scholarly journals Quality of drinking water in rural areas: problems of legal environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 09022
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Yermolenko ◽  
Olena Hafurova ◽  
Maryna Deineha ◽  
Tamara Novak ◽  
Alena Temnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
State Water

The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical analysis of the current state of legal provision of drinking water quality in rural areas. It was stated that in recent years there has been a steady trend of deteriorating quality of water used for drinking in rural areas, including due to increasing levels of nitrate pollution. Proposals have been made for: further implementation of Council Directive 98/83 / EU on the quality of water intended for human consumption and Council Directive 91/676/ EEC on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources in national legislation; elimination of substantive inconsistencies between State sanitary norms and rules 2.2.4-171-10 “Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption” and National Standards of Ukraine 7525: 2014 “Drinking water. Requirements and methods of quality control “in terms of drinking water quality indicators; inclusion in the subjects of state water monitoring of the central executive body that implements the state policy in the field of health care (regarding the monitoring of drinking water); development of the Procedure for state monitoring of nitrate content in surface and groundwater as a component of state water monitoring; forecasting at the level of the National Target Program “Drinking Water of Ukraine” for 2021-2025 “development and operation of a single state information resource - Interactive map of drinking water quality in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Drinking Water Quality in Lahore Residence, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Asim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Quality Of Water

A comprehensive study for the spatial distribution of drinking water quality had been conductedfor residential area of Lahore, Pakistan. The study had made use of the geographic information system(GIS) for geographical representation and spatial analysis of groundwater quality. Physicochemicalparameters including electric conductivity, pH, TDS, Cl, Mg, Ca, alkalinity and bicarbonates from 73 ofthe water samples had been included in the analysis. Water quality data had been geo-referenced followedby its interpolation using inverse distance weighted (IDW) for each of the parameters. Very high alkalinityand bicarbonates values were observed in most parts of the area. For the comprehensive view, water qualityindex map had been prepared using weighted overlay analysis (WOA). The water quality index map wasclassified into five zones of excellent, good, poor, very poor and unfit for drinking as per WHO standardsof drinking water. 21% region had excellent quality of the underground water and 50% was found goodfor drinking. Poor quality of water was found in southeastern part, covering 27% of the study area. Only2% of the area was found under the very poor and unfit water quality conditions for drinking.

scholarly journals A Perspective Analysis of Dams and Water Quality: The Bui Power Project on the Black Volta, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Fosu Gyasi ◽  
Bismark Boamah ◽  
Esi Awuah ◽  
Kenneth Bentum Otabil
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Power Project ◽  
Depth Interviews

Large dams play an important role in promoting economic and social development in many countries. However, the construction of such dams can have a detrimental effect on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions of drinking water quality among inhabitants of selected communities within the Bui Dam environs. With the help of questionnaires, 100 respondents from communities “near to the dam” were randomly selected and interviewed. Their responses were compared with another 100 respondents selected from “far from the dam” communities. These were augmented with in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and personal observation. Analysis of the results showed that, there were greater proportions (31%) of the participants who lived in “near communities” within the age category 20–25 compared to 19% of their “far communities” counterparts. There were significantly greater proportions of female respondents in the “near to the dam” (57%) compared to respondents in the “far from the dam” communities (52%). The study further showed that the perception of risk of consuming contaminated drinking water was more common among “far from the dam” communities (odds ratio = 4.57). The perception of the quality of water based on some physical properties was investigated as part of our study. Analysis of the results showed that significantly greater proportion of the “far from the dam” communities (35%) perceived their water had an objectionable smell compared to 7% of inhabitants of their other counterparts (p value = 0.001). The study further showed that significantly greater proportion of the study participants in the far from the communities perceived that their water had colour (65%) and they did not drink water from any other source (63%) apart from their stream. The study demonstrated that generally, inhabitants within the study communities perceived the construction of the Bui Power Project has negatively affected their drinking water quality.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Drinking Water Quality Parameters for Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yaseen Ahmed Hamaamin ◽  
Jwan Bahadeen Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water is vital for all forms of life on earth. Assessing the quality of water especially drinking water is one of the important processes worldwide which affect public health. In this study, the quality of drinking water in Sulaimani City is monitored for a study period of 1 year. A total number of 78 water samples were collected and analyzed for 17 physical and chemical properties of water supply system to the city. Samples of water are collected from the three main sources of drinking water for Sulaimani City (Sarchnar, Dukan line-1, and Dukan line-2) from February to August 2019. The results of physical and chemical parameters of collected water samples were compared with the World Health Organization and Iraqi standards for drinking water quality. The results of this study showed that mostly all parameters were within the standards except the turbidity parameter which was exceeded the allowable standards in some cases. This research concluded that, in general, the quality of drinking water at the three main sources of Sulaimani City is suitable and acceptable for drinking.

Approach for drinking water quality monitoring in rural areas: Morocco's case

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Benqlilou ◽  
L. Laraki ◽  
A. Outair
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

Rural areas in Morocco are characterized by specific particulars dispersal, remoteness and importance. Considering this particular context, it is necessary to adjust the analysis and treatment methods, the monitoring and sanitary inspection systems. Within this framework, a new methodology was developed with the purpose of supervising and monitoring drinking water quality in rural areas. This methodology consists basically in applying common norms for rural localities bordering existing adductions, and in the adoption of a simplified approach for non-accessible rural localities supplied by autonomous drinking water systems. The simplified approach relies essentially on sanitary inspection data and on the control of parameters that constitute a sanitary risk in the short term (bacteriological parameters). The control of residual chlorine content is so important, for it ensures a high bacteriological quality of water and can offer the opportunity for a quick reaction of the manager. These two approaches are based mainly on resource protection, water disinfection and population awareness about the good use and preservation of water quality. Indeed, in order to ensure the continuity of rural autonomous drinking water systems in terms of quantity and quality of distributed water, various management models were developed: management by means of water user associations, and by a private operator. For these different modes of management, the methodology to adopt for supervising and monitoring drinking water quality in rural areas together with the attribution of tasks and responsibilities was already established. The right of citizens to sustainable and safe water is a stimulating challenge which requires the collaboration and involvement of all acting agents in the sector.

scholarly journals Study of Compliance of Sealed Bottled Water with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard: A Case of Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Prasidha Raj Neupane ◽  
Iswor Bajracharya ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
Hishila Sujakhu ◽  
Pramod Awal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

Bottled water is generally considered safe for drinking. However, several studies have reported the substandard quality of bottled water. Physico-chemical assessment of ten different brands of bottled water distributed in Bhaktapur Municipality was carried out from January 2018 to March 2018. In total, one hundred bottled water samples consisting of ten different brands were collected randomly from various retail outlets. Eight selected physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were analysed following standard methods, and the results were compared with the Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) (2005). Out of one hundred samples, sixty-nine samples did not comply with the standard pH limit. Other physico-chemical parameters were found to comply with the standard though variations were observed in the concentrations among different brands. Microbial contamination was not found in any brands of the bottled water samples considered in this study. However, it is necessary to examine other contaminants such as heavy metals, minerals, and chemicals to know the overall quality of water. Moreover, the regulatory bodies are required to strictly monitor water processing companies for the maintenance of the quality of bottled water.

scholarly journals Endowment Effects and Drinking Water Quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L. Booth ◽  
Todd Guilfoos ◽  
Emi Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Quality Of Water

We conduct a laboratory experiment to test for the existence of the endowment effect—a gap between willingness to accept and willingness to pay—for improved drinking water quality using a within-subject design. We find a statistically significant and positive gap. Willingness to accept is 62 to 125 cents higher than willingness to pay on average, indicating the presence of endowment effects. This gap is robust to information about the quality of water being consumed. We also identify some heterogeneity in the size of the gaps that is associated with differences in subjects' knowledge of drinking water quality and disparities in their incomes.

scholarly journals A probabilistic approach to assessment of the quality of drinking water

Geologos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wątor ◽  
Ewa Kmiecik ◽  
Adam Postawa ◽  
Piotr Rusiniak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Quality Of Water

Abstract Knowledge of uncertainty in analytical results is of prime importance in assessments of compliance with requirements set out for the quality of water intended for human consumption. Assessments of drinking water quality can be performed using either a deterministic or a probabilistic method. In the former approach, every single result is referred directly to the parametric value, while in the probabilistic method uncertainty related to analytical results is taken into account during the decision-making process. In the present research, laboratory uncertainty and uncertainty determined on the basis of results of analyses of duplicate samples collected in two Polish cities were compared and used in the probabilistic approach of water quality assessment. Using the probabilistic method, more results were considered to be “above the parametric value”. Most excesses were observed when the maximum allowable uncertainty as set out in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of 7 December 2017 was used, which is due to the highest values of these uncertainties. The lowest values above parametric values in the probabilistic approach were observed when measurement uncertainty was considered.

scholarly journals Seasonal Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Water Quality Evaluation of Kune-Vaini Lagoon Complex, Lezha, Albania

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-929
Author(s):  
Loreta Vallja ◽  
Nevila Broli ◽  
Alma Shehu ◽  
Sonila Duka ◽  
Majlinda Vasjari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Evaluation ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

The evaluation of the water quality of the Kune-Vain lagoon complex with regard to general physico-chemical and chemical parameters was the main focus of the present study. This evaluation was based on the requirement of Council Directive of 18 July 1978 on the “quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life”, [78/659/EEC] and the requirement of Council Directive of 3 November 1998 relating to the “quality of water intended for human consumption”, [98/83/EC]. Five sampling stations were selected to successfully perform the water monitoring on the Kune-Vaini lagoon complex with a frequency of every two months, from July, 2018- July, 2019. The parameters measured were temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, DO, BOD, TDS, total hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl– and some heavy metals. The monitored lagoons have shown notable differences based on physico-chemical parameters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption and Irrigation in Relation to Arsenic Concentration in Flow Systems in a Semi-Arid Mexican Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8045
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ortiz-Letechipia ◽  
Julián González-Trinidad ◽  
Hugo Enrique Júnez-Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Bautista-Capetillo ◽  
Sandra Dávila-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Semi Arid

The supply of drinking water to the population is an important challenge facing humanity, since both surface and underground sources present a great variability of water storage with respect to space and time. This problem is further aggravated in arid and semi-arid areas where rainfall is low and torrential, which makes groundwater the main source of supply; therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies that allow evaluating the evolution of the quantity and quality of water. This study addresses the behavior of groundwater in a semi-arid region, considering the theory of flow systems to identify movement as well as water quality, es determined by a water quality index (WQI), calculated considering arsenic and fluorine. In addition, a quality irrigation classification is used, employing the norms in accordance with international standards and the Mexican Norm, which allows for a comparison. Local, regional, intermediate and mixed flow systems are identified, and the evolution of cations and anions in addition to temperature is examined. It is observed that the drinking water quality index classifies them as excellent in most of the monitored wells (<50), but with a negative evolution. Regarding irrigation, most of the water samples are classified without restriction for the establishment of any type II crop (C2S1) and with restrictions for horticultural crops. It is observed that arsenic had values between 0.49 and 61.40 (µg/L) in 2005, while in 2015 they were between 0.10 and 241.30 (µg/L). In addition, fluoride presented values between 0.00 and 2.6 (mg/L) in 2005, while in 2015 they were between 0.28 and 5.40 (mg/L). The correlations between arsenic and fluorine are noted as well as WQI and SAR. A finding in this research was to include arsenic and fluorine in the calculation of the WQI allowing a better interpretation of the quality of water for both human consumption and for agricultural use to based on this make the best decision to control any harmful effects for the population, in addition to identifying the appropriate purification treatment required to control pollutants. It is concluded that arsenic is an element of utmost importance when considering water quality, so it is necessary to examine its evolution and continue to monitor its levels constantly.

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