goods, plants, gardening tools, etc. Considering the numerous colonizable urban green areas in the city that can provide the necessary conditions for its expansion, the Argentine ant should not be underestimated, and immediate action is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals FOREST TERRITORIES IN THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF LVIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 232-247
Author(s):  
Halyna Petryshyn ◽  
Roman Liubytskyy
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Large City ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Suburban Forests ◽  
The City

The sphere of life of a large city includes forests as a natural resource and areas of its expansion and now they serve to implement modern eco-trends. In the evolution of Lviv we can distinguish several stages of relation to forested areas: 1 - exemption from forests of areas suitable for farming, horticulture and construction; 2 – the early 19th century. - planting of new forests for economic and rehabilitation purposes; 3 - the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries - the development of the recreational function of forests under the influence of hygienists, especially at water sources; 4 - the end of the 19th century and before 1939 - the development of the city of Lviv with new streets and compact plots according to the urban concepts of "villa in the park" and "garden city", which are wedged into the forest park areas; 5 - the second half of the 20th century. The rapid territorial development of industrial Lviv causes the emergence of large residential areas on the outskirts of the city. According to strict regulatory requirements for providing residents with green areas, part of the suburban forests were allocated for the establishment of local parks. A trade union recreation centers are developing around the city; 6 - 1980s - under the influence of the concept of a polarized landscape in conditions of state ownership of land and its resources, in suburban forests and in the city, separate plots with unique characteristics are distinguished, on the basis of which objects of nature reserve fund are created; 7 - from the 1990s and until now - the spreading of the city and the defragmentation of forests are observed. At the same time, the creation of new nature reserve facilities in Lviv and in the suburban area were performed as well as the formation of new reserves and their inclusion into European ecological networks. At the same time, the process of permanent alienation of forest areas in favor of the spread of development is intensifying. The most vulnerable are the territories of Bryukhovychi and Vynnyky forest parks, which are fully included in the united territorial community of Lviv approved in 2020.

scholarly journals Impact of construction activities on the environment of cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042019
Author(s):  
N Vinogradova ◽  
D Kravchenko ◽  
V V Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Large City ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Careful Thought

Abstract Methods of reducing damage to the environment during construction, territorial planning, as well as measures for the improvement of territories aimed at its restoration are considered. The environmental problems of a large city and the assessment of the impact of urban planning objects on the environment have been studied in detail. The paper shows the need to revise the traditional principles of the formation of the urban framework. The paper rightly notes that if earlier much attention was paid to the formation of a technogenic framework of the city – a life support system consisting of transport and engineering infrastructures of the city, today the formation of the ecological framework of the city is becoming increasingly important. The high importance of the ecological (water-green) frame of the city as a system is determined by the fact that water bodies and adjacent territories, “green open” spaces can significantly affect the quality and state of the urban environment, and with careful thought-out, the formation of the ecological frame will help to ensure the integrity of the entire natural and technical urban system.

scholarly journals Traditions and innovations in the structure of the center of the historic city

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
L. Skoryk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Large City ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Development ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

The article examines the main ways of resolving permanent contradictions between the historical features of the center of a large city and the modern needs of society in the process of urban modernization, taking into account the particular complexity of the problem of reconstructing their central parts. The town-planning substance of the city center, which was formed over the centuries, has outstanding architectural and historical advantages, the need to preserve and multiply them has ceased to be the subject of discussion; today it is recognized as an act of special social, cultural, aesthetic and moral significance. At the same time, intensive urban growth, the evolution of society and its needs, involves the development and transformation of the whole system of cultural and public services of the city, the highest level of which is a city center, capable of It is the center of the city that has a concentrated imagination of the unusualness, much needed for city residents, too uniform in the processes of technological progress. With undoubted merits aimed at raising the civilizational level, these processes are inseparable from the threat of erasing individual traits and various spheres of life and human activity. This fact underlies emotionally – an aesthetic phenomenon, as today is the pronounced gravitation of the inhabitants of anonymous areas of cities to the uniqueness of historical urban environment in one way or another stored in the historical centers of large urban integrating various parts of the urban structure into a holistic urban formations. The connection of times in the process of city development should ensure the continuity of the path from historical experience to the realization of existing needs and from it to the notions of the future, which gives grounds for determining promising goals already in the present reality. Ensuring the continuity of the path of historical development of the city while preserving the integrity and individuality of its image requires the development of characteristic methods of its formation that simultaneously meet modern requirements. The relationship between the categories of traditions and innovation determines continuity as the main condition for the progressive movement in the development of cultural values, and is primarily in architecture and town-building art, forming the environment of the existence of a number of generations and epochs, thereby imparting a concrete existential expression to the problem of continuity. The problems of «old and new» in the structure of the central parts of historical cities require a comprehensive solution of the main tasks: analysis of the interdependence of the functional and planning categories of the urban center structure and the characteristic manifestations of functional planning solutions of different time periods; to reveal the basic principles of co-position-spatial interaction of the elements of the city center system on the basis of factors affecting the character of the spatial organization of the microstructures of the center in the process of their historical development; definitions of the main directions of the volumetric-plastic harmonization of the existing and new development on the basis of an analysis of the methods of architectonic revalorization and modern interpretation of the characteristic features of the historical architectural substance in accordance with the general informative background of the environment.

ESTIMATION OF RECREATIONAL LOAD OF ORYOL CITY URBAN PARK «KUL'TURY I OTDYKHA»

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Mikhail Slepnev ◽  
Evgeniya Filyakova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Large City ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Ecological Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article considers the impact of recreational load on the natural-anthropogenic region — Central park «Kul'tury I Otdykha» in the city of Oryol. To ensure the sustainable development of natural areas, the ability of components of the environment to heal itself in the conditions of anthropogenic impact is of particu-lar importance. Most of the anthropogenic load in a large city is the recreational load, which significantly affects the natural frame of urban areas. Recreational load causes a significant degradation of the natural complex of the city, and its value is determined by the planning structure of urban development, which deter-mines the distribution of population density and transport accessibility of recreation facilities. Calculated data revealed the recreational load from the planning structure of the residential area located within walking distance from the coastal recreational zone. Ensuring the safety of urban parks, it is necessary to work with complete and reliable information that can only be obtained through regular monitoring studies. The spatial organization of coastal recreational zones should meet the objectives of maintaining and improving the eco-logical balance of recreational areas, as well as the formation of a comfortable architectural and planning structure of recreational zones and the selection of the most significant recreational formations based on the ecological and recreational capabilities of natural areas and the needs of the population. In this regard, it is necessary to develop functional zoning of natural-anthropogenic regions to regulate the level of recreational impact, and ensure the sustainability of ecological systems of the city. To monitor the level of anthropogenic impacts, the definition is used — the ecological capacity, which is determined by the limiting values of an-thropogenic loads determined on the basis of field observations.

scholarly journals SETTLEMENT TERRITORY AS A LEADING COMPONENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF A BIG CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
V. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large City ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Spatial Framework ◽  
The City

The formation of the ecological framework of the city determines its viability in general as a modern settlement structure that meets the requirements of sustainable development. In this case, the ecological framework of the city becomes the basis that will be able to form a single ecosystem of the city and establish a format of connections between its various elements. The purpose of the article was to determine the role of the settlement area in the formation of the ecological framework of a large city. This article identifies the role of residential areas in the formation of the ecological framework of the city. The author analyzes the concept of "ecological framework" and its compliance with the peculiarities of the urban structure. It was found that the ecological framework is mainly interpreted as a natural framework. In an urban environment, this leads to certain inconsistencies. The city also has its own spatial framework, which includes a number of properties and characteristics. Therefore, the author proposes to consider the ecological framework of large cities as a system of interaction of natural and urban frameworks. Establishing the right relationship between them will ensure compliance with the level of environmental safety in the city and its sustainable development. It was established that there is no understanding of the concept of ecological framework in the context of urbanization. Most authors consider the ecological framework exclusively as a natural framework of the territory, which is relevant for large areas outside large cities. It is proposed to take into account the peculiarities of the existence and development of the urban organism, which has its own structure, its own spatial framework. It is determined that the urban framework consists of elements of different functions, which are interconnected by a network of communications. All elements create a certain load on the natural structure of the territory (natural framework). It is proposed to consider the ecological framework of a large city as a combination of natural and urban framework. It is their rational combination that will help to improve the environmental situation as a whole and will meet the conditions of sustainable development of the city. Keywords: ecological framework, settlement territory, natural framework, urbanization, ecological stabilization, ecological knots, ecological corridors.

scholarly journals Hat törvényhatósági jogú város székházépítési pályázata •

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megyeri-Pálffi Zoltán ◽  
Marótzy Katalin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Large City ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
City Hall ◽  
Design Competition ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

A magyar nagyvárosok városházái – amelyek többsége a magyar historizmus legszebb építészeti emlékei közé tartozik – jól reprezentálják azt a robbanásszerű polgárosodást és modernizációt, amely az Osztrák– Magyar Monarchia (1867) létrejöttével bekövetkező változások velejárója volt. Tanulmányunkban a korszak építészeti tendenciáinak megismeréséhez kívánunk egy új szempontot adni: a nagy városházák térszervezetét vizsgáljuk meg a közigazgatási struktúra történeti alakulásának fényében. Ezzel az elemzéssel egyúttal az adminisztráció és az építészet sajátos viszonyrendszerét is megvilágítjuk. A vizsgálat alapját a dualizmus korának magyar építészeti szaksajtójában közölt hat törvényhatósági jogú város részletesebb pályázati dokumentációja adja, amely látványosan tükrözi a korszak városháza- építészeti tendenciáit. Győr (1893–1894), Pécs (1902–1903), Marosvásárhely (1905), Szabadka (1906), Pozsony (1907) és Kolozsvár (1910) városi székházainak tervpályázati anyagát dolgoztuk fel, aminek köszönhetően a városháza mint jelentős közigazgatási épülettípust elemeztük az építészeti funkció és a hely igény relációjában. Így – a legnagyobb városházák pályázatain keresztül – a kor városházáinak mint adminisztratív épületeknek – ismert építészeti reprezentativitása mellett – alaprajzi rendszerükben, helyiség struktúrájukban megfigyelhető speciális vonásait rajzolhatjuk fel. The city halls of the Hungarian large cities – most of which are among the most beautiful architectural monuments of Hungarian historicism – well represent the explosive civilization and modernization that accompanied the changes that took place with the establishment of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy (1867). In our study, we want to give a new perspective to get to know the architectural tendencies of the period: we examine the spatial organization of large city halls in the light of the historical development of the administrative structure. With this analysis, we also shed light on the specific system of relations between administration and architecture. The study is based on the more detailed tender documentation of six cities with municipal rights published in the Hungarian architectural press of the age of dualism, which spectacularly reflects the city hall architectural tendencies of the period. We wrote up the design competition material of the city headquarters of Győr (1893–1894), Pécs (1902– 1903), Târgu Mureş (1905), Subotica (1906), Bratislava (1907) and Cluj-Napoca (1910), thanks to which we analyzed the city hall as a significant administrative building type in relation to architectural function and space requirements. Thus, through the tenders of the largest city halls, we can draw the special features of the city halls of the age as administrative buildings, in addition to their well-known architectural representativeness, in their floor plan system and room structure.

Effects of urbanization on small-mammal communities and the population structure of synurbic species: an example of a medium-sized city

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 554-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Łopucki ◽  
Iwona Mróz ◽  
Łukasz Berliński ◽  
Marzena Burzych
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Large City ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Theories concerning the impact of urbanization on ground-dwelling mammals are mainly based on large-city studies. We investigated whether the negative effects of urbanization are evident in smaller urban areas, where green areas are usually less isolated from their natural surroundings. Livetrapping of small mammals (Rodentia and Soricomorpha) was conducted between 2007 and 2010 in 15 patches within the city of Lublin (Poland) (147.5 km2, population 354 000) and 15 patches in its agricultural surroundings. A decline in species richness and diversity along an urbanization gradient and an increase in the abundance of species best adapted to the city environment (synurbic species) were observed. The main factors influencing ground-dwelling mammals was isolation of green patches, while the management type of green areas had no significant effect. The genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829, particularly the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771)), was the most urban biased. Within the city, A. agrarius alters its habitat preferences and life-history parameters (body mass, seasonal fluctuations, winter survival). Understanding the factors influencing ground-dwelling mammals in medium-sized cities will enable measures to be implemented that could reduce the negative effects of urbanization during urban expansion.

Thematic structure of the GIS database Khabarovsk city protected areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 961 (7) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
G.Y. Morozova ◽  
I.D. Debelaia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Thematic Structure ◽  
City Area ◽  
Gis Database ◽  
The City

Protected areas are key elements of the green infrastructure and ecological framework of cities. They have multifunctional significance as centers of investment attractiveness. The percentage of protected zones in the city’s total area is an indicator of its sustainable development. Their total area in Khabarovsk is 567.8 ha (1.5% of the city area)

APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPLEX GREEN ZONE OF THE CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Ihor Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Green Zone ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
The City

In the article the system of indicators for assessing the balanced functioning of the complex green zone of the city are suggested and substantiated in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. There are distinguished three groups of criteria: ecological, social, and economical. In accordance with each group of criteria there are criteria categories suggested: bioecological, geoecological, landscape and climate-regulating - ecological group; recreational, educational-cultural, and quality of life - social group; market-based and planning - economical group. Each category corresponds to the system of indicators: 27 indicators for the ecological group criteria, 20 for social and 9 for the economical group. The suggested approach to differentiating the criteria for the assessment of the sustainable functioning of the complex green zone of the city allows to summarize and integrate the data about the green zone of the city, define its strong and weak points, and develop a plan for the management of its territories and  increase resilience to human induced pressures. The assessment of the balanced functioning of the complex green zone of Ternopil city was carried out in accordance with the functional-territorial approach. The main geospatial parameters have been defined: deficit of green planting of the forest-park area of CGZC is 614.5 ha, forestry - 2889.5 ha., the deficit of green planting of restricted use is 12 ha, green planting of special-purpose - 62.5 ha., the level of the greening of the city neighborhoods is 4.5 m2/person (at a standard of 6 m2/person). Based on the results of the functional parameters calculations it has been established that  to «provide oxygen» to the residents of Ternopil it needs to increase the area of forests in the forest-part district of CGZC by 83.5 ha to ensure the optimal indicators of recreational capacity of this area, it is essential to increase the area of parks by 90 ha and forests by 965 ha. In Ternopil, the speed of the maximum flow is 6 million m3/hour with the rainfall intensity of 55 mm/hour, while the sewerage network of the city can only handle the flow of 30 thousand m3/hour . Therefore, it could be argued that the complex green zone of Ternopil city is characterized by the imbalance of the main functional-territorial parameters and requires the implementation of the optimization measures.. Key words: sustainable development, complex green zone of the city, indicators, normative parameters, city of Ternopil.

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