scholarly journals Comparison of theoretical deformation with real life model of a steel bridge span

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Karol Federowicz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Static System ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Bridge Span ◽  
Life Model

The article presents the selection process of a static system and optimization for steel bridge span. The issue was addressed as an entry to a BRICO 2017 contests in designing steel bridges. The proposed solutions were checked in terms of their bearing capacity, technological assembly and economics. General guidelines for geometry selection were described. The designed construction was produced and tested under load to determine the deflection in both vertical and horizontal plane. Furthermore, the article details the joints and technological issues met during the design process. Theoretical calculations and actual measurements on a real life model were compared. The process of structural design of civil engineering structures is a complicated, time consuming multilayered issue. The key to a good design lies in a compromise between esthetics, functionality, capacity exhaustion and technical possibilities.

scholarly journals Learning based on the project entitled "Design and construction of a wooden bridge"

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Cristina Barris ◽  
Lluís Torres ◽  
Enric Simon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Course Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Engineering Degree ◽  
The University ◽  
Design And Construction

This article presents the results of a case involving the application of project-based learning carried out with students in the Mechanical Engineering degree program at the University of Girona. The project, entitled “Design and construction of a wooden bridge”, was conducted at the Polytechnic School in the third-year Structures course. This project required students to address, consider and solve different problems related to the resistance of materials, structural calculations, material optimization and structural design. The project also included the building of the bridge based on the calculations made, thus enabling the students to verify the suitability of the theoretical calculations as compared to real results. Finally, a competition was held to reward those teams who obtained the best ratio between the failure load and the weight of the bridge. The main conclusion observed from the implementation of only two editions of this project is the acquisition of the different proposed competences (both specific and cross-curricular) by the students. Finally, it was interesting to note that after completing the activity, the students were observed to be more motivated by the course content.

scholarly journals Use of Time- and Frequency-Domain Approaches for Damage Detection in Civil Engineering Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Nguyen ◽  
J. Mahowald ◽  
S. Maas ◽  
J.-C. Golinval
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Hankel Matrix ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Civil Engineering Structures

The aim of this paper is to apply both time- and frequency-domain-based approaches on real-life civil engineering structures and to assess their capability for damage detection. The methodology is based on Principal Component Analysis of the Hankel matrix built from output-only measurements and of Frequency Response Functions. Damage detection is performed using the concept of subspace angles between a current (possibly damaged state) and a reference (undamaged) state. The first structure is the Champangshiehl Bridge located in Luxembourg. Several damage levels were intentionally created by cutting a growing number of prestressed tendons and vibration data were acquired by the University of Luxembourg for each damaged state. The second example consists in reinforced and prestressed concrete panels. Successive damages were introduced in the panels by loading heavy weights and by cutting steel wires. The illustrations show different consequences in damage identification by the considered techniques.

scholarly journals Rapid Antibody Selection Using Surface Plasmon Resonance for High-Speed and Sensitive Hazelnut Lateral Flow Prototypes

Biosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Ross ◽  
Maria Bremer ◽  
Jan Wichers ◽  
Aart van Amerongen ◽  
Michel Nielen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Label Free

Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIAs) allow for rapid, low-cost, screening of many biomolecules such as food allergens. Despite being classified as rapid tests, many LFIAs take 10–20 min to complete. For a really high-speed LFIA, it is necessary to assess antibody association kinetics. By using a label-free optical technique such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), it is possible to screen crude monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparations for their association rates against a target. Herein, we describe an SPR-based method for screening and selecting crude anti-hazelnut antibodies based on their relative association rates, cross reactivity and sandwich pairing capabilities, for subsequent application in a rapid ligand binding assay. Thanks to the SPR selection process, only the fast mAb (F-50-6B12) and the slow (S-50-5H9) mAb needed purification for labelling with carbon nanoparticles to exploit high-speed LFIA prototypes. The kinetics observed in SPR were reflected in LFIA, with the test line appearing within 30 s, almost two times faster when F-50-6B12 was used, compared with S-50-5H9. Additionally, the LFIAs have demonstrated their future applicability to real life samples by detecting hazelnut in the sub-ppm range in a cookie matrix. Finally, these LFIAs not only provide a qualitative result when read visually, but also generate semi-quantitative data when exploiting freely downloadable smartphone apps.

scholarly journals “Regulatory Sandboxes” in Russia: New Horizons and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Damir R. Salikhov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Special Mechanism ◽  
Life Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Universal Mechanism

“Regulatory sandboxes” are regarded as a special mechanism for setting up experimental regulation in the area of digital innovation (especially in financial technologies), creating a special regime for a limited number of participants and for a limited time.Russiahas its own method of experimental regulation, which is not typical but may be helpful for other jurisdictions. There are three approaches to legal experiments (including digital innovations) inRussia. The first approach is accepting special regulation on different issues. There are recent examples of special laws (e.g. Federal Law on the experiment with artificial intelligence technologies inMoscow). An alternative to this option is establishing experimental regulation by an act of the Government if legislation does not prohibit it (e.g. labeling with means of identification). The second approach deals only with Fintech innovations and provides a special mechanism to pilot models of innovative financial technologies. The participants of such a “sandbox” may create a close-to-life model in order to estimate the effects and risks. If the model works fine, the regulation may be amended. The third approach works with creating a universal mechanism of real-life experiments in the sphere of digital innovations based on the special Federal Law and the specific decision of the Government of theRussian Federationor the Bank of Russia in the financial sphere. The author compares the three approaches and their implementation within the framework of Russian legislation and practice and concludes that this experience may be used by developing countries with inflexible regulation, in order to facilitate the development of digital innovations.

An Application of the Integrated IBA-TOPSIS Model in Supplier Selection

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenija Mandić ◽  
Boris Delibašić ◽  
Dragan Radojević
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Hidden Knowledge ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making

The supplier selection process attracted a lot of attention in the business management literature. This process takes into consideration several quantitative and qualitative variables and is usually modeled as a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problem. A recognized shortcoming in the literature of classical MADM methods is that they don't permit the identification of interdependencies among attributes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a model for selecting suppliers of telecommunications equipment that includes the interaction between attributes. This interaction can model the hidden knowledge needed for efficient decision-making. To model interdependencies among attributes the authors use a recently proposed consistent fuzzy logic, i.e. interpolative Boolean algebra (IBA). For alternatives ranking they use the classical MADM method TOPSIS. The proposed model was evaluated on a real-life application. The conclusion is that decision makers were able to integrate their reasoning into the MADM model using interpolative Boolean algebra.

Empirical investigation of mutation rate for herbicide resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico A. Casale ◽  
Darci A. Giacomini ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Mutants

AbstractIn a predictable natural selection process, herbicides select for adaptive alleles that allow weed populations to survive. These resistance alleles may be available immediately from the standing genetic variation within the population or may arise from immigration via pollen or seeds from other populations. Moreover, because all populations are constantly generating new mutant genotypes by de novo mutations, resistant mutants may arise spontaneously in any herbicide-sensitive weed population. Recognizing that the relative contribution of each of these three sources of resistance alleles influences what strategies should be applied to counteract herbicide-resistance evolution, we aimed to add experimental information to the resistance evolutionary framework. Specifically, the objectives of this experiment were to determine the de novo mutation rate conferring herbicide resistance in a natural plant population and to test the hypothesis that the mutation rate increases when plants are stressed by sublethal herbicide exposure. We used grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) and resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides as a model system to discover spontaneous herbicide-resistant mutants. After screening 70.8 million plants, however, we detected no spontaneous resistant genotypes, indicating the probability of finding a spontaneous ALS-resistant mutant in a given sensitive population is lower than 1.4 × 10−8. This empirically determined upper limit is lower than expected from theoretical calculations based on previous studies. We found no evidence that herbicide stress increased the mutation rate, but were not able to robustly test this hypothesis. The results found in this study indicate that de novo mutations conferring herbicide resistance might occur at lower frequencies than previously expected.

scholarly journals A liquid spring–magnetorheological damper system under combined axial and shear loading for three-dimensional seismic isolation of structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 3517-3532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevki Cesmeci ◽  
Faramarz Gordaninejad ◽  
Keri L Ryan ◽  
Walaa Eltahawy
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Magnetorheological Damper ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Fail Safe

This study focuses on experimental investigation of a fail-safe, bi-linear, liquid spring magnetorheological damper system for a three-dimensional earthquake isolation system. The device combines the controllable magnetorheological damping, fail-safe viscous damping, and liquid spring features in a single unit serving as the vertical component of a building isolation system. The bi-linear liquid spring feature provides two different stiffnesses in compression and rebound modes. The higher stiffness in the rebound mode prevents a possible overturning of the structure during rocking mode. For practical application, the device is to be stacked together along with the traditional elastomeric bearings that are currently used to absorb the horizontal ground excitations. An experimental setup is designed to reflect the real-life loading conditions. The 1/4th-scale device is exposed to combined dynamic axial loading (reflecting vertical seismic excitation) and constant shear force that are up to 245 and 28 kN, respectively. The results demonstrate that the device performs successfully under the combined axial and shear loadings and compare well with the theoretical calculations.

Dependence of Tensile Strength on Geometrical Interface Conditions of Bonded Dissimilar Materials

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Tateno ◽  
Eiichiro Yokoi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Interface Conditions ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Fine Ceramic ◽  
Bonded Interface ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Structural Parts

Many engineering structures applied for generating energy are said to have been requiring high strength under high temperature conditions. Fine ceramic is expected to be useful in structural applications in various industries by joining to metals. Ceramic can be used in structural parts for engineering where resistance to high temperature and/or high strength are required from the viewpoint of the optimum structural design. Use of ceramic for engineering structures by joining to metal generates a bonded interface between the ceramic and metal.

Psychometric sifting to efficiently select the right service employees

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E.G. Bateson ◽  
Jochen Wirtz ◽  
Eugene Burke ◽  
Carly Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
The Right

Purpose – Service employees in subordinate service roles are crucial for operational efficiency and service quality. However, the stressful nature of these roles, inappropriate hire selection, and the proliferation of job boards have created massive recruitment problems for HR departments. The purpose of this paper is to highlights the growing costs of recruiting the right candidates for service roles while offering an alternative approach to recruitment that is more efficient and effective than the traditional approach. Design/methodology/approach – The study offers empirical evidence of five instances in which the use of psychometric sifting procedures reduced recruitment costs, while improving the quality of the resultant hires. Findings – By standing the traditional recruitment process “on its head” and using psychometric tests at the start of the selection process, the recruitment process can be significantly improved. Such tests efficiently weed out unsuitable candidates before they even enter the recruitment process, leaving a smaller, better-qualified pool for possible recruitment. Practical implications – Firms can safely use the psychometric sifts to select applicants according to their operational efficiency, customer orientation, and overall performance. This paper illustrates the use of both traditional questionnaire measures and situational judgment tests to remove unsuitable applicants at the start of the selection process. A real-life case study suggests that such an approach increases the hiring success rate from 6:1 to 2:1. In the opening of a new supermarket by a UK group, this process saved 73,000 hours of managers’ time, representing $1.8 million savings in opening costs. Originality/value – The paper offers a viable cost-saving alternative to a growing problem for HR departments in service firms and provides directions for further research.

CROSSINGS FOR ANIMALS – AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF WILD FAUNA CONSERVATION GYVŪNŲ PERĖJOS – EFEKTYVUS FAUNOS APSAUGOS METODAS / ПЕРЕХОД ДЛЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ – ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ МЕТОД ОХРАНЫ ФАУНЫ

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Beben
Keyword(s):  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Road Systems ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Corrugated Plates

The paper characterizes the problem of preservation of wildlife animals in connection with extension of transportation road systems. The constantly evolving transportation infrastructure in Europe, especially in its Midwestern part, on one hand connects, making it easier for people to travel and ship goods, but on the other hand it irreversibly divides and leaves a painful impress on virgin natural areas (fragmentation of the environment). The paper briefly presents the European Ecological Network Nature 2000 as the European Union program concerning the environmental protection. It enumerates possible types of animal crossings together with their characteristics. Some examples of underpasses, overpasses and crossings on the road surface are also presented. It also presents specificity and phases of designing engineering structures of this type, as well as the most common design errors and their influence over the use of such structures by animals. Finally the soil-steel bridge structures made from corrugated plates are characterized in their function as crossings for animals. The conclusion mentions complexity of the problem of animal crossing construction, which can be of use to designers and constructors of this type of engineering structures. Santrauka Straipsnyje apžvelgtos laukinės gyvūnijos išsaugojimo problemos, susijusios su besiplečiančiu transporto tinklu. Nuolat besivystanti transporto infrastruktūra Europoje, ypač Vidurio vakaruose, viena vertus, jungia ir palengvina žmonių mobilumą,sukuria jungtį su uostais, tačiau, kita vertus, daro didelę žalą natūraliai aplinkai (aplinkos fragmentacija). Straipsnyje trumpai pristatoma Europos ekologinio tinklo ,,Natura 2000“ ES programa, skirta aplinkos apsaugai. Išvardyti galimi gyvūnų perėjų tipai su jiems būdingomis charakteristikomis. Pateikiami požeminių, virš kelio ir perėjų per patį kelią pavyzdžiai. Straipsnyje taip pat apžvelgiama inžinerinių struktūrų projektavimo specifika ir fazės, aptariamos dažniausiai pasitaikančios projektavimo klaidos ir jų įtaka gyvūnams. Galiausiai apibūdinamas dirvos ir plieninių tiltų struktūros, pagamintos iš gofruotų plokštelių, naudojimas gyvūnų perėjoms. Išvadose aptariamas gyvūnų perėjų konstrukcijų problemų kompleksiškumas, į kurį turėtų atkreipti dėmesį gyvūnų perėjas konstruojantys inžinieriai ir dizaineriai. Резюме Анализируются проблемы охраны диких животных в связи с расширяющейся транспортной сетью. Постоянно развивающаяся транспортная инфраструктура в Европе, особенно на западе центральной части Европы, с одной стороны, объединяет людей, облегчает их мобильность, открывает доступ к портам, с другой – наносит непоправимый вред натуральной природе. В статье вкратце представлена программа Европейской экологической сети – Natura 2000, касающаяся охраны окружающей среды. Перечислены возможные типы переходов для животных с их типичными характеристиками. Представлены примеры подземных переходов, переходов над дорогой и по самой дороге. Проанализирована специфика и фазы проектирования инженерных структур, а также часто совершаемых ошибок при проектировании и их влияние на животных. Охарактеризовано применение для переходов животных почвенностальных структур мостов из гофрированных пластин. Проанализирована комплексность проблем, касающихся конструкций для переходов животных, на которые следует обратить внимание инженерам и дизайнерам при констру ировании переходов для животных.

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