Proximate Composition of the Apple Seed and Characterization of Its Oil

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuzhu Yu ◽  
Frederick R. van de Voort ◽  
Zhixi Li ◽  
Tianli Yue
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Apple Seed ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Apple Seeds

Apple seeds, a common byproduct of apple processing, have been examined for their overall proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid composition of the lipid and protein components, respectively, as well as their key mineral constituents. Proximate analysis indicated that apple seeds are rich in oil content and protein ranging from 27.5 to 28% and 33.8 to 34.5% respectively, comparing favorably with oilseeds. GC analysis indicated high levels of linoleic acid (~49%) with the other dominant fatty acids being oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, ranging from ~39, 7 and 2% respectively. Amino acid analysis indicates that there are substantial amounts of sulfur containing amino acids in the apple seed. The apple seeds also contain significant amounts of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron, in the order of 720, 650, 510, 210 and 110 mg/100g, respectively. Based on the proximate composition of the apple seeds, if adequate amounts are available as a process byproduct, apple seeds could have value-added potential as a source of edible oil, with the oil cake potentially serving as an animal feed supplement.

scholarly journals Chemical Components and Bioactive of Gorgonian Sea Plumes (Genus Rumphella and Hicksonella) from Raijua Islands-East Nusa Tenggara

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunialdi Happynes Teffu ◽  
Ruddy Suwandi ◽  
Nurjanah Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Protein Components

Sea plumes is mostly used by people as jewellery and arthritis drug. The aim of this research was to characterize the chemicals and the bioactive compounds of the sea plumes for pharmaceutical ingredients. Characterization of sea plumes was carried out schlerit form identification, proximate analysis, heavy metal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometer, radium content using gamma spectrometer, extraction by maceration method for 24 hour and phytochemicals quality testing based on color appearance. The sea plumes was identified as Rumphella and Hicksonella contains the highest protein components. Heavy metal Pb exceed the standar set to National Standar of Indonesia (SNI) and Medicines and Foods Security Agency. Akar bahar containing radium 0.65-0.79 Becquerel/kilogram, highest yield using methanol and containing secondary metabolite which targeted as bioactive compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols hydroquinone, steroids, triterpenoids and saponins. Keywords : Hicksonella, secondary metabolite, radium, Rumphella, sklerit

scholarly journals Proximate composition of Malaysian local sweet potatoes

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
N.A. Zulkifli ◽  
M.Z.M. Nor ◽  
F.N. Omar ◽  
A. Sulaiman ◽  
M.N. Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Parts

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is one of the main crops worldwide. However, systematic properties characterization of this crop is still required, particularly on the Malaysian local sweet potatoes. Hence, this study aims to determine the proximate composition and the energy value of five common varieties of local sweet potato (Anggun 1, Anggun 2, Anggun 3, White, and VitAto) in Malaysia. For each variety, three different parts of the tuberous root which were the skin, the cortex, and the mixture of cambium and parenchyma were characterized. The findings indicated that VitAto exhibited the highest starch (16.95% – 17.17%) and crude protein (0.86% – 1.15%) contents in all parts as compared to other varieties, hence reflecting its potentials to be further processed for a mass starch production. Among all the parts, the skin contained the highest crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fibre, which can be further utilized to produce by-products such as animal feed. The findings in this study serve as a baseline for the future starch and byproducts production from local sweet potatoes.

scholarly journals Changes in Nutrients, Energy, Antioxidant and Carotenoid Levels of Dried Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Pomage Treated with Aspergillus niger Solid-State Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708
Author(s):  
Kerim Demirgül ◽  
Ergin Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Tomato pomace (TP), utilized improperly is not namely causes a waste of valuable resources but also increases environmental pollution. In this study, possibilities improving nutrient composition by fermenting dry TP with Aspergillus niger was investigated for the value-added utilization of this pomace in animal feed. The TP, dried at 65°C for 8 hours with a simple layer and under a laminar airflow drying oven, was subjected to solid-state fermentation. After unfermented and fermented dry pomaces were milled in 2 mm sieve, proximate analysis and the analysis of cellulosic fractions were performed. Roughage quality indices were calculated using cellulosic fractions. Fermentation of TP with Aspergillus niger inoculant increased the amount of dry matter (82.98 vs 91.47%), crude fiber (21.71 vs 23.00%), neutral detergent fiber (29.70 vs 35.92%), acid detergent fiber (25.22 vs 26.84%), acid detergent lignin (7.91 vs 10.77%), hemicellulose (44.71 vs 90.78), crude protein (13.70 vs 21.37%), ether extract (2.82 vs 3.52%) and ash (10.57 vs 13.24%) compare to unfermented TP. Fermentation process decreased nitrogen-free extract (51.19 vs 38.86%), non-fiber carbohydrates (46.03 vs 29.47%) and quality index as relative feed value (216.9 vs 176.1) and relative forage quality (242.5 vs 195.5) and metabolizable energy (2.66 vs 2.60). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH free radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil) and total phenolic content of TP did not increase by fermentation. Concentration of β-carotene and lycopene of TP decreased after fermentation with A niger. The results indicate that the selected strains of A. niger can be used to enrich the chemical composition of TP, except for cellulosic fractions and also carotenoids and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Various Amino Acid Derived Thiohydantoins

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Petar Stanić ◽  
Marija Živković ◽  
Biljana Šmit
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Hydantoins and their sulfur containing analogues, thiohydantoins, are cyclic ureides that have attracted huge attention ever since their discovery. Most of them are biologically active compounds and several points of structural diversity have made them very synthetically attractive. Although substituents can be introduced to the hydantoin nucleus, most substituted hydantoins are synthesized from substrates already containing these groups, while forming the hydantoin nucleus. This is a common route to the synthesis of hydantoins and one of them is employed in this study. A series of 3-allyl-2-thiohydantoins is synthesized from various α-amino acids in a reaction with allyl isothiocyanate. The substitution of the acquired thiohydantoin depends on the structure of the starting α-amino acid. The residual group of the α-amino acid becomes the substituent at the C5-position, while N-monosubstituted amino acids give rise to a substituent in the N1-position. The reaction is carried out in a two-step process and the reaction conditions generally depend on the nature of the amino acid itself. All thiohydantoins are obtained in a good yield and fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as X-ray crystallography.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of tektins from sperm flagellar doublet microtubules

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Linck ◽  
RE Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Intermediate Filament Proteins ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Helical Content ◽  
Protein Components

Tektins, protein components of stable protofilaments from sea urchin sperm flagellar outer doublet microtubules (Linck, R. W., and G. L. Langevin, 1982, J. Cell Sci., 58:1-22), are separable by preparative SDS PAGE into 47-, 51-, and 55-kD equimolar components. High resolution two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping reveals 63-67% coincidence among peptides of the 51-kD tektin chain and its 47- and 55-kD counterparts, greater than 70% coincidence between the 47- and 55-kD tektins, but little obvious similarity to either alpha- or beta-tubulin. With reverse-phase HPLC on a C18 column, using 6 M guanidine-HCl solubilization and a 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid/CH3CN gradient system (Stephens, R. E., 1984, J. Cell Biol. 90:37a [Abstr.]), the relatively less hydrophobic 51-kD tektin elutes at greater than 45% CH3CN, immediately followed by the 55-kD chain. The 47-kD tektin is substantially more hydrophobic, eluting between the two tubulins. The amino acid compositions of the tektins are very similar to each other but totally distinct from tubulin chains, being characterized by a greater than 50% higher arginine plus lysine content (in good agreement with the number of tryptic peptides) and about half the content of glycine, histidine, proline, and tyrosine. The proline content correlates well with the fact that tektin filaments have twice as much alpha-helical content as tubulin. Total hydrophobic amino acid content correlates with HPLC elution times for the tektins but not tubulins. The average amino acid composition of the tektins indicates that they resemble intermediate filament proteins, as originally postulated from structural, solubility, and electrophoretic properties. Tektins have higher cysteine and tryptophan contents than desmin and vimentin, which characteristically have only one residue of each, more closely resembling certain keratins in these amino acids.

scholarly journals Isolation and preliminary biochemical characterization of the gonococcal H.8 antigen.

1986 ◽  
Vol 164 (6) ◽  
pp. 2038-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Strittmatter ◽  
P J Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Lipid Components

We have presented a method for the extraction and isolation of the gonococcal H.8 antigen. There was no evidence of contamination by other gonococcal proteins, phospholipids, or LPS. The purified H.8 antigen was subjected to preliminary analysis and appeared to be a proteolipid consisting of both protein and lipid components. The amino acid composition was unusual; the peptide portion of the antigen was an alanine and proline-rich molecule that lacked aromatic and sulfur-containing amino acids. The overall amino acid composition is hydrophobic. A lipid constituent was also identified; it was made up of at least two lipid components, which were unique to the H.8 molecule. The chemical nature of the association of the protein and lipid is presently unknown, but it is clearly a tenacious one.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID PROFILE AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SEAHORSE Hippocampus comes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-617
Author(s):  
Evi Maya Sari ◽  
Mala Nurilmala ◽  
Asadatun Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis

Seahorse is one of the marine living  resources usually used as ornamental fish, traditional medicinal materials, and souvenirs. The purpose of the study was to determine the proximate composition of wet and dry seahorses, determine the profile of amino acid hydrolyzate and powder of seahorses, and determines to content of bioactive compounds from the ethanol extract of seahorses on qualitatively. The sample of this study is seahorses obtained from nature. Prviously, seahorses were morphometric identified, subsequently, seahorses were made of the powder, hydrolyzate, and ethanol extract. Several analyzes used were qualitative analysis of proximate, amino acid, and phytochemical analysis. Morphometric identification results indicate that the type is Hippocampus comes. The proximate composition is water content is 66.16 ± 0.33% (wet) and 10.33 ± 0.16% (dry), ash content of 9.55 ± 0.15% (wet) and 9.65 ± 0.16% (dry), lipid content 1.18 ± 0.23% (wet) and 4.89 ± 0.37% (dry), protein content of 22.73 ± 0.17% (wet) and 69.83 ± 0.31% (dry), carbohydrate 0.39 ± 0.23 (wet) and 5.50 ± 0.34 (dry). The amino acid composition both on hydrolyzate and powder comprising 9 essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalaline, valine, methionine, histidine, arginine, and threonine and 6 non essential amino acids are tyrosine, alanine, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The results of identification of bioactive compounds is flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and phenol of hydroquinone. Keywords: Hippocampus comes, proximate analysis, amino acid, and bioactive compounds

scholarly journals Determination of the Proximate Composition, Physicochemical Analysis and Characterization of Fatty Acid on the Seed and Oil of Gossypium Hirsutum

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okonkwo S. I. ◽  
Okafor E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate

<p>The proximate composition, physicochemical analysis and characterization of <em>gossypium hirsutum</em> seed and its oil was carried out. The parameters that were studied in proximate analysis include (percentage) % moisture, % crude protein, % crude fiber, % ash content, % lipid. The total % carbohydrate content of the seed was 30.49<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.4 and the estimated % energy value was 435.58. The chemical parameters analyzed on the oil include iodine value, saponification value, free fatty acid (FFA) value and % volatile matter. In the characterization of fatty acid present in the oil with GC-MS Spectroscopy system, the major unsaturated fatty acid values were 14.53% for oleic acid and 55.38% for linoleic acid while the palmitic acid and stearic acid values which were saturated acid are 27.39% and 2.23% respectively. The percentage values of the rest of the fatty acid present in the oil were very low. The parameters determined were within the international and Nigerian industrial standard for vegetable oil.</p>

scholarly journals Proximate composition, amino acid profile, carbohydrate and mineral content of seed meals from four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties grown in north-eastern Morocco

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. A202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Mansouri ◽  
Abdessamad Ben Moumen ◽  
Gaetan Richard ◽  
Marie-Laure Fauconnier ◽  
Marianne Sindic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Morocco

The purpose of this study is to complete our work on the characterization of four safflower varieties produced in the oriental region of Morocco by determining the composition of their meals. This characterization was carried out by analyzing proteins, amino acids, fibers, carbohydrates and mineral elements. The results show that the protein content varies in a range of 17.06–27.05%, fibers 63.45–69.97%, carbohydrates 12.40–17.07% and ash 3.11–3.60% on dry weight basis. The most abundant amino acid in the studied safflower meals is glutamic acid (3.19–3.89% of dry matter), while lysine and methionine are the least abundant. Cellulose and hemicellulose are the most representative fibers (28.16–31.35% and 21.04–21.68% of dry matter, respectively). The main carbohydrate is xylose, whose content varies between 10.56–14.31% of dry matter. The results also show that the studied safflower meals constitute a good source of potassium (6.32–9.51 g kg−1 of dry matter), phosphorus (2.35–4.60 g kg−1), magnesium (2.25–4.25 g kg−1) and calcium (1.53–1.72 g kg−1). Amongst the identified microelements, iron is the major element in all the analyzed samples (53–125 mg kg−1). Moreover, the majority of the studied analytical parameters were strongly influenced by the cultivar factor (p < 0.05). In view of these analyses and pasture shortage, especially during the dry seasons in Morocco, the meal obtained from oil extraction from safflower seeds can be upgraded by the formulation of new animal feed products in this region.

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