Detection of debonding in adhesive joints using Lamb wave propagation

Adhesively bonded joints are widely used in many branches of industry. Mechanical degradation of this type of connections does not have significant symptoms that can be noticed during visual assessment, so non-destructive testing becomes a very important issue. The paper deals with experimental investigations of adhesively bonded steel plates with different defects. Five samples (an intact one and four with damages in the form of partial debonding) were prepared. The inspection was conducted with the use of guided wave propagation method. Lamb waves were excited at one point of the sample, whereas the out-of-plane velocity signals were recorded in a number of points spread over the area of overlap. The processing of signals consisted of calculations of weighted root mean square (WRMS). The results of the analysis showed that the WRMS maps allow for identification and determination of size and shape of debonding areas.

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Wave Frequency Effects on Damage Imaging in Adhesive Joints Using Lamb Waves and RMS

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12111842 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1842 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Erwin Wojtczak ◽

Magdalena Rucka

Keyword(s):

Damage Identification ◽

Lamb Waves ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Adhesive Joints ◽

Ultrasonic Waves ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Wave Frequency ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Wide Range

Structural adhesive joints have numerous applications in many fields of industry. The gradual deterioration of adhesive material over time causes a possibility of unexpected failure and the need for non-destructive testing of existing joints. The Lamb wave propagation method is one of the most promising techniques for the damage identification of such connections. The aim of this study was experimental and numerical research on the effects of the wave frequency on damage identification in a single-lap adhesive joint of steel plates. The ultrasonic waves were excited at one point of an analyzed specimen and then measured in a certain area of the joint. The recorded wave velocity signals were processed by the way of a root mean square (RMS) calculation, giving the actual position and geometry of defects. In addition to the visual assessment of damage maps, a statistical analysis was conducted. The influence of an excitation frequency value on the obtained visualizations was considered experimentally and numerically in the wide range for a single defect. Supplementary finite element method (FEM) calculations were performed for three additional damage variants. The results revealed some limitations of the proposed method. The main conclusion was that the effectiveness of measurements strongly depends on the chosen wave frequency value.

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Curvature effect on guided wave propagation in curved steel plates and hollow steel cylinders

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS ◽

10.12989/sem.2010.34.3.395 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 395-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ju-Won Lee ◽

Won-Bae Na ◽

Jeong-Tae Kim

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Guided Wave ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Curvature Effect ◽

Guided Wave Propagation ◽

Curved Steel

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Nondestructive Analysis of Debonds in a Composite Structure under Variable Temperature Conditions

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19163454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (16) ◽

pp. 3454 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shirsendu Sikdar ◽

Abhishek Kundu ◽

Michał Jurek ◽

Wiesław Ostachowicz

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Composite Structure ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Variable Temperature ◽

Guided Wave ◽

Monitoring Strategy ◽

Nondestructive Analysis ◽

Adhesively Bonded ◽

Temperature Conditions

This paper presents a nondestructive analysis of debonds in an adhesively-bonded carbon-fibre reinforced composite structure under variable temperature conditions. Towards this, ultrasonic guided wave propagation based experimental analysis and numerical simulations are carried out for a sample composite structure to investigate the wave propagation characteristics and detect debonds under variable operating temperature conditions. The analysis revealed that the presence of debonds in the structure significantly reduces the wave mode amplitudes, and this effect further increases with the increase in ambient temperature and debond size. Based on the debond induced differential amplitude phenomenon, an online monitoring strategy is proposed that directly uses the guided wave signals from the distributed piezoelectric sensor network to localize the hidden debonds in the structure. Debond index maps generated from the proposed monitoring strategy show the debond identification potential in the adhesively-bonded composite structure. The accuracy of the monitoring strategy is successfully verified with non-contact active infrared-thermography analysis results. The effectiveness of the proposed monitoring strategy is further investigated for the variable debond size and ambient temperature conditions. The study establishes the potential for using the proposed damage index constructed from the differential guided wave signal features as a basis for localization and characterization of debond damages in operational composite structures.

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THE NONLINEARITY OF GUIDED WAVE IN AN ELASTIC PLATE

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984908015966 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1135-1140 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

TAE-HUN LEE ◽

IK-HWANG CHOI ◽

KYUNG-YOUNG JHANG

Keyword(s):

Lamb Wave ◽

Lamb Waves ◽

Guided Wave ◽

Nonlinear Phenomena ◽

Bulk Wave ◽

Power Flux ◽

Basic Study ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Plane Displacement ◽

Velocity Matching

The ultrasonic nonlinearity has been considered as a promising method to evaluate the material degradation, since it is sensitive to the minute variation of material properties. However, most researches were restricted to the nonlinear phenomena of bulk (longitudinal) wave propagation in the bulky medium. In the case of plate, however, the propagating elastic wave is Lamb wave of which characteristics are completely different with the bulk wave, and thus the separate study for the nonlinearity of Lamb wave is required. This paper reports the result of our basic study on the nonlinear phenomena of Lamb waves, which proposes conditions for practical application as well as for the cumulative propagation of quadratic harmonic frequency mode; (1) phase matching, (2) non-zero power flux, (3) group velocity matching, and (4) non-zero out-of-plane displacement.

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Application Of Guided Wave Propagation In Diagnostics Of Steel Bridge Components

Archives of Civil Engineering ◽

10.2478/ace-2014-0033 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 493-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Rucka ◽

B. Zima ◽

R. Kędra

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Lamb Waves ◽

Guided Wave ◽

Steel Bridge ◽

Bolted Joint ◽

Engineering Structures ◽

Bolted Connection ◽

Guided Wave Propagation ◽

Non Destructive

AbstractEarly detection of potential defects and identification of their location are necessary to ensure safe, reliable and long-term use of engineering structures. Non-destructive diagnostic tests based on guided wave propagation are becoming more popular because of the possibility to inspect large areas during a single measurement with a small number of sensors. The aim of this study is the application of guided wave propagation in non-destructive diagnostics of steel bridges. The paper contains results of numerical analyses for a typical railway bridge. The ability of damage detection using guided Lamb waves was demonstrated on the example of a part of a plate girder as well as a bolted connection. In addition, laboratory tests were performed to investigate the practical application of wave propagation for a steel plate and a prestressed bolted joint.

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3D simulations and experiments of guided wave propagation in adhesively bonded multi-layered structures

NDT & E International ◽

10.1016/j.ndteint.2010.05.009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

D. Cerniglia ◽

A. Pantano ◽

N. Montinaro

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Layered Structures ◽

Guided Wave ◽

Adhesively Bonded ◽

3D Simulations ◽

Guided Wave Propagation

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Damage Detection Using Multiphysics Guided Wave Propagation

Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints ◽

10.1115/pvp2020-21599 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

J. Dana ◽

Y. H. Park ◽

C. Gonzales

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Damage Detection ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Lamb Waves ◽

Critical Role ◽

Guided Wave ◽

Transient Wave ◽

Pzt Actuator ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Structural Health

Abstract In order to improve the safety, reliability, and life of diverse structures, the development of effective methodologies for structural health monitoring is critical. Among damage detection techniques, guided ultrasonic Lamb waves are particularly suitable for damage detection applications for plate-like and shell-like structures, such as aircraft wing-box structures, heat exchanger tubing, stiffened panels, and nuclear steam generator tubing, due to their sensitivity to damage. Computational models can play a critical role to study wave propagation for monitoring structural health and develop a technique to detect structural damage. Due to complexity of guided wave behavior, efficient and accurate computation tools are essential to study the mechanisms that account for coupling, dispersion, and interaction with damage. In this study, a numerical technique is presented for guided waves propagation in metallic structure by employing co-simulation using ABAQUS Standard module and ABAQUS Explicit module simultaneously to simulate transient wave propagation from an PZT actuator into a metallic plate. The present co-simulation analysis couples multiphysics (piezoelectric) analysis with transient dynamics (wave propagation) analysis. A numerical test is conducted using a PZT actuator for exciting planar Lamb waves and a sensor for acquiring wave signals. The signals achieved from defected and pristine models by FEA are then compared to identify and detect damage in the structure.

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ANALYSIS OF GUIDED WAVE PROPAGATION BY VISUALIZING IN-PLANE AND OUT-OF-PLANE MODES

10.1063/1.3114335 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nor Salim Bin Muhammad ◽

Takahiro Hayashi ◽

Morimasa Murase ◽

Shoji Kamiya ◽

Donald O. Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Guided Wave ◽

Guided Wave Propagation ◽

Out Of Plane

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Stress Intensity Factor Assessment for the Reinforcement of Cracked Steel Plates Using Prestressed or Non-Prestressed Adhesively Bonded CFRP

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14071625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1625

Author(s):

Emilie Lepretre ◽

Sylvain Chataigner ◽

Lamine Dieng ◽

Laurent Gaillet

Keyword(s):

Stress Intensity Factor ◽

Finite Element ◽

Fatigue Life ◽

Stress Intensity ◽

Intensity Factor ◽

Crack Tip ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Adhesively Bonded ◽

Element Analysis

The use of adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials to reinforce cracked steel elements has gained widespread acceptance in order to extend the lifespan of metallic structures. This allows an important reduction of the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip and thus a significant increase of the fatigue life. This paper deals with the assessment of the SIF for repaired cracked steel plates, using semi-empirical analysis and finite element analysis. Metallic plates with only one crack originating from a center hole were investigated. Virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) was used to define and evaluate the stress intensity factor at crack tip. The obtained modeling results are compared with experimental investigations led by the authors for different reinforcement configurations including symmetrical and non-symmetrical reinforcement, normal modulus and ultra-high-modulus CFRP plates, and pre-stressed CFRP plates. Results show that finite element model (FEM) analysis can obviously simulate the fatigue performance of the CFRP bonded steel plates with different reinforcement configurations. Moreover, a parametric analysis of the influence of the pre-stressing level was also conducted. The results show that an increase of the pre-stressing level results in an increase of the fatigue life of the element.

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