scholarly journals Characterization of the physical and chemical parameters of Ubatuba Bay, Northern Coast of São Paulo State, Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. M. MANTELATTO ◽  
A. FRANSOZO
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of the present study is to characterize the physical and chemical environmental parameters of Ubatuba Bay (SP), as a subsidy for studies of the composition and distribution of benthic crustaceans which live on the non-consolidated sublittoral bottom of this area. Depth, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, organic content and granulometric composition of the sediments were measured monthly from September/95 to August/96 in eight subareas of the bay. The bay presents an average depth of 9.3 m and is characterized by the following annual mean values for the hydrologic factors: temperature 23.8 ºC, salinity 33.2‰ and dissolved oxygen 5.11 mg/l. The annual mean for the organic matter content of the bay bottom sediments was 11.8% and most subareas presented a grain size composition dominated by pelitic sediments. These peculiar abiotic characteristics are very important for the reproduction and development principally of brachyuran and anomuran crabs, and shrimps which have a close relationship with those substrates.

scholarly journals Soft-Bottom macrobenthic communities of the Vitória Bay estuarine system, South-eastern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosebel C. Nalesso ◽  
Jean-Christophe Joyeux ◽  
Cintia O. Quintana ◽  
Evelise Torezani ◽  
Ana Clara Paz Otegui
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Physico Chemical

The present work describes and analyses the structure of the macrobenthic epi- and infaunal assemblage of the estuarine system of Vitória Bay, South-eastern Brazil, from January 1998 to June 1999. Replicated sampling at intertidal and subtidal levels was conducted quarterly at ten stations. Intertidal and subtidal sediment composition was characterised. Water physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ. A total of 10,695 individuals, belonging to 144 taxa, were collected. Molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes were the most abundant groups. The bivalves Anomalocardia brasiliana, Mytella guyanensis and M. falcata were the most abundant species. Locally, significant discharges of residential and industrial wastewater resulted in high organic content in the sediment (up to 30%) and low dissolved oxygen concentration in the water (< 1mg.l-1). Near the two entrances of the bay, high hydrodynamic activity and coarse sand reduced the detrimental effects of raw and treated sewage inputs. Species richness (S), diversity (H') and total abundance (A) decreased from outer-bay stations (22 < S < 72; 1.99 < H' < 2.85; 320 < A < 1737) towards inner-bay stations (2 < S < 45; 0.59 < H' < 2.67; 2 < A < 1317), where salinity and dissolved oxygen were lowest and organic matter content highest.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Sorption of Clomazone in Brazilian Soils with Different Physical and Chemical Attributes1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A.M. PEREIRA ◽  
L.H. BARCELLOS JR. ◽  
V.A. GONÇALVES ◽  
D.V. SILVA ◽  
A.T. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Soils

ABSTRACT Knowledge of herbicides sorption by colloids predicts its movement in the soil profile and its effectiveness in controlling weeds and crops poisoning when directly applied to the soil. This knowledge becomes even more important for herbicides which have long persistence in the soil. In this research, clomazone sorption was estimated by the biological method in Brazilian soil samples with different physical and chemical characteristics, cultivated with sugarcane crops. As an indicator of the presence of clomazone in the soil, Sorghum bicolor was used. The data relating to assessments of poisoning and accumulation of dry matter of the plants were subjected to multivariate analysis of similarity among variables. After that, clomazone doses that caused 50% of intoxication in sorghum plants grown (C50) as well as sorption ratio (SR) of the herbicide in different soil types were estimated. There was similarity greater than 80% for data regarding the percentage of intoxication and accumulated dry matter, with the option to use only those related to the first variable. RS and C50 were higher in Organosol and lower in red-yellow Latosol with and without changing the pH. It was concluded that the clomazone dose to be recommended must be differentiated for different soils, since the value of clomazone sorption in the soil is dependent on its attributes, and the organic matter content is of the utmost importance.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI KOTORAN SAPI DAN JERAMI PADI DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN BIOAKTIVATOR M-DEC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shobib
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Aerobic Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Time

Cow manure can be used for making organic fertilizer because it contains nutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). Rice straw has a high C-Organic content. Adding straw compost will increase soil organic matter content. The study aims to determine the fermentation process that occurs so as to produce organic fertilize, know the effect of fermentation time and the effect of the composition of raw materials for cow manure and rice straw on the process of making organic fertilizer to the content of organic fertilizer according to SNI 7603 : 2018. The method use by aerobic fermentation is by mixing cow manure and rice straw and M-Dec bioactivators by comparison 3 : 1, 2 : 2,1 : 3 and fermentation time 7, 14, 21, 28 days. The parameters tested are C-organic, Nitrogen (N), C/N ratio, Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). The best quality organic fertilizer in the treatment of cow manure : rice straw with a ratio of 2 : 2 on the 28th day fermentation process namely C-organic content 34,63 %, C/N ratio is 25, macro nutrient content N+P2O5+K2O of 3,14 % that has met SNI 7763 : 2018. Keyword: M-Dec bioactivator, aerobic fermentation, cow manure, rice straw, C/N ratio

scholarly journals Impacts of vinasse and methods of sugarcane harvesting on the availability of K and carbon stock of an Argisol

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinei Alberto Cardin ◽  
Carlos Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Antonio Escarmínio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock

ABSTRACT Soils of tropical regions are more weathered and in need of conservation managements to maintain and improve the quality of its components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of K, the organic matter content and the stock of total carbon of an Argisol after vinasse application and manual and mechanized harvesting of burnt and raw sugarcane, in western São Paulo.The data collection was done in the 2012/2013 harvest, in a bioenergy company in Presidente Prudente/SP. The research was arranged out following a split-plot scheme in a 5x5 factorial design, characterized by four management systems: without vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest after burning; without vinasse application and harvest after burning; plus native forest, and five soil sampling depths (0-10 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm), with four replications. In each treatment, the K content in the soil and accumulated in the remaining dry biomass in the area, the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and soil carbon stock were determined. The mean values were compared by Tukey test. The vinasse application associated with the harvest without burning increased the K content in soil layers up to 40 cm deep. The managements without vinasse application and manual harvest after burning, and without vinasse application with mechanical harvesting without burning did not increase the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and stock of total soil organic carbon, while the vinasse application and harvest after burning and without burning increased the levels of these attributes in the depth of 0-10 cm.

scholarly journals Phosphorus dynamics in a subtropical coastal lake in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurea L. Lemes da Silva ◽  
Mariana C. Hennemann ◽  
Mauricio M. Petrucio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Functional Feeding Groups ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P

Temporal and spatial variations of organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus in the sediments of a subtropical oligo-mesotrophic shallow lake were investigated in relation to water column parameters, sediment characteristics and benthic fauna. The main results found were: 1) Phosphorus (P)  concentration varied seasonally, with organic P and total P  increasing in the sediments in warmer periods; 2) Sediment spatial variation, in terms of grain size composition and organic matter content, influenced P concentrations; 3) quantities and qualities of P in the sediments were positively correlated with water parameters, especially DO and NO3, Chl-a,  water temperature, pH, and total P. Negative correlations were observed between %OP and DO in sites 1, 3 and 4, and with NO3 in sites 2, 3 and 4; 4) benthic functional feeding groups showed significant relationships with temporal variation in sediment P concentration, including gathering-collectors, shredders, filterers and filtering-collectors. The results suggest a high importance of temperature mediated control of sediment-P release, both directly, through its direct effects on primary production and decomposition rates, and indirectly through its effects on other water and sediment parameters, especially dissolved oxygen concentration.

scholarly journals Sorption and desorption of Suflafenacil in two soils in the state of São Paulo with different physical and chemical attributes

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Matallo ◽  
D.A.S. Franco ◽  
S.D.B. Almeida ◽  
A.L. Cerdeira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The State ◽  
Angular Coefficient ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Type C ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A study was conducted to evaluate the sorption and desorption of 14C herbicide saflufenacil (pyrimidinedione) in two soils in the State of São Paulo, classified as Red Yellow Latosol with clayey texture (LVA-1) and medium texture (LVA-2), using the batch method through isotherms. The soils were air dried and sieved a 2 mm mesh. The radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry in acclimatized room (25 ± 2 °C). Sorption isotherms were conducted for 5 concentrations of saflufenacil (5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5 and 0.05 μg mL-1) and the results were adjusted to the Freundlich equation, thus obtaining the parameters of sorption followed by two extractions with 0.01 M CaCl2 to determine desorption parameters similarly to sorption. The results showed that saflufenacil sorption was low for both soils studied, being greater for the LVA with higher organic matter content. The desorption coefficients were greater than their sorption coefficients, suggesting the occurrence of hysteresis. The sorption and desorption isotherms (classified as type C isotherms), hysteresis and the t-test between the angular coefficient of the respective isotherms showed that both the sorption and desorption occur with equal intensity.

Environmental correlates of coastal heathland and allied vegetation

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Griffith ◽  
C. Bale ◽  
P. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Vegetation Pattern ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Australian Coastline ◽  
Vegetation Samples ◽  
Upper Boundary

The east Australian coastline supports regionally distinct heathlands and allied structural formations, and of particular interest is the vegetation on Quaternary dunefields and beach ridge plains containing aquifers. Groundwater is abstracted from these aquifers for domestic, industrial and agricultural consumption, and this abstraction proceeds without a sound understanding of plant–water relations. This study examined relationships between the vegetation and a range of simple and complex environmental variables. Aspects of intra-habitat and micro-site environmental heterogeneity were also explored. Watertable depth varied spatially and temporally relative to vegetation type, although differences were not consistently significant. Differences in watertable depth were significant for vegetation samples grouped by topographic position. Plant roots were invariably present at the upper boundary of the aquifer and these were observed at depths of up to 10.5 m. Groundwater was found to have the chemical composition of dilute seawater. Soil properties for the A1 horizon (total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic matter content) varied with vegetation type and topography, and although mean values were generally higher in wetter habitats, differences were not consistently significant. Ordination identified topography as the more important determinant of vegetation pattern. Intra-habitat and micro-site differences in soil and groundwater properties were detected, and the likely causes of this variation are discussed.

Standard magnetic properties in three mountain lakes of northern Iberia, ¿what is the influence of the major environmental processes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Oliva-Urcia ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Blas Valero-Garcés
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rock Magnetism ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Magnetic Signal ◽  
Subtle Change ◽  
Catchment Areas

&lt;p&gt;Paleoenvironmental reconstructions from three mountaineous lakes located in northern Iberia are compared and completed with classical magnetic analyses in order to detect the influence of different processes on the record and preservation of magnetic properties. The lakes are located in the Cantabrian Mountains, Enol Lake, and in the Pyrenees, the Marbor&amp;#233; Lake and Basa de la Mora Lake and share a similar composition of their catchment areas, dominated by limestones. They present other different characteristics, such as in the organic matter content, being Enol the one with the highest organic carbon values. Redox indicator (Mn/Fe) is higher and more variable in Basa de la Mora Lake, whereas in Enol and Marbor&amp;#233; Lakes steadily increases towards the top of the sequences. New and revisited results from sedimentary cores unravel the significance of the magnetic changes respect to the geochemical and sedimentological variations found in the geological record.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The magnetic mineralogy present after analyses done in discrete samples (less than 500 mg) is magnetite in all samples, due to a sharp decrease at 120 K (Verwey crystallographic transition) and 580&amp;#186;C (Curie temperature of magnetite) in the thermomagnetic curves performed in the MPMS and the Curie balance respectively. No indication of neither pyrrhotite (phase transition at 35 K) nor siderite is observed. The high temperature thermomagnetic analyses show the presence and creation of magnetite during heating, see an increasing of induced magnetization forming a broad peak above 450&amp;#186;C in the heating curve. In addition, a subtle change in the induced magnetization is observed at around 300&amp;#186;C. All analyses related with coercivity indicate the predominance of low coercitive minerals (&amp;#8220;soft&amp;#8221;) as magnetite is.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The combination of geochemical, sedimentological and magnetic proxies suggest that in Enol Lake the magnetic signal may be dominated by the formation of new minerals in relation to redox processes favored by the higher presence of organic matter (6%organic content), whereas in Marbor&amp;#233; Lake, the increase of the magnetic signal toward the top of the sequence seems related to the oxic environment and the preservation of magnetite, since this lake is ultra-oligotrophic. In Basa de la Mora Lake, the source rock seems to play a role in the magnetic signal of the sequence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These results indicate that diagenesis and changes in the redox conditions alter the concentration of magnetic minerals during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene and underlines their value as environmental and paleoclimate archives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgements&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Funding for this research was provided by the Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology through MEDLANT (CGL2016-76215-R) and DINAMO 3 (Ref CGL2015-69160-R) projects and by the European Commission (EFA056/15 REPLIM). The Institute for Rock Magnetism (IRM), the Instrumentation and Facilities program of the National Science Foundation of the Earth Science Division and the University of Minnesota are acknowledged for supporting visits and the free use of the facilities at the IRM, together with the both easy-going and expert guidance from the IRM staff.&lt;/p&gt;

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