The role of Ar flow rates on synthesis of nanostructured zirconium nitride layer growth using plasma enhanced hot filament nitriding (PEHFN) technique

Abstract. This study aimed to assess the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostanoids for the macula densa control of renal afferent arteriolar resistance and for renin secretion. For this purpose, studied were the effects of blocking macula densa salt transport by the loop diuretic bumetanide (100 μM) on renal perfusate flow and on renin secretion in isolated perfused rats, in which renocortical COX-2 expression was prestimulated in vivo by treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril, with low-salt diet, or with a combination of both. These maneuvers stimulated COX-2 expression in an order of ramipril + low salt ≫ low salt > ramipril > controls. Flow rates through isolated kidneys at a constant pressure of 100 mmHg were dependent on the pretreatment regimen, in the way that they went in parallel with COX-2 expression. The COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (10 μM) lowered flow rates depending on the COX-2 expression level and was most pronounced therefore after pretreatment with low salt + ramipril. NS-398 did not change the increase of flow in response to bumetanide but attenuated the stimulation of renin secretion in response to bumetanide in a manner depending on the expression level of COX-2. These findings suggest that in states of increased renocortical expression of COX-2, overall renal vascular resistance and the macula densa control of renin secretion become dependent on COX-2—derived prostanoids.

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Diamond growth on thin Ti wafers via chemical vapor deposition

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1995.2685 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2685-2688 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Qijin Chen ◽

Zhangda Lin

Keyword(s):

Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽

Vapor Deposition ◽

Titanium Substrate ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Low Pressure ◽

Diamond Growth ◽

X Ray ◽

Hot Filament ◽

Insight Into

Diamond film was synthesized on thin Ti wafers (as thin as 40 μm) via hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The hydrogen embrittlement of the titanium substrate and the formation of a thick TiC interlayer were suppressed. A very low pressure (133 Pa) was employed to achieve high-density rapid nucleation and thus to suppress the formation of TiC. Oxygen was added to source gases to lower the growth temperature and therefore to slow down the hydrogenation of the thin Ti substrate. The role of the very low pressure during nucleation is discussed, providing insight into the nucleation mechanism of diamond on a titanium substrate. The as-grown diamond films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray analysis.

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Ion-Plasma Sprayed Coating as a Protective Decorative Coating for Copper-Nickel Alloy

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1195 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 284 ◽

pp. 1195-1199

Author(s):

Vladislav R. Baraz ◽

S.S. Gerasimov ◽

I.A. Gruzdeva

Keyword(s):

Nickel Alloy ◽

Nitride Layer ◽

Zirconium Nitride ◽

Nitride Coating ◽

Decorative Coating ◽

Copper Nickel ◽

Ion Plasma ◽

Copper Nickel Alloy ◽

Sprayed Coating ◽

Plasma Sprayed

This article is devoted to studiing the ion-plasma sprayed coating on the surface of copper-nickel alloy obtained by complex titanium nitride and zirconium nitride treatment. To evaluate the coating microhardness we use the method that provides the obligatory penetration of diamond-pointed pyramid through nitride layer. It is shown that nitride coating microhardness is much higher than the copper-nickel alloy microhardness. Furthermore, surface treatment provides the color of the nitride coating just as gold plated.

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An Investigation of the Basic Physics of Irrigation in Urology and the Role of Automated Pump Irrigation in Cystoscopy

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/476759 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dwayne Chang ◽

Rustom P. Manecksha ◽

Konstantinos Syrrakos ◽

Nathan Lawrentschuk

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

External Pressure ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Pumping System ◽

External Pressures ◽

Basic Physics ◽

Traditional Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Solution ◽

Bladder Fullness

Objective. To investigate the effects of height, external pressure, and bladder fullness on the flow rate in continuous, non-continuous cystoscopy and the automated irrigation fluid pumping system (AIFPS).Materials. Each experiment had two 2-litre 0.9% saline bags connected to a continuous, non-continuous cystoscope or AIFPS via irrigation tubing. Other equipment included height-adjustable drip poles, uroflowmetry devices, and model bladders.Methods. In Experiment 1, saline bags were elevated to measure the increment in flow rate. In Experiment 2, saline bags were placed under external pressures to evaluate the effect on flow rate. In Experiment 3, flow rate changes in response to variable bladder fullness were measured.Results. Elevating saline bags caused an increase in flow rates, however the increment slowed down beyond a height of 80 cm. Increase in external pressure on saline bags elevated flow rates, but inconsistently. A fuller bladder led to a decrease in flow rates. In all experiments, the AIFPS posted consistent flow rates.Conclusions. Traditional irrigation systems were susceptible to changes in height of irrigation solution, external pressure application, and bladder fullness thus creating inconsistent flow rates. The AIFPS produced consistent flow rates and was not affected by any of the factors investigated in the study.

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Pharyngeal swallowing elicited by fluid infusion: role of volition and vallecular containment

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1996.270.2.g347 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (2) ◽

pp. G347-G354 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P. Pouderoux ◽

J. A. Logemann ◽

P. J. Kahrilas

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Infusion Rate ◽

Volitional Control ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Fluid Infusion ◽

Water Infusion ◽

Pharyngeal Swallow ◽

Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽

Temperature Water

Nonalimentary swallows minimize aspiration by clearing accumulated fluid from the pharynx. This study aimed to define 1) the pharyngeal sensory field to elicit swallowing and 2) the effect of infusion rate, volition, taste, and temperature on pharyngeal swallows. Test solutions were directed into the valleculae at 6.5, 11.5, and 32 ml/min through a catheter in eight healthy volunteers. Deglutition was signaled with electromyography and electroglottography. Spatial distribution of infusate before swallowing was studied using videofluoroscopy coupled with a video timer. Volitional control was assessed with rapid or restrained swallows. Pharyngeal swallow latency decreased as the instillation rate increased, was potently modified with volition, and was unchanged by infusate taste or temperature. Water infusion into the valleculae did not trigger pharyngeal swallowing until liquids overflowed and reached the aryepiglottic folds or pyriform sinuses. The variation in swallow latency among flow rates was mainly due to the duration of liquid containment within the valleculae. This suggests that the valleculae act to contain pharyngeal secretions and residue and prevent aspiration by diverting their contents around the larynx before swallowing.

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CMOS Image Sensors and Plasma Processes: How PMD Nitride Charging Acts on the Dark Current

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19245534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (24) ◽

pp. 5534

Author(s):

Yolène Sacchettini ◽

Jean-Pierre Carrère ◽

Romain Duru ◽

Jean-Pierre Oddou ◽

Vincent Goiffon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dark Current ◽

Uv Light ◽

Degradation Mechanism ◽

Nitride Layer ◽

Image Sensors ◽

Electron Hole ◽

Cmos Image Sensors ◽

Depth Analysis

Plasma processes are known to be prone to inducing damage by charging effects. For CMOS image sensors, this can lead to dark current degradation both in value and uniformity. An in-depth analysis, motivated by the different degrading behavior of two different plasma processes, has been performed in order to determine the degradation mechanisms associated with one plasma process. It is based on in situ plasma-induced charge characterization techniques for various dielectric stack structures (dielectric nature and stack configuration). A degradation mechanism is proposed, highlighting the role of ultraviolet (UV) light from the plasma in creating an electron hole which induces positive charges in the nitride layer at the wafer center, and negative ones at the edge. The trapped charges de-passivate the SiO2/Si interface by inducing a depleted interface above the photodiode, thus emphasizing the generation of dark current. A good correlation between the spatial distribution of the total charges and the value of dark current has been observed.

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Role of SEI layer growth in fracture probability in lithium‐ion battery electrodes

International Journal of Energy Research ◽

10.1002/er.6150 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yasir Ali ◽

Noman Iqbal ◽

Seungjun Lee

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Fracture Probability ◽

Layer Growth ◽

Sei Layer

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The Mechanisms of Benefit of High-Flow Nasal Therapy in Stable COPD

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9123832 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 3832

Author(s):

Massa Zantah ◽

Aloknath Pandya ◽

Michael R. Jacobs ◽

Gerard J. Criner

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

High Flow ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Unique System ◽

Co2 Washout

High-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) is a unique system that delivers humidified, heated oxygen-enriched air via nasal cannula at high flow rates. It is a promising therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Several studies have examined the physiologic effects of this therapy in the patient population and have revealed that it improves mucociliary clearance, reduces nasopharyngeal dead space, and subsequently increases CO2 washout. It also improves alveolar recruitment and gas exchange. These mechanisms may explain the promising results observed in recently published studies that examined the role of HFNT in stable COPD patients.

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Low Temperature Deposited Highly-Conductive N-type SiC Thin Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-472-463 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 472 ◽

Author(s):

Kuan-Lun Cheng ◽

Huang-Chung Cheng ◽

Wen-Horng Lee ◽

Chiapyng Lee ◽

Tri-Rung Yew

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Film Growth ◽

Thin Film Transistor ◽

Impurity Scattering ◽

Gas Analyzer ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Sic Film ◽

Dopant Source ◽

Sic Films

ABSTRACTLow-temperature deposited highly-conductive SiC films has long been a goal for many researchers involved in hetero-junction bipolar transistor, thin-film transistor, solar cell.… etc. Here in this paper, we study the influences of the diluted PH3 flow rates on SiC film quality as well as electrical properties. PH+ was determined from residual gas analyzer to be the main dopant source. Phosphorous atoms will play a role of enhancing the SiC grain growth and resulting in a smaller film growth rate. Carrier concentrations increase monotonically with the diluted PH3 flow rates. While Hall mobility first increases than decreases with it due to a combination effect of the impurity scattering and a film quality improvement which dominates when the 1% PH3/H2 flow rate is above or below 40 seem, respectively.

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