scholarly journals Porosity of products from electroerosive cobalt-chromum powders, obtained by additive technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Ageev ◽  
Alexandr Altukhov ◽  
Alexandr Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Cobalt Chrome

The wide use of the EED method for processing metal waste into powders for the purpose of their reuse and application in additive technologies is hampered by the lack in the scientific and technical literature of full-fledged information on the effect of the initial composition, regimes and media on the properties of powders and technologies of practical application. Therefore, in order to develop technologies for the reuse of electroerosive powders and to evaluate the effectiveness of their use, complex theoretical and experimental studies are required. The purpose of this work is the study of the porosity of additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders. For the implementation of the planned studies, wastes of the cobalt-chrome alloy of the brand KHMS “CELLIT” were chosen. As a working fluid, butanol (butanol-1) was used. For the production of cobalt-chrome powders, a unit for EED of conductive materials was used. Dispersion parameters: voltage 100 V, capacity 48 μF, repetition rate 120 Hz. Therefore, two or more pores because of the absence on the thin section of the visible boundary of their division can be fixed as one large. In addition, the method gives the distribution of pores in one plane of the sample, where narrow and wide sections of the sample fall, while in the hydrostatic weighing method and mercury porosimetry the pore sizes are fixed at their narrowest cross section. A consequence of these factors is the displacement of the function and distribution in the region of large pores. The porosity was determined using an Olympus GX51 optical inverted microscope with software for quantitative image analysis. Prepared samples had no traces of grinding, polishing or dying of structural components. Based on the results of conducted studies of the porosity of additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders, it has been experimentally established that the porosity does not exceed 1,06%.

scholarly journals Element composition of additive products from electroerozive cobalt-chromum powders

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Ageev ◽  
Alexandr Altukhov ◽  
Alexandr Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Cobalt Chrome

The wide use of the EED method for processing metal waste into powders for the purpose of their reuse and application in additive technologies is hampered by the lack in the scientific and technical literature of full-fledged information on the effect of the initial composition, regimes and media on the properties of powders and technologies of practical application. Therefore, in order to develop technologies for the reuse of electroerosive powders and to evaluate the effectiveness of their use, complex theoretical and experimental studies are required. The aim of the work was to conduct X-ray spectral microanalysis of additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders. For the implementation of the planned studies, wastes of the cobaltochrome alloy of the brand KHMS “CELLIT” were chosen. As a working fluid, butyl alcohol (butanol-1) was used. For the production of cobalt-chrome powders, a unit for EED of conductive materials was used. Dispersion parameters: voltage 100 V, capacity 48 μF, repetition rate 120 Hz. The microstructure of the samples (on the surface) was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the samples was ground and polished. With the help of an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer from EDAX, built into the scanning electron microscope QUANTA 200 3D, spectra of characteristic X-ray radiation were obtained at various points on the surface of the sample and along the cross-section. Based on the results of X-ray spectral analysis of additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders, it has been established experimentally that the main elements in them are Co, Mo, and Cr.

The Phase Composition of Products from Electro-Erosive Cobalto-Chrome Powders, Obtained by Additive Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 611-616
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Ageev ◽  
A.Y. Altukhov ◽  
M. S. Korolyov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Cobalt Chrome

The main requirement for powders for additive 3d technologies is the spherical shape of the particles. Such particles are most compactly packed into a certain volume and ensure the "fluidity" of the powder composition in the supply systems of the material with minimal resistance. The wide use of the EED method for processing metal waste into powders for the purpose of their reuse and application in additive technologies is hampered by the lack in the scientific and technical literature of full-fledged information on the effect of the initial composition, regimes and media on the properties of powders and technologies of practical application. Therefore, in order to develop technologies for the reuse of electroerosive powders and to evaluate the effectiveness of their use, complex theoretical and experimental studies are required. The aim of the work was to conduct a phase analysis of additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders. The phase composition of the samples was studied by X-ray diffraction on a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer in Cu-Kα radiation (wavelength λ = 0.154178 nm) using Soller slits. Based on the results of the X-ray diffraction analysis of additive articles from electroerosion cobalt-chrome powders, it has been experimentally established that the main phases in the sintered samples are Co, Cr and Co3C.

Obtaining and Research of Additive Products from Electro-Erosive Cobalt-Chrome Powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Ageev ◽  
O.G. Loktionova ◽  
A.Y. Altukhov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Specific Particle ◽  
Cobalt Chrome

The main requirement for powders for additive machines is the spherical shape of the particles. Such particles most compactly fit into a certain volume and provide the “fluidity” of the powder composition in the material supply systems with minimal resistance. Based on the peculiarities of the methods of obtaining spherical powders in order to obtain spherical granules of a regulated grain size, the technology of electroerosive dispersion, which is distinguished by relatively low energy costs and ecological cleanliness of the process, is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed technology is the use of waste as raw materials, which is much cheaper than the pure components used in traditional technologies. In addition, this technology is powder, which allows to obtain powder-alloys. The widespread use of the method of EED for the processing of metal waste into powders for the purpose of their reuse and application in additive technologies is hampered by the lack of complete information in the scientific and technical literature on the influence of the original composition, modes and media on the properties of powders and technologies of practical application. Therefore, the development of technologies for the reuse of EED powders and the evaluation of the effectiveness of their use requires the conduct of comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies. The purpose of this work was to obtain and study additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chromium powders of a specific particle size distribution and to study their microstructure. The granulometry of the obtained powders was determined on a laser analyzer of particle sizes “Analysette 22 NanoTec”. The microstructure of additive samples from cobalt-chromium powders (by transverse polishing) was investigated by optical microscopy on an inverted optical microscope OLYMPUS GX51. On the basis of completed studies, aimed at obtaining and studying additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders of a specific particle size distribution, and studying their microstructure, it was found that additive samples, obtained from a cobalt-chrome powder with an average particle size of 35,68 microns, have practically no pores.

Error determination of hidden flows by hydrostatic weighing in parts obtained by casting

2020 ◽  
pp. 339-342
Author(s):  
M.S. Razumov ◽  
P.V. Glazkov ◽  
V.S. Kochergin ◽  
A.S. Byshkin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Casting Defects ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Error Determination ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing Method

The existing methods for detecting of casting defects and their disadvantages are considered. Hydrostatic weighing method is proposed for detecting of hidden fl aws by comparing the reference and calculated densities of the casting, method for calculating of the error is recommended. The adequacy of theoretical calculations is verifi ed experimentally

TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON DENSITY AND VISCOSITY OF LIGHT, MEDIUM, AND HEAVY CRUDE OILS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sagdeev ◽  
◽  
Ch. Isyanov ◽  
I Gabitov ◽  
V Khairutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Light Medium ◽  
Measured Density

The density and dynamic viscosity of four light, medium, and heavy (extra-viscous) crude oil samples from Tatarstan Oil Field (Russian Federation) have been measured over the temperature range from (293 to 473) K (for density) and from (293 to 348) K (for viscosity) at atmospheric pressure (101 kPa). The density measurements were made using a new densimeter based on hydrostatic weighing method. The viscosity measurements of the same crude oil samples were made us-ing Brookfield rotational viscometer (DV-II+PRO, LVD-II+PRO). The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, viscosity, atmospheric pressure, and temperature measurements at 0.95 confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.16 %, 1.0 %, 1.0 %, and 20 mK, respectively. For validation of the reliability and accuracy of the measured density data and correct operation of the new densimeter, all oil samples were measured using the pycnometric method. The present study showed that the densities measured using the new hydrostatic weighing densimeter (HWD) are agree with the values obtained with pycnometric method within (0.03 to 0.14) %. The measured density and viscosity data were used to develop widerange correlations as a function of temperature and API characteristics. The measured densities were represented using simple function of temperature (polynomial type) with API gravity dependent parameters with an accuracy of AAD within from (0.10 to 0.18) %. The measured viscosity data were also used to develop linear Arrhenius and VTF models. API gravity dependence of the Arrhenius parameters was studied.

scholarly journals Methods for controlling the elastic damping characteristics of pneumatic seat suspensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
M.V. Lyashenko ◽  
◽  
V.V. Shekhovtsov ◽  
P.V. Potapov ◽  
A.I. Iskaliyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Seat Suspension ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Air Suspension ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vehicle Seat

The pneumatic seat suspension is one of the most important, and in some situations, one of the key components of the vibration protection system for the human operator of the vehicle. At the present stage of scientific and technical activities of most developers, great emphasis is placed on controlled seat suspension systems, as the most promising systems. This article analyzes the methods of controlling the elastic damping characteristics of the air suspension of a vehicle seat. Ten dif-ferent and fairly well-known methods of changing the shape and parameters of elastic damping characteristics due to electro-pneumatic valves, throttles, motors, additional cavities, auxiliary mechanisms and other actuators were considered, the advantages, application limits and disad-vantages of each method were analyzed. Based on the results of the performed analytical procedure, as well as the recommendations known in the scientific and technical literature on improving the vibration-protective properties of suspension systems, the authors proposed and developed a new method for controlling the elastic-damping characteristic, which is implemented in the proposed technical solution for the air suspension of a vehicle seat. The method differs in the thing that it im-plements a cyclic controlled exchange of the working fluid between the cavities of the pneumatic elastic element and the additional volume of the receiver on the compression and rebound strokes, forming an almost symmetric elastic damping characteristic, and partial recuperation of vibrational energy by a pneumatic drive, presented in the form of a rotary type pneumatic motor. In addition, the method does not require an unregulated hydraulic shock absorber, while still having the ad-vantage of improved vibration-proof properties of the air suspension of a vehicle seat over a wide range of operating influences.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Turbogenerator Based on the Vortex Expansion Machine with a Peripheral Side Channel

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. F11-F18
Author(s):  
S.M. Vaneev ◽  
V.S. Martsynkovskyy ◽  
A. Kulikov ◽  
D.V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Ya.І. Bilyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Lateral Channel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flow Part ◽  
Special Stand ◽  
Constant Improvement

The creation of energy-saving turbogenerators is an essential component of the development of small energy systems. The gradual growth of interest in distributed electricity generation necessitates the constant improvement of these units. Moreover, they implement a more environmentally friendly generation method than when using microturbine units that use fuel to carry out the work process. Nowadays, turbogenerators are created based on different types of expansion machines, which have their advantages and disadvantages, given in this article. Compared to competitors, vortex expansion machines have good prospects and the necessary potential to expand their research and produce turbogenerators. An experimental vortex expansion machine with a peripheral-lateral channel and ability to change the geometric parameters of its flowing part was created to meet these needs. Experimental studies of the machine were performed on a special stand with air as a working fluid. As a result of the tests, the data were successfully obtained and processed. They are presented in the form of tables and graphical dependencies. The nature of the influence of thermodynamic parameters and geometric parameters of the flow part on the efficiency of the vortex expansion machine and turbogenerator based on it to further improve and create new turbogenerators is clarified.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Temperature Difference at the Inlet and Outlet of a Pump as a Function of Time and Pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 07013
Author(s):  
M. N. Kostomakhin ◽  
I. M. Makarkin ◽  
N. A. Petrischev
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Difference Curve ◽  
Gear Pumps

In the article, the characteristics of the function of temperature difference of a working fluid at the inlet and outlet of gear pumps with different efficiency and at different pressures are theoretically and experimentally investigated. A method is proposed for determining the efficiency of pumps during its operation at variable pressure, based on the hypothesis that the performed useful work of the pump is characterized by the area under the pressure curve, and the lost energy is the area under the temperature difference curve.

scholarly journals ПОЛІМЕР-ПОЛІМЕРНИЙ КОМПОЗИТ НА ОСНОВІ ВІДХОДІВ ЗШИТОГО ЕТИЛЕНВІНІЛАЦЕТАТУ

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Б. П. Савчук ◽  
Б. М. Савченко ◽  
Н. В. Сова ◽  
І. М. Костюк
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing Method

Development of technology for the processing of cross liked EVA waste, followed by the use of polymer / polymer composite PVC / EVA as a filler. Method. The determination of the MFI was carried out in accordance with ISO 1133: 1997 on a capillary viscometer of constant pressure at a temperature of (190 ± 0,5) ° С and a weight of 2,16 kg. The thermostability  and  melting  point  are  determined  using  the  RM-200C  Hapro  rheometer  plastograph.  The mechanical properties were determined on a bursting machine according to the ASTM D638. Hardness - using  a  hard-gauge  with  a  Shore-D  scale,  the  density  by  hydrostatic  weighing  method  on  the  analytical scales RADWAG AS-X2.

Methods for calculating thermal processes under conditions of natural convection of gaseous methane under the influence of electrostatic fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Altunin ◽  
K.V. Altunin ◽  
M.R. Abdullin ◽  
M.R. Chigarev ◽  
I.N. Aliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Electric Wind ◽  
Electrostatic Fields ◽  
General Method

Relying on the review and analysis of scientific and technical literature, as well as the results of experimental studies, we developed new methods for calculating thermal processes occurring in gaseous methane during its natural convection, under the influence of electrostatic fields. In this study we show methods for calculating and determining the coefficients of heat transfer to gaseous methane under the influence of electric wind, as well as methods for calculating and determining the effect of electrostatic fields on the negative process of sedimentation on a heated experimental working plate in the volume of gaseous methane. A general method has been developed for the effective and safe application of electrostatic fields in gaseous methane, which must be carried out in the calculations, design, creation, and operation of new engines, power plants, and techno systems for single and reusable ground, air, aerospace and space-based aircraft.

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