scholarly journals EBSD study of microstructure evolution of ferritic stainless steel during cold rolling and annealing

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 11007
Author(s):  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Yijie Xu ◽  
Liwen Zhang ◽  
Yinlin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Inhomogeneous Deformation ◽  
Rolled Sample ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Ebsd Technique

The microstructure and texture of ferritic stainless steels (FSSs), formed during cold rolling and annealing processes, determine the mechanical properties of final sheet, especially the deep drawing formability. In this work, aNb, Ti stabilized17%Cr FSS was cold rolled with the reductions of 20%~70% and annealed for periods at 700°C. EBSD technique was used to characterize the microstructure evolution and inhomogeneous deformation strain distribution of the sheet during cold rolling. Partially annealed sheets were also analyzed to observe the nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains. Special attentions were paid on the crystal orientation of the deformed grains and recrystallzed grains. The results infer that in-grain shear band was formed in the cold rolled sample with the reduction higher than 30%, associated with the formation of high deformation strains. And the recrystallized grains prefer to form at some unique grain boundaries and in-grain shear bands. The orientations of recrystallized grains relates to the deformed grains.

scholarly journals Effect of cold rolling and annealing temperature to the characteristics of α + β' phases in Cu-29.5Zn-2.5Al alloy produced by gravity casting

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
I. Angela ◽  
I. Basori ◽  
B.T. Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Slip Bands ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cold Rolled

Al-brass alloys (Cu29.5Zn2.5Al wt. %) were produced by gravity casting and homogenized at 800?C for 2 h, resulting in a binary phase morphology identified as cubic ? and martensitic ?? phases through X-ray diffraction (XRD). Samples were then subsequently cold rolled and annealed at 150, 300, 400, and 600?C for 30 minutes. Visible traces of slip, intersecting slip bands, and shear bands were observed in microstructure images of the samples after each progressive deformation stage. Deformation-induced martensites were present after 20 % cold rolling. Higher thickness reduction resulted in simultaneous strain hardening of the phases. Low temperature annealing slightly increased microhardness, of both ? and ??, due to the formation of precipitates. SEM-EDX analysis showed that no solute segregation was found in annealed samples. Annealing at higher temperature resulted in conventional softening. Recrystallized equiaxed ?? phase grains were visible after annealing at 600?C.

Effects of Normalizing Annealing on the Recrystallization Texture of 4.2wt.%Si Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Thin Sheets

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Liu ◽  
Yu Hui Sha ◽  
Yong Chuang Yao ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Liang Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Recrystallization Texture ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Normalizing Annealing

The 4.2wt.%Si non-oriented electrical steel thin sheets with the thickness of 0.30mm were produced by the conventional procedure including hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing. The recrystallization texture was analyzed with emphasis on the effect of normalizing annealing. The results show that the  fiber with peak at {111} is weaker and η fiber is stronger in the sheets with normalizing annealing than those without normalizing annealing, either under the cold rolled reduction of 77% or 86%. Effects of normalizing annealing on the recrystallization texture can be explained in terms of the characteristic of the shear bands formed during cold rolling process.

Investigation of the Primary Recrystallisation Microstructure of Cold Rolled and Annealed Fe 3% Si Single Crystals with Goss Orientation

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothée Dorner ◽  
Ludger Lahn ◽  
Stefan Zaefferer
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Goss Orientation ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

A silicon steel single crystal with {110}<001> Goss orientation was cold rolled up to 89 % thickness reduction and subsequently annealed. The evolution of the macroscopic cold rolling texture was investigated by x-ray diffraction. Local orientation relationships and the microstructure around and within Goss grains of deformed and annealed samples were analysed using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. During cold rolling a texture consisting of two strong {111}<112> components and a minor {110}<001> Goss component develops. After primary recrystallisation the texture is characterized by a strong Goss component. Goss-oriented grains that remain after high deformation are considered to be the origin for the primary recrystallisation texture.

Microstructure and Texture Development in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr Alloy during Cold Rolling and Annealing

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ghaderi ◽  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
Matthew R. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Phase Sample

This study focuses on the microstructure and texture evolution of a Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy during cold rolling and annealing treatments. Three samples with different initial microstructures were cold rolled to a 40% reduction in thickness. The starting microstructure of one sample was single β phase while two other specimens were α+β phases with different α particle sizes, distributed in β grains. For all three samples, the average size of primary β grains was 150 µm. The cold rolled specimens were then annealed at 860 °C (10 °C above the β transus temperature) for 5 minutes followed by water quenching. Microstructure development during cold rolling and recrystallization was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. Microstructure investigations showed that massive amount of shear bands occurred during the cold rolling of the single β phase sample while only a few shear bands were observed in the α+β cold rolled microstructures. The cold rolled texture of the sample comprised of a single β phase contains a gamma fibre (//ND) and a partial alpha fibre (//RD). Annealing treatment decreased the intensity of the cold rolled texture in the single β phase sample. Also, it was found that the presence of α precipitates changes the common annealing texture observed in the single β phase specimen.

Effect of Severe Cold-Rolling and Subsequent Annealing on Microstructure and Properties of in-Situ Composite Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yong Ming Yang ◽  
Jiu Chuan Chen ◽  
Quan Xing Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Rolling Plane ◽  
Subsequent Annealing ◽  
Rolled Sample ◽  
In Situ Composite ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Equiaxed Grains

In this paper, the process of severe cold-rolling and annealing for Q235 steel with lath martensite has demonstrated a new promising technique for producing in-situ composite multi-nanolayer steel. Cold rolling and subsequent annealing have great impact on microstructure evolution as well as mechanical properties. In the as-rolled state, the strength (b 2112 MPa) is approximately four times increased than as-received material, which is attributed to work hardening and grain refining during cold rolling. As cold-rolled sample subjected to further annealing below 500 °C, deformed microstructure underwent further recovery and recrystallization and finally became refined equiaxed grains; ultrafine ferrite grains, nano-carbides precipitated uniformly were seen in the specimen annealed at 500 °C, and the phenomenon of fracture delamination was observed from the specimens, the delamination plane was parallel to the rolling plane, in-situ composite weak interfaces effect has great impact on the fracture surface. Annealing at and above 600 °C resulted in coarse ferrite grains with spheroidized coarse carbides, causing grain growth.

scholarly journals The Effects of Annealing at Different Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Al0.3CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Zichao Zhu ◽  
Tongtong Yang ◽  
Ruolan Shi ◽  
Xuantong Quan ◽  
Jinlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Rolled Sample ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Strength And Toughness

In this work, cold-rolling was utilized to induce a high density of crystal defects in Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys. The effects of annealing temperature on static recrystallization, precipitation behavior and mechanical properties were investigated. With increasing annealing temperature from 590 °C to 800 °C, the area fraction of recrystallized region increases from 26.9% to 93.9%. Cold-rolling deformation largely promotes the precipitation of B2 phases during annealing, and the characteristics of the precipitates are linked to recrystallization level. The coarse and equiaxed B2 phases exist in the recrystallized region and the fine and elongated B2 phases occupy the non-recrystallized region. Combined use of cold-rolling and annealing can remarkably enhance the strength and toughness. A partially recrystallized microstructure in a cold-rolled sample annealed at 700 °C exhibits a better combination of strength and toughness than a fully recrystallized microstructure in a cold-rolled sample annealed at 800 °C. Finally, related mechanisms are discussed.

Effect of Cold Rolling on the Damping of As Cast Cu-Al-Mn Shape Memory Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mielczarek ◽  
Yvonne Wöckel ◽  
Werner Riehemann
Keyword(s):  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Amplitude Dependence ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
Cold Rolled

The ductility of Cu – Al – Mn shape memory alloys at room temperature depends on the aluminium content. High aluminium contents make Cu – Al – Mn very brittle and unsuitable for plastic shaping. Two Cu – Al – Mn shape memory alloys were investigated. The ductile alloy CuAl7.8Mn9.5 (all contents in wt. %) could be easily cold rolled by 86 %. The alloy CuAl12Mn4.3 could be cold rolled by only 12 - 14 %. The amplitude dependence of damping of austenitic specimens increased with increasing degree of cold work, whereas the damping of martensiticaustenitic specimens decreased. These observations can be explained by the creation of stress induced martensite and therefore by new moveable interfaces like phase- and twin boundaries, which contribute to damping. Plastic deformation increases the dislocation density, too. Both the increase of dislocation density and the increase of martensite content can lead to a decrease of damping mainly for high deformation degrees. Same shape memory alloys have shown negligible hardness increase during cold rolling, too. This behaviour, untypical for metals, can be explained by the generation of new martensite and by the fact that the hardness of martensite is smaller than the hardness of austenite. Some aging effects of the specimen after cold rolling, which lead to decrease of damping, were detected. This can be explained by pinning of moveable interfaces by point defects and/or retransformation of martensite into austenite.

Survival of Goss Grains during Cold Rolling of a Silicon Steel Single Crystal

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothée Dorner ◽  
Ludger Lahn ◽  
Stefan Zaefferer
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Oriented Crystal ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Goss Orientation ◽  
Crystal Volume

A silicon steel single crystal with initial Goss orientation, i.e. the {110}<001> orientation, was cold rolled up to 89 % thickness reduction. Most of the crystal volume rotates into the two symmetrical equivalent {111}<112> orientations. However, a weak Goss component is still present after high strain, although the Goss orientation is mechanically instable under plane strain loading. Two types of Goss-oriented crystal volumes are found in the highly deformed material. We suggest that their origin is different. The Goss-oriented regions that are observed within shear bands form during the cold rolling process. In contrast, those Goss-oriented crystal volumes that are found inside of microbands survive the cold rolling.

Bending Ductility of Heavily Cold-Rolled Ni3Al Thin Foils

2002 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kobayashi ◽  
Masahiko Demura ◽  
Kyosuke Kishida ◽  
Toshiyuki Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Dislocation Interaction ◽  
Fracture Elongation ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Slip Planes ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Bending Mechanism ◽  
Slip Deformation

ABSTRACTOur recent studies revealed that heavily cold-rolled Ni3Al foils have a good bending ductility in spite of almost no elongation in tensile test. In this paper, bending characteristics of 95% cold-rolled foils around transverse and rolling directions (TD and RD, respectively) were examined to understand the bending mechanism. Fracture elongation on the tension surface shows a large bending anisotropy: 5 % for the TD bending, while less than 1% for the RD bending. The bending ductility is due to {111}<110> slip deformation. In the TD bending, slip occurs on the slip systems operated during cold rolling, and cracks initiate along the shear bands. In the RD bending, slip occurs on the other {111} planes besides the slip planes operated during cold rolling, and fracture occurs as a result of the dislocation interaction in the both planes.

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