scholarly journals Stability analysis of concrete block retaining wall based on a scaled laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Deni Irda Mazni ◽  
Abdul Hakam ◽  
Jafril Tanjung ◽  
Febrin Anas Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Failure Pattern ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Sand Movement

A concrete block retaining wall is supported by its weight. This block retaining wall structure has some advantages, including lower construction costs, a water-permeable construction that produces less water pressure behind the wall, and a more flexible construction because it can follow the ground's contours. Rankine's theory is usually used to design this block retaining wall. According to this theory, the failure pattern behind the wall forms an angle of 450 + • /2 with the horizontal plane. The laboratory tests indicate that the pattern of failure or the pattern of sand movement behind the wall is similar to the letter S. From the sandy soil of failure pattern curve, look for a functional equation approximating the pattern. The equation of the function obtained is an equation of the third-order function. An analysis of the sliding, overturning, and overall stability block retaining wall is based on this equation of the cube function. Analysis for overall stability using the method of slices, dividing the failure area by several slices. These function equation order three is needed to get the area and length failure.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATION OF THE CAUSES OF RETAINING WALL STRUCTURE FAILURE AT A RIVER BASED ON SNI 2847:2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Handayani ◽  
Sudarmadi Sudarmadi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Sheet Pile ◽  
Design Strength ◽  
Depth Measurement ◽  
Concrete Quality ◽  
Minimum Depth

In this paper, the application of SNI 2847:2013 in the evaluation of the caseof a retaining wall failure is presented. The method is the analyticalretaining wall evaluation, which consisted of visual inspection in the field,depth measurement of pile and sheet pile, and the quality test of concretematerial. The data were used as input in structure modeling using FiniteElement Method (FEM) software to calculate each structural member'srequired strength (Ru). The calculation was done to obtain the designstrength (ØRn) of the structural member. The retaining wall is consideredsafe if its design strength is greater than or equal to the required strengthor ØRn ? Ru. If this condition cannot be fulfilled, the retaining wall isconsidered failed, and then the causes of failure would be performed. Theresult showed that the depth of the pile and sheet pile is less than therequired minimum depth, and concrete quality is below the specificationmentioned in the as-built drawing data. According to structural analysis andcalculation of site investigation data, it could be known that the causes ofretaining wall failure are the design strength is smaller than the requiredstrength and the vertical moment due to its self-weight is much smaller thanthe horizontal moment due to soil and water pressure, so it causes thestructural sliding.

scholarly journals Structural Behavior of Prefabricated Ecological Grid Retaining Walls and Application in a Highway in China

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Xinquan Wang ◽  
Cong Zhu ◽  
Hongguo Diao ◽  
Yingjie Ning
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Soil Arching ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Stress And Deformation ◽  
Asymmetrical Condition ◽  
Construction Efficiency

The retaining wall is a common slope protection structure. To tackle the current lack of sustainable and highly prefabricated retaining walls, an environmentally friendly prefabricated ecological grid retaining wall with high construction efficiency has been developed. Due to the asymmetrical condition of the project considered in this paper, the designed prefabricated ecological grid retaining wall was divided into the excavation section and the filling section. By utilizing the ABAQUS finite element software, the stress and deformation characteristics of the retaining wall columns, soil, anchor rods, and inclined shelves in an excavation section, and the force and deformation relationships of the columns, rivets, and inclined shelves in three working conditions in a filling section were studied. The study results imply that the anchor rods may affect the columns in the excavation section and the stress at the column back changes in an M-shape with height. Moreover, the peak appears at the contact point between the column and the anchor rod. The displacement of the column increases slowly along with the height, and the column rotates at its bottom. In the excavation section, the stress of the anchor rod undergoes a change at the junction of the structure. The inclined shelf is an open structure and is very different from the retaining plate structure of traditional pile-slab retaining walls. Its stress distribution follows a repeated U-shaped curve, which is inconsistent with the trend of the traditional soil arching effect between piles, which increases first and then decreases. For the retaining wall structure in the filling section, the numerical simulated vehicle load gives essentially consistent results with the effects of the equivalent filling on the concrete column.

Field measurement of anchor forces, ground temperatures, and pore-water pressures behind a retaining structure in northwestern Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
K. D. Eigenbrod ◽  
J. P. Burak
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Pore Water Pressures ◽  
Load Increase

Anchor forces, ground temperatures, and piezometric pressures were measured at a retaining wall in northwestern Ontario over a period of 2 years. The anchor forces were measured with strain gauges attached in pairs directly to the anchor rods. This method appeared practical in the field for time periods of less than 2 years as long as the strain gauges were carefully protected against moisture. The anchor forces increased from an average of 5 kN initially up to values of 50 kN during the winter periods and dropped during the summer periods back to the same values measured initially. The anchor forces were largely independent of pore-water pressure variations behind the wall. Rapid drawdown conditions, however, which were experienced during the second summer, were reflected in a load increase that was equivalent to the associated unloading effect in front of the wall. The pore-water pressures behind the wall were not noticeably affected by rapid drawdown, possibly due to the restraining effect of the anchors and the high rigidity of the low sheet pile wall. Ground temperatures at or below the groundwater table never dropped below 0 °C thus restricting the depth of frost penetration. Key words : anchor loads, freezing pressure, retaining walls, pore-water pressures, ground temperatures, field measurements.

Coefficients of active earth pressure with seepage effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pérsio L.A. Barros ◽  
Petrucio J. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Active Earth Pressure ◽  
Plane Failure

A calculation method for the active earth pressure on the possibly inclined face of a retaining wall provided with a drainage system along the soil–structure interface is presented. The soil is cohesionless and fully saturated to the ground surface. This situation may arise during heavy rainstorms. To solve the problem, the water seepage through the soil is first analyzed using a numerical procedure based on the boundary element method. Then, the obtained pore-water pressure is used in a Coulomb-type formulation, which supposes a plane failure surface inside the backfill when the wall movement is enough to put the soil mass in the active state. The formulation provides coefficients of active pressure with seepage effect which can be used to evaluate the active earth thrust on walls of any height. A series of charts with values of the coefficients of active earth pressure with seepage calculated for selected values of the soil internal friction angle, the wall–soil friction angle, and the wall face inclination is presented.

Research on Calculation Formula of Retaining Wall for Structural Reliability Program Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1154-1157
Author(s):  
Yun Lian Song ◽  
Si Li ◽  
Jian Ran Cao
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Active Earth Pressure ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Simplified Formula

Stability problem of gravity retaining wall structure was researched, and a simplified formula of the active earth pressure Ea was turned out for the convenience of the program design. The anti-slide safety factor K0 and anti-overturning safety factor Kc were derived based on different positions of slip plane of retaining wall. This work is the basis of the reliability calculating and program design, for these formulas must be used in anti-slide and anti-overturning safety failure mode in program compiling. On the basis of the known parameters such as wall type, wall dimensions, material parameters, external load, and so on, the program can automatically calculate K0 and Kc, their corresponding failure probability Pf and reliability index β can easily be calculated in later analysis. The research content provide a convenient calculation method, which is used to calculate the Ea and K0 and Kc and Pf and β of the actual retaining walls engineering.

Relaxation Laws of Anchor on Pressure Dispersive Retaining Wall

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1863-1867
Author(s):  
Jian Qing Wu ◽  
Ying Yong Li ◽  
Hong Bo Zhang ◽  
Xiu Guang Song ◽  
Qing Yu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Anchor Plate ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Overall Stability

In order to study anchor relaxation of pressure dispersive retaining wall, the numerical simulation model was designed to simulate the retaining wall with single anchor plate. The results showed that the pressure dispersive retaining wall had good overall stability. Anchor Relaxtion had two sudden changes. As a result, the lateral soil pressure near the anchor had been released and the displacement Significantly increased.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photogrammetry and Inclusion of Control Points: Significance for Infrastructure Monitoring

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Oats ◽  
Rudiger Escobar-Wolf ◽  
Thomas Oommen
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Infrastructure Monitoring ◽  
Mode Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Structure from Motion (SfM)/Photogrammetry is a powerful mapping tool in extracting three-dimensional (3D) models from photographs. This method has been applied to a range of applications, including monitoring of infrastructure systems. This technique could potentially become a substitute, or at least a complement, for costlier approaches such as laser scanning for infrastructure monitoring. This study expands on previous investigations, which utilize photogrammetry point cloud data to measure failure mode behavior of a retaining wall model, emphasizing further robust spatial testing. In this study, a comparison of two commonly used photogrammetry software packages was implemented to assess the computing performance of the method and the significance of control points in this approach. The impact of control point selection, as part of the photogrammetric modeling processes, was also evaluated. Comparisons between the two software tools reveal similar performances in capturing quantitative changes of a retaining wall structure. Results also demonstrate that increasing the number of control points above a certain number does not, necessarily, increase 3D modeling accuracies, but, in some cases, their spatial distribution can be more critical. Furthermore, errors in model reproducibility, when compared with total station measurements, were found to be spatially correlated with the arrangement of control points.

Stress Analysis of the Rectangular Retaining Wall under Water Pressure Based on Elasticity Mechanics

2014 ◽  
Vol 578-579 ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Yong Wei Wang ◽  
Yan Qin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Stress Function ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
Limited Length ◽  
Length Direction ◽  
Distribution Of Stress

To study the distribution of stress in a dam with rectangular section under water, the dam was simplified a rectangular structure with limited length. Based on the theory of mechanics of elasticity a stress function was deduced which was used to calculate the stress and displacement in any point of the dam. The results show that the normal stress along the length direction was not equal to zero, but the strain along the direction equal to zero.

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