Kinetic analysis of co-combustion of microalgae spirulina platensis and synthetic waste through the fitting model

Thermogravimetric analyzer had been occupied to investigate the behavior of co-combustion between microalgae Spirulina platensis and synthetic waste. The powder of microalgae and synthetic waste were mixed in the same ratio of 50/50. Around 10 mg of the sample was heated up in the chamber under air atmosphere flowrate of 100 ml/min at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The results showed that the sample blend is undergoing thermal degradation in the three stages. The most massive reaction occurred in the second stage in which around 74% of the mass degraded and combusted. The activation energy in the main combustion reaction zone according to the method of Horowitz–Metzger was 57.77 kJ/mol.

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Kinetic Study of PVC Pyrolysis in Air by Thermogravimetric Analysis Using the Friedman Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.427.64 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 427 ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin Han ◽

Yu Long Wu ◽

Wei Feng ◽

Zhen Chen ◽

Ming De Yang

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermal Degradation ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Inert Atmosphere ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Pyrolysis Mechanism ◽

Second Stage ◽

Friedman Method

The thermal degradation of PVC in air ambience was investigated by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experiments were carried out at different heating rate of 5, 10, 20 and 40°C/min, respectively. The activation energy was calculated by the Friedman method. The pyrolysis mechanism of PVC in air was discussed and compared with that in Nitrogen atmosphere. The pyrolysis process of PVC in air could be divided into two main stages: 200 °C ~ 380 °C and 400 °C ~ 600 °C, which obtained by TGA at the heating rate of 5°C/min. The second stage could be further subdivided into two parts by 465 °C. It can be concluded that the oxygen in air affected the second stage more obviously than that of the first one, in comparison with inert atmosphere. The activation energy of the second stage was still larger than the first stage.

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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELECTED FORMULA Spirulina platensis TROCHES BASED ON PYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v6i2.9019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ria Fahleny ◽

Wini Trilaksani ◽

Iriani Setyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Corn Flour ◽

Health Ministry ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Second Stage ◽

Third Stage ◽

Three Stages

ABSTRACT Spirulina contains complete nutrition and bioactive components as a source of antioxidants. The aims of this research were to determine a formula of troche from Spirulina platensis according to the physical characteristic standard of the Indonesian Health Ministry, and to determine the antioxidant activity of the selected troche from Spirulina platensis. This research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was troches formulation. The second stage was troches physical analyses, including weight uniformity, friability, hardnes, and disintegration time. The third stage was to determine the antioxidant activity of the selected formula of troche from Spirulina platensis. There were five formulas of troches i.e., FTS 1, FTS 2, FTS 3, FTS 4, and FTS 5. The troche consisted of Spirulina platensis powder, carrageenan, gelatin, corn flour, sugarleaf, and mint powder. Based on the weight uniformity of the troche, all formulas met the standard. However, according to friability aspect, the best formula was FTS 1 with rate of 1.7%. The hardness of five formula ranged from 0.65 to 2.3 Kp, and none met the standard. The best formula based on disintegration time measurement was FTS 1 (24:47 minutes). Based on the physical characteristics of the troches, the selected formula was FTS 1. The antioxidant activity (IC50 of the selected formula (FTS 1) was 288,68 ppm. Keywords: antioxidant, troches, physical characteristics of troches, Spirulina platensis

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Arrhenius Kinetic Analysis during Combustion of Spirulina platensis Microalgae

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.851.142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 851 ◽

pp. 142-148

Author(s):

Sukarni Sukarni ◽

Muklisul Anwar

Keyword(s):

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Differential Method ◽

Air Flow Rate ◽

Kinetic Evaluation ◽

Exponential Factor ◽

Kinetic And Thermodynamic Parameters ◽

Second Stage ◽

Factor Log ◽

Three Stages

Characteristics and potential of microalgae Spirulina platensis as an energy source were studied in regard to the decomposition patterns, as well as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The thermogravimetric analysis was performed using the TGA instrument (Mettler Toledo TG DSC 1) at a heating rate of 30 °C/min, with an atmospheric air flow-rate of 100 ml/min at the temperature range of 25-1000 °C. The kinetic was evaluated using a differential method of Arrhenius. The results showed that Spirulina platensis microalgae decomposed into three stages. The first stage is related to the evaporation of moisture, the second stage is associated with the release of volatile matter, and the final stage is the combustion stage of char. The kinetic evaluation resulted in the respective activation energy (), pre-exponential factor (log A) and reaction order (n) are 53.57 kJ/mol, 4.4 min-1, and 1.73. It also understands from the thermodynamic analysis that the respective values of enthalpy (), Gibbs free energy ( and the entropies ( were 48.50 kJ/mol, 146,73 kJ/mol, and-174,78 J/mol.

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Study on the Thermal Degradation Behaviors of the Sheath and Insulation Materials of FR-PVC Cables

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.914 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 914-918

Author(s):

Xiang Zhang ◽

Fan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Thermal Degradation ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Insulation Materials ◽

Air Atmosphere ◽

Degradation Behaviors ◽

Tg And Dtg

The thermal and kinetic behaviors of the sheath and insulation material taken from the fire-retardant PVC cable have been investigated in the air atmosphere by using thermogravimetrical (TG) analysis method. The degrading activation energy (Ea) of the material were calculated through Kissinger and Flynn-Wall equations based on the TG and DTG curves. The results showed that there were three steps during the degrading process of the FR PVC cable sheath and insulation materials, and the degradation rate increased with the increase of the heating rate. The average activation energy of the sheath and insulation material obtained from Flynn-Wall equation were 118 kJ/mol and 134kJ/mol, respectively.

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Thermal and kinetic analysis of pure and contaminated ionic liquid: 1-butyl-2.3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (BDMIMCl)

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology ◽

10.1515/pjct-2016-0038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 122-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ayyaz Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Thermal Degradation ◽

Kinetic Analysis ◽

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Process Design ◽

Research Work ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Abstract In this research work, thermal decomposition and kinetic analysis of pure and contaminated imidazolium based ionic liquid (IL) has been investigated. As thermal decomposition and kinetics evaluation plays a pivotal role in effective process design. Therefore, thermal stability of pure 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (BDMIMCl) was found to be higher than the sample of IL with the addition of 20% (wt.) NH4Cl as an impurity. The activation energy of thermal degradation of IL and other kinetic parameters were determined using Coats Redfern method. The activation energy for pure IL was reduced in the presence of NH4Cl as contaminant i.e., from 58.7 kJ/mol to 46.4 kJ/mol.

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Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Poly (vinyl chloride)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.96.245 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 245-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin Han ◽

Yu Long Wu ◽

Guo Rui ◽

Wei Feng ◽

Zhen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Thermal Degradation ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Mass Conservation ◽

Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽

Pyrolysis Mechanism ◽

Second Stage ◽

Volatile Products ◽

Infrared Spectrometer ◽

Kinetics Of

The thermal degradation of PVC resin was examined by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pyrolysis volatile products were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer synchronized with TG test (TG-FTIR). Based on the TG results, the kinetics of thermal degradation was studied by Friedman method. The pyrolysis mechanism was discussed also. The results indicate that the pyrolysis process of PVC can be divided into two main stages: 220°C - 380°C and 380°C - 560°C. By the calculation of mass conservation and TG-FTIR results, it can be supposed that not only HCl, but also some unsubstituted aromatics such as benzene were released during the first stage. The comparison of activation energy shows that the second stage exhibited higher activation energy than the first stage. Two activation energy values in the first stage confirm that there arose two reactions in the first stage.

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The Pyrolysis Characteristics of Low Ash Lignite

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.755 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 755-758

Author(s):

Ying Xu ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Yong Fa Zhang ◽

Guo Jie Zhang ◽

Xiang Lan Li

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Maximum Rate ◽

Main Process ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Loss Process ◽

Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽

Second Stage ◽

Three Stages ◽

Weight Loss Process

The pyrolysis characteristics of lignite with low ash were investigated and the influences of heating rate on the weight loss process were also discussed. The results showed the lignite pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages, in which the second stage, the temperature range is about 300oC ~550oC, is the main process of the weight loss; with the heating rate is enhanced, the temperature of maximum rate of weight loss was increased while the maximum rate of coal weight loss is increased, and the temperature of maximum rate of coal weight loss is basically the same.

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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELECTED FORMULA Spirulina platensis TROCHES BASED ON PYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v6i2.9019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ria Fahleny ◽

Wini Trilaksani ◽

Iriani Setyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Corn Flour ◽

Health Ministry ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Second Stage ◽

The Third ◽

Third Stage ◽

Three Stages

ABSTRACT Spirulina contains complete nutrition and bioactive components as a source of antioxidants. The aims of this research were to determine a formula of troche from Spirulina platensis according to the physical characteristic standard of the Indonesian Health Ministry, and to determine the antioxidant activity of the selected troche from Spirulina platensis. This research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was troches formulation. The second stage was troches physical analyses, including weight uniformity, friability, hardnes, and disintegration time. The third stage was to determine the antioxidant activity of the selected formula of troche from Spirulina platensis. There were five formulas of troches i.e., FTS 1, FTS 2, FTS 3, FTS 4, and FTS 5. The troche consisted of Spirulina platensis powder, carrageenan, gelatin, corn flour, sugarleaf, and mint powder. Based on the weight uniformity of the troche, all formulas met the standard. However, according to friability aspect, the best formula was FTS 1 with rate of 1.7%. The hardness of five formula ranged from 0.65 to 2.3 Kp, and none met the standard. The best formula based on disintegration time measurement was FTS 1 (24:47 minutes). Based on the physical characteristics of the troches, the selected formula was FTS 1. The antioxidant activity (IC50 of the selected formula (FTS 1) was 288,68 ppm. Keywords: antioxidant, troches, physical characteristics of troches, Spirulina platensis

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Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Polyurethane/polybenzoxazine Alloys

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.439 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 439-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sunan Tiptipakorn ◽

Sarawut Rimdusit ◽

Phiriyathorn Suwanmala ◽

Kasinee Hemvichian

Keyword(s):

Thermal Degradation ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽

Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽

First Derivative ◽

Degradation Temperature ◽

Kissinger Model ◽

Ozawa Model ◽

Kinetics Of

Recently, the alloys of polyurethane (PU)/polybenzoxazine (PBA-a) have been studied due to many interesting properties; however, the thermal degradation kinetics of the system has not been mentioned before. In this study, the degradation temperatures of the obtained alloys were determined using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) with various heating rate of 10, 20, 25oC/min. The polyurethane /polybenzoxazine alloys at the weight ratios of 30/70 were prepared for determination due to its highest degradation temperature. The first derivative curves of the thermograms (DTG) were deconvoluted with Peak-fit program. The results reveal three main sub-stages of degradation. According to Arrhenius Eq., the activation energies (Ea) of each degradation sub-stage were determined using Kissinger model and Fynn-Wall Ozawa model.

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Thermal Analysis of Nigerian Oil Palm Biomass with Sachet-Water Plastic Wastes for Sustainable Production of Biofuel

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7070475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 475 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bello Salman ◽

Mei Yin Ong ◽

Saifuddin Nomanbhay ◽

Arshad Adam Salema ◽

Revathy Sankaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Thermal Conversion ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Second Stage ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Oil Palm Biomass ◽

Sachet Water

Nigeria, being the world’s largest importer of diesel-powered gen-sets, is expected to invest in bio-fuels in the future. Hence, it is important to examine the thermal properties and synergy of wastes for potential downstream resource utilization. In this study, thermal conversion as a route to reduce the exploding volume of wastes from sachet-water plastic (SWP) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biomass was studied. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and subsequent differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used for the analysis. The effect of heating rate at 20 °C min−1 causes the increase of activation energy of the decomposition in the first-stage across all the blends (0.96 and 16.29 kJ mol−1). A similar phenomenon was seen when the heating rate was increased from 10 to 20 °C min−1 in the second-stage of decomposition. Overall, based on this study on the synergistic effects during the process, it can be deduced that co-pyrolysis can be an effective waste for energy platform.

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