scholarly journals Macrozoobenthos assemblage patterns in European carp (Cyprinus carpio) ponds − the importance of emersed macrophyte beds

2021 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Lenka Kajgrova ◽  
Zdenek Adamek ◽  
Jan Regenda ◽  
Christian Bauer ◽  
Vlastimil Stejskal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Invertebrate Development ◽  
Density And Biomass

Qualitative and quantitative differences in benthic macrozoobenthos distribution in carp pond littoral zones (macrophyte areas; LM) and pelagic zones (macrophyte-free areas; MF) were assessed in four commercial carp (Cyprinus carpio) grow-out ponds in the Czech Republic (semi-intensive management) and Austria (organic management) monthly over the growing season (June-September) of 2016 and 2017. While differences in environmental parameters and granulometric composition between LM and MF were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05), organic matter content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in LM. Average macrozoobenthos density and biomass in LM (mean 431 ind.m−2 and 6.78 g.m−2) was usually significantly higher (p > 0.05) than MF (371 ind.m−2 and 3.17 g.m−2). A similar trend was observed for zoobenthos diversity, with LM having a higher diversity (76 taxa) than MF (47 taxa). At the start of the growing season, chironomid density was higher (p < 0.05) in muddy MF zones, regardless of management type, while oligochaete density was higher in muddy LM. The density of both groups later declined, such that density was significantly higher (p > 0.05) in sandy substrates, regardless of habitat or management type. Our data suggest a significant drop in macrozoobenthos density and biomass compared with historical data, mainly due to new management techniques (fertilisation, supplementary feeding) and intensification (higher stock densities), suggesting that pond management is crucial as regards benthic invertebrate development and diversity. Our results indicate that emersed LM beds positively influence macrozoobenthos performance in carp ponds, potentially making them biodiversity hotspots. Further, LM beds can be regarded as invertebrate harbours, and hence should be protected and encouraged.

Log landings are methane emission hotspots in managed forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vantellingen ◽  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Managed Forests

Log landings are areas within managed forests used to process and store felled trees prior to transport. Through their construction and use soil is removed or redistributed, compacted, and organic matter contents may be increased by incorporation of wood fragments. The effects of these changes to soil properties on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) flux is unclear and unstudied. We quantified CH<sub>4</sub> flux rates from year-old landings in Ontario, Canada, and examined spatial variability and relationships to soil properties within these sites. Landings emitted CH<sub>4</sub> throughout the growing season; the average CH<sub>4</sub> emission rate from log landings was 69.2 ± 12.8 nmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (26.2 ± 4.8 g CH<sub>4</sub> C m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>), a rate comparable to CH<sub>4</sub>-emitting wetlands. Emission rates were correlated to soil pH, organic matter content and quantities of buried woody debris. These properties led to strong CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, or “hotspots”, in certain areas of landings, particularly where processing of logs occurred and incorporated woody debris into the soil. At the forest level, emissions from landings were estimated to offset ~12% of CH<sub>4</sub> consumption from soils within the harvest area, although making up only ~0.5% of the harvest area. Management practices to avoid or remediate these emissions should be developed as a priority measure in “climate-smart” forestry.

scholarly journals Karakteristik habitat dan pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) di Pulau Ternate dan Kabupaten Halmahera Barat Provinsi Maluku Utara

DEPIK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rugaya H. Serosero ◽  
Suryani . ◽  
Rina .
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Substrate Texture ◽  
Total P

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat dan pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) di Takome Pulau Ternate dan Idamdehe Kecamatan Jailolo Propinsi Maluku Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juli 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah tekstur substrat dengan metode pipet, penentuan kandungan nitrat danfosfat tanah dengan metode spektofotometer, pengukuran panjang + rostrum (cp+r) kepiting kelapa dan pola pertumbuhannya. Selain it juga diukur suhu udara, suhu lubang dan kelembaban udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Idamdehe memiliki karakteristik pantai yang curam, bahkan di beberapa lokasi penangkapan sangat terjal, sedangkan  di lokasi Takome Pulau Ternate memiliki karakteristik pantai yang lebih landai. Tekstur substrat di lokasi Takome Pulau Ternate terdiri atas pasir (55,76 %), debu (18,4%) dan liat (25,84%) dan Stasiun Idamdehe memiliki tekstur pasir (49,17%), debu (25,61%) dan liat (25,22%)dankandungan bahan organik substrat (Total N) di Takome adalah 0,31% dan total P adalah 0,09% sedangkan di Idamdehe Total N adalah 0,19% dan Total P 0,02%. Suhu udara di lokasi Idamdehe berkisar 26-280C dan di Takome 27-280C. Kelembaban udara 73%-98% di Idamdehe dan 71%-90% di Takome. Parameter lingkungan berupa suhu udara, kelembaban udara, tekstur substrat dan kandungan bahan organik di kedua lokasi penelitian mendukung kehidupan kepiting kelapa di habitat alaminya. Pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa di kedua lokasi Idamdehe adalah allometrik negatif.Kata kunci: Karakteristik habitat, Idamdehe, Takome, Birgus latro, isometrik, allometrik negatifAbstract. This objectives of the present study were to evaluate the habitat characteristics and growth patterns of the coconut crabs in Takome and Idamdehe waters North Maluku Province. This study was conducted during April-July 2014. The collected data were the substrate texture, nitrate and phosphate contents of soil using spectrophotometric method, length + rostrum (cp+r) of coconut crabs and the growth patterns. In addition, the air temperature, hole temperature and humidity were also recorded during the study. The results showed that Idamdehe waters has precipitous coast, indeed very precipitous in several catching locations, while Takome waters in Ternate Island has sloping coast. The substrate texture of Takome waters in Ternate Island consisted of sands (55.76%), dusts (18.4%) and clays (25.84%), while Idamdehe waters has the substrate texture that consisted of sands (49.17%), dusts (25.61 %) and clays (25.22%). As for organic matter contents of the substrate, Takome waters has 0.31% in total N and 0.09% in total P, while Idamdehe waters has 0.19% in total N and 0.02 % in total P. The air temperature in Idamdehe waters ranged between 26-280C and in Takome waters ranged between 27-280C. Air humidity in Idamdehe waters was 73%-98% and in Takome waters was 71%-90%. The environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, substrate texture and organic matter content in both locations are suitable for coconut crab growing. The growth pattern of coconut crabs in Idamdehe and Sulamadaha waters were allometric negative pattern.Keywords: Habitat characteristics, Idamdehe, Takome, Birgus latro, isometric, negative allometric.

Peculiarities of macrozoobenthos in the offshore zone of a small artificial post-gravel pit reservoir

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Żbikowski ◽  
Jarosław Kobak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Artificial Reservoir ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Gravel Pit ◽  
Wind Exposure ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
High Fish

Peculiarities of macrozoobenthos in the offshore zone of a small artificial post-gravel pit reservoirThe offshore macrozoobenthos and selected environmental parameters were studied in a small artificial reservoir, created through sand and gravel extraction. The results are rather surprising. Despite the shallow depth and good wind exposure of the reservoir, a thermal and oxygen stratification developed in the summer, causing hypoxic conditions near the bottom, even though the organic matter content in the sediments was <5%. Furthermore, despite the high fish abundance, chaoborids prevailed in zoobenthos, while

scholarly journals Adsorption and Degradation Behavior of Six Herbicides in Different Agricultural Soils.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umrbek Sharipov ◽  
Martin Kočárek ◽  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Antonín Nikodem ◽  
Luboš Borůvka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sorption Coefficient ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Abstract This study focuses on the assessment of herbicide adsorption and degradation in three soils (Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Fluvisol, and Arenic Regozem) from different agricultural regions of the Czech Republic where sunflower is cultivated. Soil samples were used in laboratory batch sorption and degradation experiments for six herbicides commonly used on sunflower crops. The findings are used to examine the effect of soil and herbicide properties on adsorption and degradation, as well as to determine the possible relation between the two processes. The (Kf) sorption coefficient ranged from 1.07 to 135.37 cm3/n μg1-1/n g-1, and sorption increased in order: dimethenamid-p < pethoxamid < s-metolachlor < flurochloridone < aclonifen < pendimethalin. Sorption of all six herbicides was positively correlated with organic matter content (p < 0. 001), and cation exchange capacity (p < 0.001). pH was negatively correlated with the sorption of all six compounds (p < 0.001). Degradation rates of herbicides ranged from 0. 012 to 0. 048 day-1, which corresponding to (DT50) half-lives between 14 - 57 days respectively. The longer half-lives were always found in Haplic Fluvisol with higher organic matter content. Results showed that both adsorption and degradation of herbicides is mainly controlled by soil organic matter. A negative relationship was found between the sorption coefficient and the rate of degradation. It can be concluded that the Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kf) can be a good predictor for soil degradation of the studied herbicides.

scholarly journals Characterization of the physical and chemical parameters of Ubatuba Bay, Northern Coast of São Paulo State, Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. M. MANTELATTO ◽  
A. FRANSOZO
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of the present study is to characterize the physical and chemical environmental parameters of Ubatuba Bay (SP), as a subsidy for studies of the composition and distribution of benthic crustaceans which live on the non-consolidated sublittoral bottom of this area. Depth, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, organic content and granulometric composition of the sediments were measured monthly from September/95 to August/96 in eight subareas of the bay. The bay presents an average depth of 9.3 m and is characterized by the following annual mean values for the hydrologic factors: temperature 23.8 ºC, salinity 33.2‰ and dissolved oxygen 5.11 mg/l. The annual mean for the organic matter content of the bay bottom sediments was 11.8% and most subareas presented a grain size composition dominated by pelitic sediments. These peculiar abiotic characteristics are very important for the reproduction and development principally of brachyuran and anomuran crabs, and shrimps which have a close relationship with those substrates.

scholarly journals Distribution of Culturable Myxobacteria in Central Inner Mongolia and their Activity against Phytophthora infestans

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1292-1302
Author(s):  
Zhi Hua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Biological Pesticide

Myxobacteria can produce rich and varied biological active substances against bacteria, fungi and viruses, which have great development and research value in medicine and agriculture. In this study, the diversity of culturable myxobacteria in central Inner Mongolia in China was studied and the effects of soil utilization mode, soil type and environmental parameters on the distribution of myxobacteria in this region were analyzed. Furthermore, the activities of myxobacteria against potato late blight pathogen were tested. The results showed that Myxococcus, Corallococcus, Pyxidicoccus, Cystobacter, Archangium and Mellittangium were the dominant genera of myxobacteria in this region. Soil utilization mode and soil types have obvious influence on the distribution of myxobacteria. The populations of myxobacteria were abundant in grassland and cultivated land samples, but few in woodland and unused land samples. The diversity of myxobacteria in the soil samples from fuvo-aquic soils, grey-cinnamon soils, castanozems, and bog soils was relatively rich, while the richness of myxobacteria in aeolian soils, solonetzs, skeletol soils and castano-cinnamon soils was poor. There was no significant correlation between myxobacteria distribution and soil environmental parameters (including the water content, pH value, content of organic matter, content of available phosphorus, content of hydrolytic nitrogen and content of available potassium). Most of the myxobacterial strains isolated in this area (83%) showed the activity against P. infestans, among which the proportion of the disease-resistant strains belonging to Myxococcus and Corallococcus was high, the proportion of the strains belonging to Cystobacter and Mellittangium in the medium, and the proportion of the strains belonging to Pyxidicoccus and Archangium low. The completion of this work will enrich the myxobacteria resource bank in Inner Mongolia and lay a foundation for the further study on myxobacteria and the development of biological pesticide against potato late blight. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Earthworm assemblages in an ecotone between forest and arable field and their relations with soil properties

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Zeithaml ◽  
Václav Pižl ◽  
Petr Sklenička
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Field Boundary ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Block Sampling ◽  
Density And Biomass

The objective of this work was to assess the effects of a forest-field ecotone on earthworm assemblages. Five sites (blocks) differing in the type of crop rotation used in the field were studied in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. In each block, sampling was carried out in seven parallel rows perpendicular to a transect from a forest (oak or oak-pine) to the centre of a field, both in spring and autumn 2001-2003. Individual rows were located in the forest (5 m from the edge), in the forest edge, and in the field (at 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 m distances from the forest edge). The density and biomass of earthworms were lowest in the forest, increased markedly in the forest edge, decreased again at 5 or 10 m distance from the forest edge and then continuously increased along the distance to the field boundary. The highest number of species was found in the forest edge and in the field boundary. Individual species differed in their distribution along the transect. Both density and biomass of earthworms were correlated with distance from forest edge, soil organic matter content, soil porosity, and water infiltration rate.

Environmental factors affecting nematode community structure in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hua ◽  
Z.N. Zhang ◽  
Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Changjiang Estuary ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
The Changjiang Estuary

This paper describes the major features of nematode assemblages collected at 18 stations in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters and identifies dominant species within communities in relation to environmental parameters. Meiofauna from the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters comprised 21 major taxa of higher categories. Subsamples of nematodes were extracted and identified to the species level. In general, the nematode community structure was similar to that of muddy sublittoral areas world-wide. The most abundant genera were Daptonema, Cobbia, Sabatieria, Dorylaimopsis and Terschellingia, accounting for 50.0%. The studied area exhibited high nematode abundance and high species biodiversity. Measurements of environmental factors were made, including grain size, salinity, temperature, sediment organic matter content, Chl-a and Phaeo-a. Different combinations of environmental variables are responsible for the meiofauna and nematode communities' structures. However, BIOENV results indicate that water depth, salinity, Chl-a, Phaeo-a and silt–clay content were more closely linked to variation in meiofauna (mainly nematode) community structure in the studied area. Among these, water depth, salinity, Chl-a and Phaeo-a were most responsible for nematode assemblage discrimination in the studied area.

scholarly journals Structure of Poduromorpha (Collembola) communities in "restinga" environments in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Henriques Fernandes ◽  
Jorge Luiz Nessimian ◽  
Maria Cleide de Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Springtail Species ◽  
Characteristic Species

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the richness and diversity of the Poduromorpha fauna in two biotopes in Restinga de Maricá, RJ, Brazil, to identify the characteristic species of each biotope and to determine the relationships between the community structure and the abiotic environmental parameters. Representatives of the Poduromorpha (Collembola) order were studied under an ecological viewpoint in halophyte-psammophyte vegetation and foredune zone in preserved areas of Restinga de Maricá, a sand dune environment in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The foredune zone showed the highest diversity, richness and equitability of springtail species. Differences in the fundamental, accessory and accidental species in each environment were encountered. Paraxenylla piloua was found to be an indicator species of the halophyte-psammophyte vegetation, while Friesea reducta, Pseudachorutes difficilis and Xenylla maritima were indicators of the foredune zone. The canonical correspondence analysis indicated pH, organic matter content and soil humidity as the most important factors influencing the spatiotemporal distribution of the species.

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