scholarly journals Inhalation exposure to particulate matter in a work environment of firefighters

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00039
Author(s):  
Joanna Rakowska ◽  
Karolina Kuskowska ◽  
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Multiple Path ◽  
Particle Dosimetry

The paper presents the results of research into the concentration of respirable and total particulate matter (PM) in a work environment of firefighters. Measurements were carried out from September 2017 to October 2017 during official capacity of firefighters, i.e. during firefighting, liquidation of other local hazards. The PM concentration was examined by the gravimetric method. For this purpose, two GilAir 3 aspirators and glass fibre filters were used. During the whole duty, the samplers were placed in the pockets of the uniform, while the measuring heads were harnessed to the collar of the uniform. The deposited mass of PM in the different regions of the respiratory tract was calculated using the Eulerian Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry model. Especially high PM concentrations were noted during firefighting, The PM deposits in the head, the trachea and bronchiolar and pulmonary alveolar regions were different depending on the action the firemen had to deal with.

Evaluations of Cigarettes Made with Mold-Damaged and Nondamaged Flue-cured Tobacco

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Welty ◽  
D. G. Vickroy
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Cigarette Manufacturing ◽  
Aspergillus Repens

AbstractFIue-cured tobacco damaged by species of Aspergillus from commerciaI and experimental sources was shredded and made into cigarettes. Paired samples of nondamaged tobaccos served as controls. Subsamples of cigarettes were analysed for viable fungal propagules/g, 39 organic and inorganic compounds in the smoke and smoke condensates, and taste preference. PrincipaI fungi associated with leaves and shreds of mold-damaged tobacco were Aspergillus repens, A. ruber, and A. niger. Except for the originaI differences in the nicotine content and in the tar, there were no significant differences in total particulate matter nor in the amount of specific vapour phase components measured in the smoke from cigarettes made with mold-damaged and nondamaged tobaccos. Smoke panelists distinguished between cigarettes made with mold-damaged and nondamaged tobaccos and preferred cigarettes made with the latter. Viable fungus spores passed through the tobacco cylinder from lighted and nonlighted cigarettes. These data suggest the use of mold-damaged tobacco in cigarette manufacturing is to be avoided because of off-flavours and because the fungi isolated are common allergens to the respiratory tract of humans

PREDICTION OF AEROSOL PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FROM THE MEAS-URED VALUES OF PM2.5 AND PM10

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gilfanov ◽  
◽  
S. Zaripov ◽  
L. Fatkhutdinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Size Distribution Function ◽  
Particle Dosimetry ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Abstract. Introduction. Ambient air pollution with particulate matter from various sources sig-nificantly increases the risk of human health disorders. The concentrations of the total suspended particles (TSP), as well as the PM2.5 and PM10 fractions, are mainly monitored. In fact, the ac-tual size distribution of aerosol particles differs significantly from the stepwise distribution formed only by the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. Aim of the study: development of a method for reconstructing the size distribution function of aerosol particles from the actual concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 under the assumption of a lognormal size distribution for calculation of doses deposited in different lung regions. Methods. Long-term concentrations of various fractions of particles in the ambient air were ob-tained from the database of social and hygienic monitoring created by the "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan)". A reconstructed theoretical particle size distribution function f0(dp) was derived using the numerical solution, and the corresponding software was developed. The MPPD (Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry) software was used to calculate the particle deposited doses in different areas of the human respiratory tract. Results. The measured values of the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were used to derive the lognormal aerosol size distribution. Based on the calculation of the mass doses of settled particles in the human respiratory system using MPPD (Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry) code, it is shown that the calculation based only on the values of PM2.5 and PM10 leads to an underestimation of the mass fractions of particles in the lower respiratory tract and alveolar zone, the values of which are determinant for the estimation of the risk of lung disease. Conclusions. The proposed method for reconstructing the size distribution function of the con-centration of aerosol particles is important for a quantitatively reliable assessment of the risks of exposure to ambient air aerosols, making it possible to move from assessment of external expo-sures to the calculation of deposited fractions. The use of deposited fractions as an exposure pa-rameter increases the accuracy of health risk assessments associated with particulate matter ex-posure. This approach can be used both in the study of ambient aerosols and for the air of the working area.

The Control of Cigarette Smoke Deliveries Using Heat-Shrinkable Films

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Crellin ◽  
G. O. Brooks ◽  
H. G. Horsewell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Puff Volume ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
High Degree

AbstractA ventilating filter for cigarettes has been developed which reduces the delivery of smoke constituents from the final two to three puffs. Since the normaI delivery for these three puffs can account for up to half the total particulate matter and nicotine delivered by the whole cigarette, usefuI reductions per cigarette can be produced. The ventilating filter consists of cellulose acetate tow wrapped in heat-shrinkable film and attached to a tobacco rod using perforated tipping paper. When the cigarette is smoked, the perforations remain closed by contact with the impermeable film until transfer of heat to the filter is sufficient to soften the filter tow and shrink the film. Ventilating air now enters the cigarette and reduces the smoke deliveries. The effectiveness of the ventilating filter is increased by using films which have a low shrink temperature, high shrink tension and a high degree of biaxiaI shrinkage. Increases in filter plasticiser level, tipping perforation area and puff volume improve the effectiveness of the ventilating filter but increases in cigarette paper porosity and tobacco butt length reduce the effectiveness

scholarly journals Ischemic Heart Disease Incidence in Relation to Fine versus Total Particulate Matter Exposure in a U.S. Aluminum Industry Cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e0156613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas M. Neophytou ◽  
Elizabeth M. Noth ◽  
Sa Liu ◽  
Sadie Costello ◽  
S. Katharine Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

scholarly journals Particle Size Distribution of E-Cigarette Aerosols and the Relationship to Cambridge Filter Pad Collection Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Alderman ◽  
Chen Song ◽  
Serban C. Moldoveanu ◽  
Stephen K. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Measurement ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Total Particulate Matter

AbstractThe relatively volatile nature of the particulate matter fraction of e-cigarette aerosols presents an experimental challenge with regard to particle size distribution measure-ments. This is particularly true for instruments requiring a high degree of aerosol dilution. This was illustrated in a previous study, where average particle diameters in the 10-50 nm range were determined by a high-dilution, electrical mobility method. Total particulate matter (TPM) masses calculated based on those diameters were orders of magnitude smaller than gravimetrically determined TPM. This discrepancy was believed to result from almost complete particle evaporation at the dilution levels of the electrical mobility analysis. The same study described a spectral transmission measurement of e-cigarette particle size in an undiluted state, and reported particles from 210-380 nm count median diameter. Observed particle number concentrations were in the 10Described here is a study in which e-cigarette aerosols were collected on Cambridge filters with adsorbent traps placed downstream in an effort to capture any material passing through the filter. Amounts of glycerin, propylene glycol, nicotine, and water were quantified on the filter and downstream trap. Glycerin, propylene glycol, and nicotine were effciently captured (> 98%) by the upstream Cambridge filter, and a correlation was observed between filtration efficiency and the partial vapor pressure of each component. The present analysis was largely inconclusive with regard to filter efficiency and particle-vapor partitioning of water. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 183-190]

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF TRACE METALS DUE TO THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF DIESEL THROUGH THE AIR QUALITY MONITORING OF IMPACTED AREAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (12) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Josiane LOYOLA ◽  
Simone Lorena QUITERIO ◽  
Viviane ESCALEIRA ◽  
Graciela ARBILLA
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

The petroleum industry has difficulties to assess the trace metal content in liquid fuels. In this work, it is proposed to solve this problem determining these metals by collecting particulate matter atmospheric samples and analysing their metal content. Samples of total particulate matter and of inhalable particles (PM10) were collected in a bus station in the period August 2006-February 2007. The only significant emission source in that location are the buses, fueled by diesel, since light duty vehicles account for about 1-2% of the total vehicular flux and no other activities are developed in the area. Metal levels were determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy). Ca, Mg, Fe and Al were the most abundant compounds, and account for about 50.1%, 24.2%, 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively, of the metal contain. Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb were under their detection limits, except for a few samples. Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu were determined in higher ratios that those currently find in crustal materials indicating that these elements may have important combustion sources and are enriched in the soil.

scholarly journals A study on the development of a light scattering particulate matter sensor and monitoring system

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-890
Author(s):  
Jun-Hee Choi ◽  
Hyun-Sug Cho
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Linear Correction

The gravimetric method, which is mainly used among particulate matter (PM) measurement methods, includes the disadvantages that it cannot measure PM in real time and it requires expensive equipment. To overcome these disadvantages, we have developed a light scattering type PM sensor that can be manufactured at low cost and can measure PM in real time. We have built a big data system that can systematically store and analyze the data collected through the developed sensor, as well as an environment where PM states can be monitored mobile in real time using such data. In addition, additional studies were conducted to analyze and correct the collected big data to overcome the problem of low accuracy, which is a disadvantage of the light scattering type PM sensor. We used a linear correction method and proceeded to adopt the most suitable value based on error and accuracy.

scholarly journals Composition Studies on Tobacco: XLV. Use of Cigarette Additives to Alter the Composition and Reducing Properties of Cigarette Smoke

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakritz ◽  
E.D. Strange ◽  
D.G. Bailey ◽  
R.L. Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Composition Studies ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Reducing Capacity ◽  
Reducing Properties ◽  
Reducing Potential

AbstractThe reducing potential of fresh cigarette smoke can be modified by the use of certain oxidants and reductants. The influence of these additives on smoke may be monitored by employing a system which measures changes in EMF on a puff by puff basis. The addition of the oxidant 1,4-benzoquinone to tobacco eliminates the rapid reduction in potential which normally takes place when an untreated cigarette is smoked. The addition of the benzoquinone alters the composition of the smoke by increasing the levels of the total particulate matter and possibly the phenols, while decreasing the nicotine content without affecting the amount of benzo[a]pyrene formed. The addition of sodium thiosulfate to tobacco causes a significant increase in the reducing capacity of cigarette smoke. It also brings about increases in the smoke BAP, phenols and TPM. The level of nicotine in these cigarettes, however, is lowered.

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