scholarly journals Detoxification mechanisms in oxidative stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in gills of gambusia fish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to Cadmium

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Moh. Awaludin Adam ◽  
Ach. Khumaidi ◽  
Ramli ◽  
Ira Mei Widiastuti ◽  
Ernawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Detoxification Mechanism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
And Control ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

This research aims to measure and analyze oxidative stress and ROS, aside from analyzing the detoxification mechanism in the gill of gambusia fish exposed to Cd. During maintenance and acclimatization, fish were fed pellets with smooth water circulation. After seven days of acclimation, the test fish were then transferred to a 4-liter aquarium. Before treatment, fish are fasted for 24 hours to ensure the stomach is empty. The study used 5 treatment groups with 1 control (C), treatment A: 0.03; B: 0.015; C: 0.011; D: 0.007; E: 0.003 (mg/L). The results showed a significant difference between the treatment and control groups (p <0.05). Treatments A and B were showed the highest reactive levels. Stress caused by Cd can increase ROS activity in the gill of gambusia fish. The production of ROS and the exposure to Cd stressors trigger the production of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study concludes that exposure to Cd in juvenile gambusia fish causes oxidative stress through increased antioxidant enzymes and ROS. Analysis related to the mechanism of detoxification of heavy metals in the body of juvenile gambusia fish.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and outcome of antioxidant supplementation in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar A. Panti ◽  
Constance E. Shehu ◽  
Yusuf Saidu ◽  
Karima A. Tunau ◽  
Emmanuel I. Nwobodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stress Marker ◽  
And Control

Background: PCOS is a condition with significant decrease in antioxidant with an increased risk of oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplementation has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in PCOS and may improve outcome of management of PCOS. Objectives of this study were to determine the oxidative stress level of PCOS patients, to assess the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the outcome of management of PCOS and to compare with a control group.Methods: The study was a single blind randomised control trial involving 200 patients with PCOS. The study was conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups and base line serum levels of oxidative stress marker, antioxidant enzymes, vitamins and minerals were determined. Antioxidant supplementation and placebo were given to the intervention and control groups respectively. All the patients had ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate and were followed up for 6 months. Outcome measures were clinical pregnancy or menstrual regularisation. Level of significance was <0.05.Results: There was statistical significance in the serum levels of oxidative stress marker, antioxidant enzymes, vitamins and minerals between the two groups (post intervention). Glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.001), superoxide dismutase (p = 0.0001), catalase (p= 0.0369), melondialdehyde (p= 0.007), Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E (p = 0.0001), zinc and copper (p = 0.0001). The clinical pregnancy outcomes were 22 (22%) versus 2 (2%); live births 18 (18%) versus 2 (2%) and menstrual regularisation 48 (48%) versus 46 (46%) in the intervention and control groups respectively.Conclusions: Antioxidant supplementation in this study significantly affected pregnancy rate in patients with PCOS. Larger studies are suggested to revisit the conclusion of the Cochrane review that antioxidants supplementation had no significant role in female infertility.

Efficacy of Imagery and Meditation Techniques in Treating Psoriasis

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Gaston ◽  
Jean-Charles Crombez ◽  
Jacques Joly ◽  
Sheilagh Hodgins ◽  
Marc Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Using a dismantled time-series design, eighteen subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: meditation ( N = 5); meditation and imagery ( N = 4); waiting list ( N = 5). Treatment lasted twelve weeks, while pre- and post-baseline periods were of four weeks. An assessment control group control was also used during baseline periods ( N = 4). The severity of psoriasis symptoms was reliably rated by dermatologists. While controlling for extraneous factors influencing psoriasis symptoms, a time-series multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant difference between the mean psoriasis ratings of treatment and control groups after treatment (partial r = .30, p < .01). No additional impact was associated with the use of the imagery technique (partial r = − .06, p > .05). Four subjects in the treatment groups, two in each condition, succeeded in clinically improving their psoriasis symptoms, and none deteriorated. The practice of mediation may be clinically effective for some patients in reducing their psoriasis symptoms.

Comparison of Students Taught Basketball Skills Using Mastery and Nonmastery Learning Methods

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie L. Blakemore ◽  
H. Gill Hilton ◽  
Joyce M. Harrison ◽  
Tracy L. Pellett ◽  
James Gresh
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Competitive Game ◽  
Game Situation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Mastery learning is an instructional strategy that embraces the philosophy that almost any student can learn what is being taught given sufficient time and help. Through Bloom’s group-based, teacher-paced model, 71 seventh-grade boys were taught basketball skills. Students in two treatment groups (mastery and nonmastery) and a control group were compared on the performance of psychomotor skills in isolation and in a competitive game situation before, midway through, and following their training. Students in the mastery group were not taught new skills until 80% had mastered the present skills. The mastery group performed significantly better on isolated skills than did the nonmastery and control groups. There was no significant difference between groups in the performance of skills in a competitive game situation.

The Comparison on Changes of the Body Heats in Electroacupuncture Analgesia and Anesthesia by Ketamine Hydrochloride in Dogs

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Eun Lee ◽  
Ji-Min Seo ◽  
Jianzhu Liu ◽  
Min-Sung Hong ◽  
Young-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Ketamine Anesthesia ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Body Heat

This study was performed to clarify the differences of the body heats between electroacupuncture analgesia (EA) and anesthesia by ketamine hydrochloride (ketamine anesthesia) in dogs. Nine clinically healthy dogs were divided into ketamine anesthesia (control: 5 heads) and EA (experimental: 4 heads) groups, respectively. The acupoints GV-5 and Bai-Hui were used. The infrared thermographic system was used to determine the body heats. The body heats was determined at areas such as the dorsocranial (DCr), dorsocaudal (DCd), ventrocranial (VCr) and ventrocaudal (VCd) regions, on pretreatment, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 90 minutes after treatments, respectively in control and experimental groups. The body heats showed decreasing tendency until 30 minutes after ketamine injection, and then showed increasing pattern until 90 minutes after at all areas investigated in the control group. However, no significant differences of the body heats in the DCr, DCd, VCr and VCd regions were found in the control group. On the other hand, the body heats showed increasing tendency until 30 minutes, and then showed decreasing pattern until 90 minutes after EA, in the experimental group. The significant difference was observed at 30 minutes in the DCr region, and also at 10, 20 and 30 minutes in the DCd regions in the experimental group ( p < 0.05). The significant differences of the body heats were detected at 20 minutes in the DCr region, at 30 minutes in the DCd region and at 30 minutes in the VCd region between the experimental and control groups ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, EA increases of the body heat in the contrary to that of ketamine anesthesia.

scholarly journals The Effects of Melatonin Treatment on Oxidative Stress Induced by Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Salavati ◽  
Asghar Mogheiseh ◽  
Saeed Nazifi ◽  
Atefeh Amiri ◽  
Behrooz Nikahval
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: As one of the most common surgeries performed in veterinary medicine, ovariohysterectomy (OHE) can induce stress in dogs. The antioxidant properties of melatonin have been confirmed in various studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin administration on oxidative stress in dogs before and after OHE. In this study, 25 mature female intact dogs were selected and randomly divided into five equal groups: Melatonin, OHE, melatonin+OHE+melatonin, melatonin+anesthesia+melatonin, and control groups. Melatonin (0.3 mg/Kg/day, p.o.) was administrated to the dogs in the melatonin, melatonin+OHE+melatonin, and melatonin+anesthesia+melatonin groups on days -1, 1, 2, and 3 (day 0=OHE). Blood sampling was performed on days -1, 1, 3, and 5 of the study. Blood samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory and sera were separated and stored at -20 °C. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) concentrations were significantly higher in the melatonin and melatonin+anesthesia+melatonin groups compared to those of the control group. Results: The level of antioxidant enzymes significantly decreased in the OHE group compared to that of other groups. The administration of melatonin increased the level of antioxidant enzymes in ovariohysterectomized dogs. OHE significantly increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in comparison to that of other groups. Melatonin administration significantly decreased the level of MDA in intact, anesthetized, and ovariohysterectomized dogs. Conclusions: It can be stated that the administration of melatonin one day before and during one week after OHE could control oxidative stress in dogs with increased antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA levels.

MicroRNA from a 12-h versus 20-h acetylcysteine infusion for paracetamol overdose

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wong ◽  
C Nejad ◽  
M Gantier ◽  
KW Choy ◽  
James Doery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Paracetamol Overdose ◽  
Paracetamol Poisoning ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
And Control

Paracetamol overdose is common and microRNA (miR)-122 expression is increased with liver injury. We aimed to measure miR-122 in the setting of an abbreviated paracetamol overdose treatment regimen. We compared miRNA expression in patients treated for paracetamol poisoning with an abbreviated 12-h intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (200 mg/kg over 4 h, 50 mg/kg over 8 h) or a 20-h regimen (200 mg/kg over 4 h, 100 mg/kg over 16 h) (NACSTOP trial). miR-122 expression is increased (decreased cycle threshold (Ct) values) with paracetamol liver injury. We assessed miR-122 expression in patients receiving the two acetylcysteine regimens and in a separate group with acute liver injury (ALI). We examined 121 blood samples in 38 patients. After 20 h of acetylcysteine, median alanine transaminase (ALT) was 12 U/L (18, 14) versus 16 U/L (11, 21) ( p = 0.17) and median miR-122 Ct was 30.1 (interquartile range (IQR): 28.9, 33.3) versus 31.4 (28.9, 33.9) ( p = 0.7) in the NACSTOP abbreviated and control groups, respectively. Median normalized miR-122 Ct after 20 h of acetylcysteine was 2.2 (IQR 1.9, 6.4), 1.1 (0.7, 2.9), 63.9 (2.5, 168), 123.2 (40.9, 207.8) in the NACSTOP-abbreviated, NACSTOP-control, ALI and hepatotoxicity groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in ALT or miRNA between NACSTOP treatment groups and no signal of increased liver injury from an abbreviated 12-h acetylcysteine regimen. These findings suggest that an abbreviated acetylcysteine regimen in low-risk patients who have overdosed on paracetamol is safe. Further study is required to validate this finding utilizing miRNA as a comparative biomarker.

scholarly journals The Influence of Giving Fe Tablets along with Guava Juice on The Increasing of Hb Levels in Pregnant Women in South Tangerang Region Health Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Siti Rahmadani ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Erlin Puspita ◽  
Hesti Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Giving iron tablets (Fe) is one of the efforts to prevent anemia. Guava is a fruit that rich in vitamin C that can increase the absorption of Fe in the body. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of giving Fe tablets along with guava juice on the increasing of Hb levels in pregnant women in South Tangerang Region Health Center. This study used quasi experimental two group pre-post design. The sample consisted of 30 third trimester pregnant women with anemia which were divided into two treatment and control groups. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data analysis using Independent T-test, correlation and linear regression analysis. The results showed there was a significant difference between the increase in Hb levels resulting from the giving of Fe tablets along with guava juice compared with only the giving of Fe tablets with a p-value of 0.000. Multivariate analysis between treatment and control groups obtained p-value = 0.00, with the coefficient of determination (R square) = 0.748. The conclusion is giving Fe tablets along with guava juice has influence on the increasing of Hb levels in pregnant women, so it is recommended for anemic pregnant women to take Fe tablets along with guava juice Keywords: haemoglobin; anemia, Fe tablets; guava juice

scholarly journals Relationship of Lead Exposure with Workers' Blood Pressure and Blood Components: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Torabi Goodarzi ◽  
Farideh Golbabaei ◽  
Bahram Harati ◽  
Robabeh Chang ◽  
Vahid Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
And Control

Background: Lead is one of the most widely used metals in the industries and is the amplest metal element on the Earth’s crust. This metal disrupts the physiological processes of the body due to its accumulation in various tissues. The present study aimed to determining the association of lead exposure with blood pressure and blood components of the lead mine employees in Isfahan City, Iran.  Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 187 workers were investigated; they worked in the lead mines of Isfahan from January to April 2016. The staff was divided into two groups: one was exposed to lead and the other was the control group. The participants' general information was collected in worksheets, including age, work experience, work shift, body mass index, blood pressure, and smoking status. Sampling was carried out by active sampling using the NIOSH 7300 method. Blood samples were taken from all participants and their hematological parameters were evaluated, including red blood cell, platelet count, percent of lymphocytes, and volume of red blood cells. Results: The participants' age means were 34.06 (8.8) and 37.04 (11.48) years in the case and control groups, respectively. The time-weighted average concentration of lead in the breathing zone air of workers was 0.0533 mg/m3. The average systolic blood pressure was 12.01 (1.3) mmHg in exposed workers, while it was 11.78 (1.1) mmHg in the control group. The average diastolic blood pressure was 7.84 (0.71) mmHg in exposed workers and 7.73 (0.54) mmHg in control group. Statistical test results showed a significant difference between the case and control groups with regard to their systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the lead-exposed and non-exposed groups with regard to the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. Conclusion:  According to the results, lead exposure can cause metabolic changes in blood pressure and some of its features. Considering the importance of this issue, some preventive measures should be taken to maintain and improve the worker's health and well-being, such as increasing the workers' rest time, performing periodic examinations for them, as well as conducting safety workshops and training sessions.  

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

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