scholarly journals HIC and SSC of Carbon Steel in High Partial Pressure CO2 Environments with Elevated H2S

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zaki Abas ◽  
Azmi Mohammed Nor ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Suhor ◽  
Ahmad Mustaza Ahmad Rusli ◽  
Mokhtar Che Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Surface Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Sour Service

The Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) behaviours of sour service and non-sour service carbon steel API 5L X65 were investigated under high pressure carbon dioxide environments, containing elevated amount of hydrogen sulphide (H2S); the test environments simulated offshore pipelines transporting full-well streams in high carbon dioxide (CO2) environments with elevated H2S concentrations. It was systematically studied under standard NACE condition and high pressure carbon dioxide field condition with variation in other key parameters (temperature, pressure and hydrogen sulfide concentration). The HIC and SSC were tested using a High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) Autoclave. The surface cracking morphology was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Ultrasonic Technique (UT) and Magnetic Particle (MP). The results showed that no cracks were detected in NACE standard and field-condition SSC tests for both sour service and non-sour services carbon steel. In HIC test, crack was detected on non-sour service carbon steel in NACE standard test while no crack was detected on field condition-based tests for both types of carbon steel.

scholarly journals Comparison of 2507 Duplex and 28 % Cr- Austenitic Stainless Steel Corrosion Behavior for High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) in Sour Service Condition with C-ring Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harris Prabowo ◽  
Badrul Munir ◽  
Yudha Pratesa ◽  
Johny W. Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Sour Service

The scarcity of oil and gas resources made High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) reservoir attractive to be developed. The sour service environment gives an additional factor in material selection for HPHT reservoir. Austenitic 28 Cr and super duplex stainless steel 2507 (SS 2507) are proposed to be a potential materials candidate for such conditions. C-ring tests were performed to investigate their corrosion behavior, specifically sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and sulfide stress cracking susceptibility. The C-ring tests were done under 2.55 % H2S (31.48 psia) and 50 % CO2 (617.25 psia). The testing was done in static environment conditions. Regardless of good SSC resistance for both materials, different pitting resistance is seen in both materials. The pitting resistance did not follow the general Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN), since SS 2507 super duplex (PREN > 40) has more pitting density than 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel (PREN < 40). SS 2507 super duplex pit shape tends to be larger but shallower than 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel. 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel has a smaller pit density, yet deeper and isolated.

Fit For Service Qualification for Sour Service High Strength Production Casing For High Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana I. L Lima ◽  
Christelle Gomes ◽  
Carine Landier ◽  
Marilia Lima ◽  
Kevin Schleiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Materials Selection ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Sour Service ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract In recent years the application of high strength carbon steel with 125ksi specified minimum yield strength as a production casing in deepwater and high-pressure reservoirs has increased. Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) can develop when high strength carbon steel is exposed to a sour environment. The H2S partial pressure in these sour reservoirs is above the 0.03 bar limit for this material at room temperature. Materials SSC performance evaluation requires an accurate simulation of field conditions in the laboratory. To evaluate the production casing SSC behavior, some fit for service (FFS) tests were carried out considering the well geothermic temperature profile for the materials selection. This paper presents a fit for service qualification carried out on Casing 125 ksi SMYS (Specified Minimum Yield Strength) materials. Two products with 125ksi SMYS were considered: one that has existed for several years and one developed more recently with a better SSC resistance – above the pH2S limit considered for the standard 125ksi SMYS material. The results obtained in this test program allowed casing 125 ksi SMYS materials selection for temperature above 65°C and environment more severe in terms of pH2S than the domain previously established for this grade. This allowed a new well production design, which saves one casing phase and avoids the necessity to use intermediate liners to prevent collapse.

scholarly journals Improved High-Pressure, High-Temperature (HPHT) Materials Qualification using Dissolved H<sub>2</sub>S Concentration as the Sour Service Scalable Metric

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3867 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENT SHERAR ◽  
Peter Ellis II ◽  
Jing Ning
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Sour Service ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severity Parameter

Gas phase H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S partial pressure (P&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt;) is associated with sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and is routinely used as the ‘scalable’ parameter to qualify materials for high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) wells. Candidate materials for HPHT wells routinely require ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 compliance because a few mole ppm of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S at high pressure may place the well beyond the 0.05 psia (0.3 kPa) sour service threshold. P&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt; has been accepted historically as the scalable sour severity parameter. However, as the total pressure increases, the relationship between P&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt; and the dissolved H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S concentration becomes non-linear. This limits the robustness of P&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt; as the sour severity metric. Thus, ISO 15156-1:2020 now permits the use of H2S fugacity (f&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt;), H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S activity (a&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt;), and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S aqueous concentration (C&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt;) as alternatives for sour testing. This recent revision is based on evidence that f&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt; and C&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt; each provide better correlations to SSC at elevated total pressures than P&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt;. This paper will address the merits and challenges of using f&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt; or C&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt; to define sour severity: We argue that C&lt;sub&gt;H2S&lt;/sub&gt; is a practical, experimentally verifiable approach, which can be used to validate ionic-equation of state (EOS) frameworks used to characterize mildly sour HPHT environments.

New metal complexes with inhibiting and biocide properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
F.F. Veliyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Copper Complex ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Methanol Solutions ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Methanol solutions of various concentrations have been developed based on synthesized N, Nʹ- (pirazin-2-il) pyridine - 2,6-diamine ligand (N5-2pz), its linear pentanuclear of nickel string (II) [Ni5(μ5-dpzpda)4Cl2] (Ni5-N5-2pz) and tetracyclic copper complex (II) [Cu4(Hdpzpda)2(CH3COO)6] (Cu4-N5-2pz). Anticorrosion impact of these solutions on carbon steel Сt20 was studied on the model of produced water saturated with carbon dioxide (CO2) in the medium of hydrogen sulphide with different concentrations (H2S). Biocide properties of developed solutions against corrosion bacteria (sulphate-reducing bacteria, Tionand hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria) have been studied on the samples of produced water taken from flooded production wells of “Bibiheybat” OGPD as well and good results obtained.

Mechanistic Modeling of Carbon Steel Corrosion in a Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)-Based Carbon Dioxide Capture Process

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/0695 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Seok Choi ◽  
Deli Duan ◽  
Shengli Jiang ◽  
Srdjan Nešić
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Corrosion Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

A predictive model was developed for corrosion of carbon steel in carbon dioxide (CO2)-loaded aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) systems, based on modeling of thermodynamic equilibria and electrochemical reactions. The concentrations of aqueous carbonic and amine species (CO2, bicarbonate [HCO3−], carbonate [CO32−], MDEA, and protonated MDEA [MDEAH+]) as well as pH values in the MDEA solution were calculated. The water chemistry model showed a good agreement with experimental data for pH and CO2 loading, with an improved correlation upon use of activity coefficients. The electrochemical corrosion model was developed by modeling polarization curves based on the given species's concentrations. The required electrochemical parameters (e.g., exchange current densities, Tafel slopes, and reaction orders) for different reactions were determined from experiments conducted in glass cells. Iron oxidative dissolution, HCO3− reduction, and MDEAH+ reduction reactions were implemented to build a comprehensive model for corrosion of carbon steel in an MDEA-CO2-water (H2O) environment. The model is applicable to uniform corrosion when no protective films are present. A solid foundation is provided for corrosion model development for other amine-based CO2 capture processes.

The Tribological Behaviors of the Surfaces Lubricated by Polyaklylene Glycol and Polyolester Oils in Carbon Dioxide Environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1548-1551
Author(s):  
Se Doo Oh ◽  
Tae Shik Ahn ◽  
Sung Oug Cho ◽  
Young Ze Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Rotary Compressor ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sliding Surfaces ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Rotary Type

The carbon dioxide (CO2) is investigated as an alternative refrigerant to replace HFC (hydro fluorocarbon) refrigerants in refrigerators and air conditioning systems due to the environmental concerns. Because new compressors with the carbon dioxide are going to be operated under the high pressure, the tribology of sliding surfaces in the compressor becomes very important. To develop new compressors, especially rotary type, the friction and wear characteristics of sliding surfaces between a vane and a roller in the rotary compressor were evaluated in this paper. Several hard coatings, such as TiN, CrN, and WC/C, were applied on vane surfaces in order to improve the tribological characteristics, and their performances were evaluated experimentally. The vane-on-disk type sliding tests were carried out under the various sliding speeds, normal loads, and carbon dioxide pressures with an exclusive high pressure wear tester. From the tests wear volume of vane surfaces applied various coatings were compared. During the tests coefficients of friction and surface temperatures were monitored. Test results showed that WC/C coatings showed good tribological properties. TiN and CrN coated vanes showed good wear resistance properties but produced high friction.

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) in High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide (CO2):  Experimental Aspects of QCM Theory and CO2Adsorption

Langmuir ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3665-3673 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Ting Wu ◽  
Paa-Joe Akoto-Ampaw ◽  
Mohamed Elbaccouch ◽  
Michael L. Hurrey ◽  
Scott L. Wallen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2
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