scholarly journals Proximate composition, amino acid profile, carbohydrate and mineral content of seed meals from four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties grown in north-eastern Morocco

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. A202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Mansouri ◽  
Abdessamad Ben Moumen ◽  
Gaetan Richard ◽  
Marie-Laure Fauconnier ◽  
Marianne Sindic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Morocco

The purpose of this study is to complete our work on the characterization of four safflower varieties produced in the oriental region of Morocco by determining the composition of their meals. This characterization was carried out by analyzing proteins, amino acids, fibers, carbohydrates and mineral elements. The results show that the protein content varies in a range of 17.06–27.05%, fibers 63.45–69.97%, carbohydrates 12.40–17.07% and ash 3.11–3.60% on dry weight basis. The most abundant amino acid in the studied safflower meals is glutamic acid (3.19–3.89% of dry matter), while lysine and methionine are the least abundant. Cellulose and hemicellulose are the most representative fibers (28.16–31.35% and 21.04–21.68% of dry matter, respectively). The main carbohydrate is xylose, whose content varies between 10.56–14.31% of dry matter. The results also show that the studied safflower meals constitute a good source of potassium (6.32–9.51 g kg−1 of dry matter), phosphorus (2.35–4.60 g kg−1), magnesium (2.25–4.25 g kg−1) and calcium (1.53–1.72 g kg−1). Amongst the identified microelements, iron is the major element in all the analyzed samples (53–125 mg kg−1). Moreover, the majority of the studied analytical parameters were strongly influenced by the cultivar factor (p < 0.05). In view of these analyses and pasture shortage, especially during the dry seasons in Morocco, the meal obtained from oil extraction from safflower seeds can be upgraded by the formulation of new animal feed products in this region.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Microbiological Characterization of Prickly Pear Rejects

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 608-615
Author(s):  
Loubna EL HAJJI ◽  
Souad SALMAOUI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Oilseed Meal ◽  
Lactic Bacteria ◽  
By Products

The aim of this work is to study the biochemical and microbiological characterization of the prickly pear fruits abandoned in the fields after harvest in order to use it in the animal feed. This work reveal that the skin and pulp have a pH close to neutral (6.83 for the skin and 6.41 for the pulp), they are very rich in water (84.89% for the skin and 87.19% for the pulp), in sugars (31.19 % DM for the skin and 42.17 % DM for the pulp) and in mineral elements (13.7% DM for the skin and 4.46% DM for the pulp). They have average values in NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose and hemicellulose fibers which values are respectively for the skin 11.72% DM, 7.75% DM, 1.25% DM, 3.98% DM, 6.5% DM and for the pulp 8.50% DM, 5.67% DM, 1.45% DM, 2.84% DM, 4.22% DM. The crude protein content is 4.84% DM for the skin and 10.2% DM for the pulp respectively remains low in comparison with other food by-products such as oilseed meal. The fat content is very low (0.09% DM for the skin and 0.17% DM for the pulp). As for the seeds, the results showed a low content of water (14.6%), mineral elements (1.99% DM), sugars (8.18 % DM) and crude proteins (7.66% DM), high fat contents ( 8.91% DM) and NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose and hemicellulose fibers wish are respectively 78.18% DM, 62.99% DM, 42.94% DM, 15.19% DM, 20.05% DM. On the microbiological side, the results showed a significant load of microorganisms in this case molds and lactic bacteria which can be exploited in the recovery of these residues. The comparison between the three fractions of the cactus fruit showed that the seed is the richest in dry matter, fat and fiber, while the pulp is the richest in sugars, the skin when it is the richest in calcium.

scholarly journals Fatty and amino acid profile of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Igor Jajic ◽  
Aleksandra Popovic ◽  
Miroslav Urosevic ◽  
Sasa Krstovic ◽  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Scale Production

The yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an edible insect, distributed worldwide and a convenient candidate for industrial-scale production. Mealworms could be commercially used for the substitution of conventional protein sources. In our previous study, it was found that T. molitor larvae predominantly contained crude protein (55.83%) and crude fat (25.19%), as well as low content of nitrogen-free extract (based on dry weight). Mealworm specimens were maintained in an incubator under controlled conditions in plastic containers. Insects were sieved and put into the container with boiling water and cooked for 180 seconds. Moisture content was determined as weight loss after drying of larvae. Amino acids were determined on an Agilent Technologies 1260 series HPLC system. Fatty acid composition was determined on a Thermo Scientific TRACE 1300 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector using TR-FAME column. The results showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid is very high, i.e. oleic acid (C18:1) formed the major lipid component in 40.83%, which was followed by linoleic acid (C18:2, omega-6 fatty acid) with 29.80% and linolenic acid (C18:3) with 1.08%. The essential amino acids are highly represented in the samples (in % dry matter). This primarily refers to isoleucine (4.12), tyrosine (3.86), phenylalanine (3.06), leucine (2.96), lysine (2.67) and methionine (1.76). The differences in essential fatty and amino acid content between our results and discussed literature data, could be the consequence of different substrates used for rearing of insects. After everything stated above, the biological value of T. molitor larvae proves that it could be suitable as animal feed.

Characterization of Amino Acid Profile and Enzymatic Activity in Adult Rat Astrocyte Cultures

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1578-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Guerini Souza ◽  
Bruna Bellaver ◽  
Gisele Hansel ◽  
Bernardo Assein Arús ◽  
Gabriela Bellaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Astrocyte

Proximate Composition of the Apple Seed and Characterization of Its Oil

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuzhu Yu ◽  
Frederick R. van de Voort ◽  
Zhixi Li ◽  
Tianli Yue
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Apple Seed ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Apple Seeds

Apple seeds, a common byproduct of apple processing, have been examined for their overall proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid composition of the lipid and protein components, respectively, as well as their key mineral constituents. Proximate analysis indicated that apple seeds are rich in oil content and protein ranging from 27.5 to 28% and 33.8 to 34.5% respectively, comparing favorably with oilseeds. GC analysis indicated high levels of linoleic acid (~49%) with the other dominant fatty acids being oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, ranging from ~39, 7 and 2% respectively. Amino acid analysis indicates that there are substantial amounts of sulfur containing amino acids in the apple seed. The apple seeds also contain significant amounts of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron, in the order of 720, 650, 510, 210 and 110 mg/100g, respectively. Based on the proximate composition of the apple seeds, if adequate amounts are available as a process byproduct, apple seeds could have value-added potential as a source of edible oil, with the oil cake potentially serving as an animal feed supplement.

scholarly journals Agronomic characterization of sweet potato accessions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Forlan Vargas ◽  
Dumon Ramiro Zanetti Godoy ◽  
Luis Carlos Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Renata Castoldi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Action Strategies ◽  
Animal Consumption

The agronomic characterization of a genotype set is one of the basic steps to start a breeding program, as action strategies to search for new cultivars are defined through the knowledge of these characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to rescue and assess agronomic performance in accessions collected in traditional communities. Sweet potatoes were collected among “quilombos”, indigenous villages, native populations and small farmers from Vale do Ribeira. The study was conducted at UNESP, Registro Campus, from February/2013 to August/2014. The experiment was set in a randomized blocks design with 95 accessions, two commercial cultivars, Brazlândia Branca and Brazlândia Roxa (controls), with three repetitions. Total commercial roots production, percentage of commercial roots production, total roots dry matter production, roots dry matter percentage, fresh branches production, total dry matter production in branches and dry matter percentage in branches were assessed. Accessions VR13-62, VR13-61, VR13-44, VR13-11 and VR13-14 demonstrated characteristics of roots for consumption and VR13-11 and VR13-14 for industry consumption due to the high dry matter percentage obtained per hectare; VR13-35, VR13-87 and VR13-22 are adequate for animal feed purposes. VR13-11, VR13-22 and VR13-58 accessions can be used for human and animal consumption; VR13-48 was suitable for home and industry consumption; and VR13-4 and VR13-31 was suitable for animal feed and industry consumption.

scholarly journals Nutrient Composition of Dried Seaweed Gracilaria gracilis

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Rasyid ◽  
Ardi Ardiansyah ◽  
Ratih Pangestuti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gracilaria Gracilis ◽  
South Sulawesi

The nutrient composition of dried red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis collected from Barru waters, South Sulawesi including proximate, dietary fiber, minerals, fatty acid and amino acid profile has been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the various nutritional parameters of G. gracilis for utilization in human nutrition. Results show that the content of moisture (19.045), protein (10.86%), ash (6.78%), fat (0.18%), carbohydrate (63.13%) and dietary fiber (27.48%) basis on the dry weight. The content of calcium (429.11 mg.100 g-1), sodium (290.89 mg.100 g-1), phosphor (57.01 mg.100 g-1), iron (15.20 mg.100 g-1) and potassium (1380.42 mg.100 g-1). Leucine was the major essential amino acid found to be 9374.22 mg.kg-1, while glutamic acid was the major non-essential amino acid found to be 10848.98 mg.kg-1. Palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid found to be 0.08%, while oleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid found to be 0.05%. The nutrient composition of G. gracilis was discussed in this study and suggested that the seaweed species have potentially be used as raw material or ingredient of a healthy food for human.

Amino acids in the octocoralVeretillum cynomorium: the effect of seasonality and differences from scleractinian hexacorals

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Baptista ◽  
Ana Luísa Maulvault ◽  
Katja Trübenbach ◽  
Luis Narciso ◽  
António Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

The majority of biochemical studies in corals has been focused on the lipidic composition and little attention has been given to the amino acid profile of these invertebrates. The objectives of this work were to investigate, for the first time, the temporal variations in the total amino acid (AA) composition of an octocoral, namely the sea penVeretillum cynomorium, and to evaluate possible interspecific differences in AA profile between this octocoral and hexacorals. The quantitatively most important AAs inV. cynomoriumcolonies were: glutamic acid, varying from 3.92 to 5.94% dry weight (dw) and representing around 14–15% of total AA content; aspartic acid (3.34–4.99% dw; 11–12%); and glycine (2.87–4.57% dw; 9–12%). On the other hand, the minor AAs were methionine (0.41–0.73% dw; 1–2%) and histidine (0.54–0.76% dw; 2%). Almost all AAs showed the same significant seasonal variations, with the highest values in February, second highest in October and the lowest in June. Some AAs, namely lysine, phenylalanine and methionine did not follow this trend and showed the major peak in October. Most of the AA variations seemed to be linked to changes in food availability and/or gametogenesis. Principal component analysis clearly separated the octocoral from the group of hexacorals, mainly due to the higher percentages of arginine, tyrosine and glycine inV. cynomorium, and valine, serine, histidine, isoleucine and alanine in hexacorallia species. We speculate that this differentiation possibly derived from physiological differences related to phylogeny, and was not affected by reproductive or environmental seasonality.

scholarly journals Changes in amino acid profile of alfalfa silage preserved by chemical and biological additives during fermentation

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Michálková ◽  
Daniel Bíro ◽  
Miroslav Juráček ◽  
Milan Šimko ◽  
Branislav Gálik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Biological Additive

Changes in amino acid profile of alfalfa silage preserved with chemical or biological additives were studied in fresh and wilted silage. The chemical additive was formic acid and the biological additive consisted of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. brevis, L. buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Second cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was harvested at the bloom stage, ensiled in mini silos (15 dm3) and fermented at 20–23 °C for 12 weeks. The dry matter of the fresh silage was 228 g . kg−1 and 281.6 g . kg−1 for the wilted before ensiling. The amino acid content was estimated by using an automatic amino acid analyzer AAA (INGOS Prague). The results of the experiments indicated that amino acid breakdown was inhibited by increased dry matter and the use of chemical and biological additive. Additionally, the content of amino acids was found to change in relation to the degree of wilting and formic acid treatment yielded the lowest amino acid breakdown. The amino acid breakdown was also reduced by biological preservative especially in the silage with a higher level of dry matter content.

Characterization of whole body compositional growth of male ducks during the twenty-nine day post-hatch period

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Schinckel ◽  
M. E. Einstein ◽  
K. M. Ajuwon ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Accretion Rates ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Hatch Period

Schinckel, A. P., Einstein, M. E., Ajuwon, K. M. and Adeola, O. 2013. Characterization of whole body compositional growth of male ducks during the twenty-nine day post-hatch period. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 113–122. Changes in whole body dry matter, lipid, ash, energy, crude protein, and amino acids were evaluated during a 29 d post-hatch period in White Pekin ducks. Drakes were assigned to slaughter 1, 8, 15, 22, or 29 d post-hatch with four replicates of four ducks per slaughter period. The body weight (BW) data were fitted to the Weibull function with the form:[Formula: see text]where BWit is the BW of the ith duck at t days of age and A, B, C, and IP are parameters. The value of IP, the inflection point, which minimized the residual SD, was 40 d. Values of A (8591 g, SE=190), B (42.87, SE=11.5), and C (1.7399, SE=0.050) resulted in an R 2 of 0.9836 and residual SD of 83.7 g. Allometric (Y=A BWB), linear-quadratic and exponential (Y=exp (b0+b1BW+b2 (BW)2) functions of BW were fitted to the chemical component and amino acid mass data. Dry matter percentage of the ducks increased (P<0.01) with age. The protein content of the dry matter decreased (P<0.01) from day 1 to day 8 (69 to 58.2%) and then increased to 60% by d 29. Concentrations of several amino acids were affected (P<0.05) by age. The predicted accretion rates of Lys, Trp, and Met relative to protein accretion increased as age increased. The predicted daily accretion rates for major indispensable amino acids increased rapidly the first 5 d post-hatch and subsequently increased but at a decreasing rate to day 29 post-hatch. The relative growth rates of chemical components and indispensable amino acids were affected by age indicating that the nutrient requirements of ducks differ from day 1 to day 29 post-hatch. Compositional growth and amino acid accretion data can be used to model the nutrient requirements of ducks.

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