scholarly journals A Timely Review of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: Progress, Future Opportunities, and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Mengqi Hu ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Diwen Ye
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Excellent Performance

Energy plays an important role in human society. With the development of science and technology, the increasing demand for new energy like electric energy cannot be ignored. The battery is the key component of electric vehicles which are the centers of future development. Lithium-ion batteries have great advantages in electric vehicle applications for their excellent performance. We need to find ways to improve lithium-ion batteries to promote the development of electric vehicles fundamentally. The high specific energy, low self-discharge, good cycling performance, no memory effect, and other advantages lead to the excellent performance of lithium-ion batteries. This paper reviews the unique merits of lithium-ion batteries compared with other important battery technologies in electric vehicle application in three main aspects and describes some methods to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries by improving the anode, cathode, and electrolyte, respectively. For instance, we can use LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (NCM) materials as cathode, silicon-based materials as anode with composite materials like FeOOH@rGO and SiNP@NC add more silicon in the composite anode structure and silicon nanowire anode to improve its mechanical stability. Also, with an example of their employment in the BMW i3 94 Ah vehicles, the application outlook of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and their development trend in the future have been prospected. Although electric vehicles are becoming the ideal next-generation vehicles with the increasing environmental friendliness, the battery technology, such as its safety problem and the manufacturing cost, etc., remains a big challenge in the development of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.

Study on the Lithium-Ion Batteries Performance of Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 1869-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Min Lu ◽  
Xiao Kan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Discharge Performance ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Lead Acid

By comprehensive analyzing the lead-acid batteries development situation of electric vehicle at first, and making a comprehensive comparison for the performances and features of the lead-acid batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries and lithium-ion batteries, then studying the charge and discharge performance of the lithium batteries which provides technical support and references for the application and popularization of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.

Investigation of the Temperature Distribution in the Lithium-Ion Battery for Pure Electric Vehicles

2012 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zheng ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Guo Qing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Heat Conduction Equation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Finite Element Formulations

Lithium-ion batteries have more excellent performance than other types of batteries, thus it is widely used in electric vehicles. Using batteries as the main power supplier does inevitably generate a lot of heat which not only deteriorates the batteries, but endangers the safety of the vehicle. In this paper, the temperature distribution of the batteries in the pure electric vehicles was investigated to minimize the heat generated in the batteries. The finite element formulations of the 3-D heat conduction equation of the battery were established for both steady and transient states. Then the finite element simulations were developed to investigate and optimize the temperature distribution of the battery and the battery pack. A parametric study was completed such that the heat generated in the battery pack can be minimized.

Weight Optimisation of Electric Vehicle through Hybrid Structural Batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 8310-8325
Author(s):  
Faraz Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Structural Composite

This paper contributes towards the research and development campaign on the weight reduction of electric vehicles through the technology of structural composite batteries. Batteries are the key component and an integral part of electric vehicles which constitutes a major proportion of the vehicle’s weight. Most of the electric vehicle manufacturers use lithium-ion batteries which are in recent years have gone through a major development. The use of lithium-ion batteries within a carbon reinforced composite structure of the car has given rise to the concept of structural batteries where both the mechanical strength of the structure and the chemistry of the battery to be optimized. Various aspects of design in the formulation of the structural batteries are reviewed including material selection with respect to its electrical and mechanical requirements. In this research work, properties of carbon fiber are utilised which provide mechanical strength to the vehicle whilst be an efficient electrode for the lithium-ion structural batteries. The impacts of lithiation on the strength of the structure and charge time for the batteries are explored. Significant results of weight reduction have been achieved by formulating the structural battery for the roof of a passenger car having a 30 kW-hr battery. At 0.7 mm of active electrode thickness is designed within the roof structure, the roof can store 5.9 kW-hr of energy with the reduction of 56.5 kg in overall weight of the vehicle. The battery pack of 255 kg gets completely replaced by the structural composite battery because of its magnificent specific charge capacity at the active electrode with the thickness of 3.5 mm.

scholarly journals Capacity detection of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries based on X-ray computed tomography

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (45) ◽  
pp. 25325-25333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifu Li ◽  
Junwei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Li Ion

It is difficult to use conventional capacity detection methods to determine nondestructively and rapidly the capacity of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5726
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wewer ◽  
Pinar Bilge ◽  
Franz Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Electromobility is a new approach to the reduction of CO2 emissions and the deceleration of global warming. Its environmental impacts are often compared to traditional mobility solutions based on gasoline or diesel engines. The comparison pertains mostly to the single life cycle of a battery. The impact of multiple life cycles remains an important, and yet unanswered, question. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate advances of 2nd life applications for lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles based on their energy demand. Therefore, it highlights the limitations of a conventional life cycle analysis (LCA) and presents a supplementary method of analysis by providing the design and results of a meta study on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries. The study focuses on energy demand, and investigates its total impact for different cases considering 2nd life applications such as (C1) material recycling, (C2) repurposing and (C3) reuse. Required reprocessing methods such as remanufacturing of batteries lie at the basis of these 2nd life applications. Batteries are used in their 2nd lives for stationary energy storage (C2, repurpose) and electric vehicles (C3, reuse). The study results confirm that both of these 2nd life applications require less energy than the recycling of batteries at the end of their first life and the production of new batteries. The paper concludes by identifying future research areas in order to generate precise forecasts for 2nd life applications and their industrial dissemination.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Signal-Based Fault Diagnosis Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 19175-19186
Author(s):  
Jiuchun Jiang ◽  
Xinwei Cong ◽  
Shuowei Li ◽  
Caiping Zhang ◽  
Weige Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Diagnosis Method

scholarly journals Separation and Efficient Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Eva Gerold ◽  
Stefan Luidold ◽  
Helmut Antrekowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Efficient Recovery

The consumption of lithium has increased dramatically in recent years. This can be primarily attributed to its use in lithium-ion batteries for the operation of hybrid and electric vehicles. Due to its specific properties, lithium will also continue to be an indispensable key component for rechargeable batteries in the next decades. An average lithium-ion battery contains 5–7% of lithium. These values indicate that used rechargeable batteries are a high-quality raw material for lithium recovery. Currently, the feasibility and reasonability of the hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries is still a field of research. This work is intended to compare the classic method of the precipitation of lithium from synthetic and real pregnant leaching liquors gained from spent lithium-ion batteries with sodium carbonate (state of the art) with alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate. Furthermore, the correlation of the obtained product to the used type of phosphate is comprised. In addition, the influence of the process temperature (room temperature to boiling point), as well as the stoichiometric factor of the precipitant, is investigated in order to finally enable a statement about an efficient process, its parameter and the main dependencies.

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