scholarly journals Improved Label Propagation Model to Predict Drug - drug Interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Zhice Yan ◽  
Lasheng Zhao ◽  
Xiaopeng Wei ◽  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Label Propagation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Propagation Algorithm ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Chi Square Test

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is one of the most concerned issues in drug design. Accurate prediction of potential DDIs in clinical trials can reduce the occurrence of side effects in real life of drugs. Therefore, we propose a model to predict DDIs. The model integrates several methods that can improve label propagation algorithm. Firstly, the chi-square test (CHI) method is adopted to filter or select the features that contain a large amount of information. Secondly, the sample similarity calculation method is reconstructed by label similarity and feature similarity. Then the label initialization information of unlabeled samples is constructed. Finally, we use label propagation algorithm to estimate the labels of the unlabeled drugs. The results show that the proposed model can obtain higher the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR), which provides a favorable guarantee for the discovery of DDIs in the clinical stage.

scholarly journals Age and HIV stage at initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy determine non-reversal of stunting at 3 years of treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-5
Author(s):  
Putu Diah Vedaswari ◽  
Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati ◽  
I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi ◽  
Hendra Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been reported to improve growth, especially in the first 2 years of treatment. It is not clear whether catch up growth is maintained after 2 years of HAART. Objective To assess growth in stunted children with HIV after 3 years of HAART and analyze possible risk factors for non-reversal of stunting. Methods This study was done from May 2016 to April 2017 to follow children with HIV who started HAART between January 2009 and April 2014, and continued for 3 years. Inclusion criteria were children with HIV, aged < 18 years, compliance to the regimen, and stunting. Exclusion criteria were patients lost to follow up or who died prior to 3 years of HAART. Non-reversal of stunting was defined as HAZ ≤ -2SD after 3 years of HAART. Possible risk factors for non-reversal were analyzed using Chi-square test with P<0.05, as well as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Of 150 HIV-infected pediatric patients, 115 were on HAART and 55 (47.8%) were stunted at HAART initiation. Of the 55 stunted and HAART-treated children, 31 (56.4%) were male. Baseline median age was 3.6 years (interquartile range 0.37-8.48). Non-reversal occurred in 32 (58.2%) subjects. Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed predictors of non-reversal after 3 years of HAART to be age >2 years (RR 16.05; 95%CI 2.89 to 89.02; P=0.002) and HIV stage III-IV (RR 8.93; 95%CI 1.47 to 54.37; P=0.017). Conclusion HAART initiation at age >2 years and HIV clinical stage III-IV at diagnosis are risk factors for non-reversal of stunting after 3 years of HAART.

Multicenter analysis of serum tumor markers, treatment patterns, and relapse in patients with testicular cancer in clinical stage IS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5052-5052
Author(s):  
Maximilian Peter Johannes Karl Brandt ◽  
Christian Guido Ruf ◽  
Klaus Peter Dieckmann ◽  
Isabella Syring ◽  
Christian Ruckes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
Relapse Free Survival ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Serum Tumor Markers ◽  
Chi Square Test

5052 Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in clinical stage I (CSI) are tumors confined to the testis without evidence of metastasis. Around 50% of all TGCT patients present with elevated serum tumor markers (TM) such as alpha-feto protein (AFP), beta-humanochoriongonadotropin (ß-HCG) and lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH). After ablatio testis, TMs usually return to normal according to half-life kinetics, however, in clinical stage IS (CSIS) TMs remain elevated or increase after surgery. Follow-up data on CSIS is scarce and our study aims to assess clinical characteristics and oncologic outcomes in a large TGCT cohort. Methods: In this multicenter study we collected data from 5 tertiary referring hospitals in Germany, included patients with CSIS and evaluated TM levels, treatment and the primary outcome relapse-free survival. False CSIS was defined as documented CSIS but TMs that returned to normal after respective half-life kinetics. Differences between predefined groups (chemotherapy, TM, true/false CSIS) was analyzed with fisher’s exact and chi-square test. Results: Overall, 2616 patient data files were analyzed. Forty-three patients (1.6%) were documented as CSIS of which 27 (63%) were true and 16 (37%) false CSIS. Six (14%) had seminomas and 37 (86%) non-seminomas. In the true CSIS group AFP, ß-HCG, AFP plus ß-HCG and LDH were elevated in 13, 6, 3 and 2 cases. Four true CSIS patients received surveillance, 21 had 3x or 2x courses of BEP (bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin) and 2 carboplatin. Within the false CSIS group, 2 patients were treated with surveillance, 10 received 3x BEP, one 3x PEI (cisplatin, etoposide and ifosfamid) and 3 had carboplatin. Chi-Square test revealed no difference between true or false CSIS classification in respect to application of chemotherapy (any chemotherapy, p = 0.83). Relapse-free survival after 5 and 10 years was 88.9% and 77.8%, respectively. Three patients in the true CSIS group relapsed (2 seminomas had carboplatin, 1 non-seminoma had surveillance). All relapses were treated with 3 courses of BEP with no documented death in the CSIS population. Conclusions: Overall, less than 2% of all TGCT were documented CSIS of which 37% were falsely classified. We report a high proportion of relapse-free survival in CSIS treated with surveillance or BEP with a high heterogeneity in treatment patterns. Correct classification of CSIS remains of critical importance to avoid toxicity for patients that could be safely treated with surveillance.

scholarly journals MiR-106B Represents an Innovative Bio-marker in Cholangiocarcinoma Detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yanni Li ◽  
Yanfang Zheng ◽  
Huoming Chen ◽  
Xiaolong Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Late diagnosis may be responsible for the high mortality. MicroRNA-106b (MiR-106b) is accepted as an important regulator in various human malignancies. The current study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of miR-106b in CCA. Methods Serum levels of miR-106b in CCA patients and healthy control were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was used to analyze the association of miR-106b with the clinicopathological features. To evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-106b in CCA, the ROC curve was constructed. Results The expression of miR-106b was significantly increased in CCA samples compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.001). The overexpression of miR-106b was remarkable correlated with the lymphatic node metastasis (P = 0.038), clinical stage (P = 0.017) and differentiation (P = 0.009). ROC curve suggested that miR-106b was an effective diagnostic biomarker in CCA with the AUC of 0.913. The optimal cutoff value was 2.525, with the sensitivity of 89.7% and the specificity of 79.3%. Conclusions MiR-106b functions as an oncogene in CCA, which may be an potential diagnostic biomarker for CCA.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Bladder Cancer During First Month of COVID-19 Outbreak: Lessons Learned Across Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Maccagnano ◽  
Lorenzo Rocchini ◽  
Emanuele Montanari ◽  
Giario Natale Conti ◽  
Roberto Contieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objectives: Real-life overview of bladder cancer (BC) surgical management in Italy during the first month of COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) with head to head comparison of the data from March 2019, considered “usual activity” period. The aim is to confront performance of Academic Centers (AC) vs Non Academic Centers (NAC) as well as non-COVID Centers (nCC) and COVID Centers (CC). Patients and methods: During April 2020, an e-mail survey was sent to 32 Sections of Urology across Italy. It contained 14 multiple-choice questions focused on activities during March 2019 and March 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (v26) software. Results28 centers answered to survey. AC and NAC showed statistically significant differences (chi-square test p<0.05) about number of physicians assigned to Covid wards (p=0.001), Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT) (p=0.046) and cystectomies (p=0.037) performed in March 2020 (p=0.037). In 2020, AC performed more surgical procedures compared to NAC. In 2019, AC had more procedures per Operating Block (OB) (p=0.015) and greater number of emergent Trans-Urethral Resections (TUR) (p=0.014), while NAC had more TURBTs. CC had more patients (pts) both evaluated for gross hematuria (p=0.017) and requiring haemostatic Trans-Urethral Resection (hTUR) in 2019. In 2020 nCC had more surgeries per OB (p=0.001), TURBTs (p=0.030) and cystectomies (p=0.034) than CC. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic represents an important challenge for cancer centers, in the context of an extremely dynamic clinical and political situation which requires maximum flexibility to be appropriately managed.

scholarly journals P415 The anti-IL-23/IL-12 agent Ustekinumab is an effective and safe induction therapy in patients with Crohn’s disease refractory or intolerant to anti-TNF: a multicentre Italian study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S379-S379
Author(s):  
A Gubbiotti ◽  
B Barberio ◽  
F Zingone ◽  
R D’Incà ◽  
L Bertani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Biologic Agent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background There are limited real-life studies in medical literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of Ustekinumab, an Anti-IL-23/Anti IL-12 agent, in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who required treatment because of refractoriness or intolerance to previous biological treatments. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of Ustekinumab in anti-TNF refractory or intolerant CD patients. Methods All CD patients who completed induction with Ustekinumab in three Italian IBD Units (Padua, Santorso, and Pisa) were enrolled. Patients were evaluated after induction (first intravenous dose followed by a subcutaneous dose at 8 weeks) and clinical (Harvey- Bradshaw-Index) and biochemical data, including faecal calprotectin (FC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected. Information on the need of optimisation (every 12 or 8 weeks) and adverse events were also collected. Continuous and categorical variables were expressed as mean with standard deviation (sd) and frequency with percentages, respectively. Comparisons between variables were conducted using paired t-test and chi-square test. Data were analysed using STATA11.1 software. Results Sixty-three patients were included (41 males, mean age 43 ± sd 13.2 years). All of them had previously been treated with at least one biologic agent and 95.2% with oral steroids. The main indications for starting therapy were: previous treatment failure (77.2%) and pharmacological intolerance (17.5%). At the time of the induction, 28.6% patients were under steroid treatment. Post induction, clinical remission was obtained in 63.5% patients, while steroid-free clinical remission in 52.4%. Moreover, a statistically significant reduction of FC (from 916 μg/l to 444 μ/l, p &lt; 0.001) and normalisation of CRP (n = 14, 33.3%; p &lt; 0.001) were observed. After induction, 3 adverse effects were reported, and in two treatment discontinuations was necessary (i.e. 1 case of pyelonephritis and 1 case of a re-activation of entero-cutaneous fistula). Finally, among 63 patients enrolled, 51 (80.9%) were optimised with a maintenance regimen of 8 weeks sub-cutaneous doses. Conclusion Our study shows that Ustekinumab seemed is effective in achieving clinical remission and steroid-free clinical remission after induction in the majority of CD patient despite the refractoriness to anti-TNF treatment. Moreover, the drug appeared safe and well tolerated. On the other hand, treatment optimisation to 8 weeks was adopted in most of the patients, in order to guarantee a better outcome.

Correlation between classical prognostic factors and overexpression of HER2 and HER3 in localized gastric cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14589-e14589
Author(s):  
Jose Alejandro Perez-Fidalgo ◽  
Noelia Tarazona ◽  
Samuel Navarro ◽  
Fernando Lopez-Mozos ◽  
Roberto Marti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Chi Square Test

e14589 Background: Although HER2 overexpression has been identified as a predictive factor for targeted therapy in advanced gastric cancer (GC), little is known about its role in localized GC. Recent studies suggest that not only HER2 but also HER3 might have a role in prognosis in GC. Our study aimed to identify the prevalence of HER2 and HER3 overexpression in a series of localized GC and to describe correlations of these with traditional prognostic factors Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of HER2 and HER3 overexpression in archived tumour samples in pts diagnosed with GC at stage I-III. HER2 was assessed with herceptest, (negative if 0 or 1+, or positive with 2+ or 3+). Staining of HER3 was determined with the Rajkumar score (HER3+ when score > or = 8). Correlation between the HER receptors expression and the clinicopathologic parameters was statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis of the correlation of HER2 and HER3 with other variables was performed with chi-square test or with the Mann Witney U for continuous variables. Impact on survival was analysed with Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. Results: From Jan 2003 to Sep 2011, 125 patients with clinical stage I-III GC were included. Median age was 73 years (35-91) and most frequent location was antrum (47.2%). Up to 43.2% of the patients were treated with preoperative chemotherapy. HER2 was + in 18 patients (14.4%) and HER3 in 38 (30.4%). HER2 was more likely to be overexpressed in older patients (median age: 78.4 vs 68.4; p<0.0001) and in low grade adenocarcinomas (grade 1-2: 13.8% vs grade 3: 1.1%; p=0.006). HER3 was more frequently overexpressed at advanced stages (I and IIA: 10.3% vs IIB and III: 20.3%; p=0.004) and in adenocarcinoma with intestinal subtype (intestinal: 21.4% vs difuse/mixed: 8.5%; p=0.03) or without evidence of signet ring cells (absent: 26.8% vs present: 4.1%; p=0.03) . HER2 and HER3 were significantly related (p=0.0012) with an OR of 3,52 times more frequently HER3+, if HER2 was +. No significant impact was shown in survival for either HER2 or HER3. Conclusions: HER2 and HER3 overexpression seems to identify a particular subgroup of patients with favourable classical prognostic factors.

New Key-Dependent S-Box Generation Algorithm on AES

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Proteeti Das ◽  
Najmul Hoque Munshi ◽  
Subhasis Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Data Encryption ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Avalanche Effect ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques ◽  
Low Charge

Aims: Cryptography means 'hidden secrets'. The primary purpose of cryptography is to protect network and data over a wireless communication channel. The cryptographic approach secures the data of a network from any internal or external attacks. Background: There are several kinds of cryptographic techniques that are Data Encryption Standard (DES), RSA (Rivest- Shamir- Adleman), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Blowfish, Twofish etc. Out of these algorithms, AES shows wide acceptance for its superiority in providing confidentiality to secret information. Another cause for extensive acceptance is, AES is simple, convenient to implement, low charge and higher security. Several changes have been proposed to modify in recent times by cryptographers and researchers all around the world. Objective: This research paper offers a new key-dependent s-box generation algorithm for AES. Methods: A list of irreducible polynomials of degree 8 is used to generate the s-box depending on the secret key to provide more invulnerable ciphertext in comparison to standard AES. This design of this proposed model is easy and convenient to implement than different dynamic s-box technology algorithm. Results : The metrics chosen for overall performance evaluation are Frequency Distribution, Chi-square Test, Avalanche Effect, and Strict Avalanche Criterion. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm satisfies the desired property of these metrics and provides better security in contrast to standard AES.

Ballistic error propagation algorithm for glide trajectory based on perturbation theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (9) ◽  
pp. 1574-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Guojian Tang
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Error Propagation ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Coordinate Frame ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Propagation Algorithm ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Sufficient Precision ◽  
Perturbation Equations

A ballistic error propagation algorithm for glide trajectories of a hypersonic glide vehicle is originally proposed based on the perturbation theory. Perturbation equations that treat perturbations as external inputs and flight state deviations as state variables are established. Based on the reasonable simplification assumptions, the analytic expression of the state transition matrix is deduced and thus the ballistic error propagation model is established. A transposed coordinate frame is introduced to simplify the development of the perturbation equations and the error propagation model. By employing the gravity anomaly as the single perturbation factor, the proposed algorithm is validated and verified by numerical experiments. When compared with the traditional method, the proposed method takes only just a quarter computational costs and restrains the method errors beneath 10% of the total terminal deviations. It is an effort that initially focuses on the error propagation mechanism of the glide trajectory and the proposed model has sufficient precision for the analysis of modeling deviations, thus laying the foundation of correcting the modeling deviations and enhancing the accuracy of vehicle’s flight states.

scholarly journals Drug interactions between antineoplastic and antidepressant agents: analysis of patients seen at an oncology clinic at a general hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Camila de Araújo Reinert ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigues Ribas ◽  
Paulo Roberto Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Simultaneous Use

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among oncology patients and identify simultaneous use of antineoplastic and antidepressant agents.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that interviewed 56 oncology patients using two data collection instruments: a questionnaire covering clinical and sociodemographic data and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), for assessment of depressive symptoms. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the chi-square test was used to evaluate associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables and depressive symptoms.Results: A 26.7% (15 patients) prevalence of depression was detected. Just eight of these 15 patients (53.3%) were receiving treatment for depression. In the sample as a whole, 13 of the patients interviewed (23.2%) were taking antidepressants and 11 of these 13 patients (19.6%) were taking antidepressive and antineoplastic agents simultaneously. A total of five (8.9% of the sample) contraindicated drug interactions were detected.Conclusions:Depressive symptoms are more prevalent among cancer patients than in the general population, but they are generally under-diagnosed and under-treated. Simultaneous use of antidepressant and antineoplastic agents is common and so, in order to reduce the number of harmful adverse effects, possible drug interactions must be identified before antidepressants are prescribed to cancer patients.

scholarly journals XGBoost-Based Framework for Smoking-Induced Noncommunicable Disease Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6513
Author(s):  
Khishigsuren Davagdorj ◽  
Van Huy Pham ◽  
Nipon Theera-Umpon ◽  
Keun Ho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Interpretable Models

Smoking-induced noncommunicable diseases (SiNCDs) have become a significant threat to public health and cause of death globally. In the last decade, numerous studies have been proposed using artificial intelligence techniques to predict the risk of developing SiNCDs. However, determining the most significant features and developing interpretable models are rather challenging in such systems. In this study, we propose an efficient extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) based framework incorporated with the hybrid feature selection (HFS) method for SiNCDs prediction among the general population in South Korea and the United States. Initially, HFS is performed in three stages: (I) significant features are selected by t-test and chi-square test; (II) multicollinearity analysis serves to obtain dissimilar features; (III) final selection of best representative features is done based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Then, selected features are fed into the XGBoost predictive model. The experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms several existing baseline models. In addition, the proposed model also provides important features in order to enhance the interpretability of the SiNCDs prediction model. Consequently, the XGBoost based framework is expected to contribute for early diagnosis and prevention of the SiNCDs in public health concerns.

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