scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Digital Transformation of Crop Production of the Pskov Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
I.S. Sandu ◽  
I.P. Voiku
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
Technological Effectiveness ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with the essence and advantages of digitalization – the introduction of digital computer technologies and information presented in digital form into production activities. The cost of economy digitalization and its individual industries is estimated. It is concluded that the decision on digitalization should be justified, supported by the necessary calculations. The article states that the use of computer technologies by Russian agrarians in production processes is the exception rather than the rule. The capacity of crop production as a long-term process, variable in terms of technological effectiveness, structure of operations and costs, for the introduction of advanced information technologies, is estimated. The article presents a description of the place of agriculture in the economy of the Pskov region, the characteristics of the main indicators of crop production. It is concluded that the growth of the gross output of the main types of agricultural products in crop production was largely due to a significant increase in yield index, but the acreage and provision of agricultural machinery in the region continue to decline. The study revealed that the power supply per production unit of agricultural producers combined with the level of digitalization reduce the size and change the structure of production costs. In addition, an assessment of the effect of the introduction of information technology in the chain of formation of the costs of crop production is given. The article describes the sequence of evaluation of the return on investment costs for digitalization of crop production in the Pskov region. The rate of payback due to savings in production costs is estimated at 5 years.

The Phenoxy Herbicides: CAST

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Good Judgment ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicides ◽  
The Cost

The phenoxy herbicides, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, MCPA, silvex and related materials, are selective herbicides widely used in crop production and in the management of forests, ranges and industrial, urban and aquatic sites. These chemicals are related to naturally occurring plant growth regulators. They kill plants by causing malfunctions in growth processes. Broad-leaved plants are generally susceptible to the phenoxy herbicides, whereas most grasses, coniferous trees and certain legumes are relatively resistant.The phenoxy herbicides are used to control broad-leaved weeds in wheat, barley, rice, oats, rye, corn, grain sorghums and certain legumes. Such uses increase yields, improve product quality and reduce production costs. The phenoxy herbicides are used in forests to suppress unwanted hardwood trees and brush, to reduce competition with conifers already established or to prepare sites for the regeneration of conifers. They are used on grazing lands to control unpalatable and noxious plants and to kill brush and small trees that reduce the productivity of pastures and ranges. 2,4-D and other phenoxys are used in canals, ponds, lakes and waterways to kill floating weeds such as water hyacinth, submerged weeds such as pond-weeds, and emergent and shoreline plants such as cattails and willows. Industrial and urban uses include control of brush on utility and transportation rights of way, control of dandelions, plantains and other weeds in turf and suppression of ragweed, poison ivy and other plants of public health importance.The principal hazard in the use of the phenoxys is to crops and other valuable plants either within the treated area or nearby. Treated crops and forest trees can be injured through accidental overdosing, improper timing of treatments, unusual weather conditions and other causes. Injury to nearby crops and ornamentals can result from drift of droplets or vapors of the spray. Such losses are largely preventable through the use of proper formulations and spray equipment and the exercise of good judgment.The phenoxy herbicides are predominantly toxic to green plants and are much less toxic to mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, shellfish, insects, worms, fungi and bacteria. When properly used, they do not occur in soils and water at levels harmful to animals and microorganisms. They do not concentrate in food chains and do not persist from year to year in croplands. They are detectable only rarely in food and then only in insignificant amounts.A highly poisonous kind of dioxin called TCDD is an unavoidable contaminant in commercial supplies of 2,4,5-T and silvex. The amount present in currently produced formulations of 2,4,5-T and silvex is not enough to alter the toxicological properties of these preparations or to endanger human health or to affect plants or animals in the environment.The phenoxy herbicides are widely used because they are more efficient and usually less hazardous and less injurious to the environment than alternative methods. Use of these chemicals is estimated to reduce the cost of production of the crops on which they are used by about 5% and to reduce overall agricultural production costs in the United States by about 1%. Uses in forests and nonagricultural situations provide additional savings. If the phenoxys were no longer available, the cost of food, forest products, electric power, transportation and governmental services would be higher. These costs would be borne by consumers.

The role of ex ante regulations in addressing problems of moral hazard in agricultural insurance

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum G. Turvey ◽  
Michael Hoy ◽  
Zahirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Input Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Level

We develop a theoretical model of input use by agricultural producers who purchase crop insurance, and thus may engage in moral hazard. Through simulations, our findings show a combination of partial insurance coverage and partial monitoring of inputs may reduce substantially the problems associated with moral hazard. The minimum level of input use that must be required by regulation is determined to be substantially lower than the optimal or actual input level chosen by producers. Because the use of inputs for crop production occurs in many stages over the pre‐planting, planting, and growing seasons, only a minimal input requirement is needed. Thus, the cost of implementing such a regulation can be kept much lower than would be the case for a regulation of complete monitoring of input usage.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Economics of Sustainable and Conventional Horticulture

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Robin G. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Cost

Since World War II, U.S. agriculture has reduced production costs by substituting petrochemicals for labor. Adverse impacts from chemical intensive agriculture include increased pest levels, groundwater and surface water contamination, soil erosion, and concerns about harmful levels of pesticide residues. Sustainable farming programs such as integrated crop management (ICM) and organic farming encourage farmers to use systems that reduce the adverse impacts of chemical agriculture. However, before farmers adopt an alternative system, they must determine that economic benefits from the alternative farming activities exceed the costs incurred. Unfortunately, relatively few studies have compared the cost of organic crop production with conventional production systems. Results of these studies are mixed. In some studies, organic systems are more profitable than conventional systems with organic price premiums, but are not economically viable without price premiums. In one long-term study, the organic system was more profitable than a conventional one if the cost of family labor was ignored, but less profitable if it was included. In some studies, net returns were higher for ICM than for conventional or organic systems, but in others, they were higher. Results also vary on a crop by crop basis.

Development of primary income accounting of crop production

10.12737/7736 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Закиров ◽  
Zufar Zakirov ◽  
Закирова ◽  
Alsu Zakirova ◽  
Клычова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Agricultural Organization

In modern conditions agricultural enterprises activity is affected by the organization of management, which provides economic independence of business entities, their competitiveness and return on production costs. In turn, the effectiveness of management is affected by the efficiency and adequacy of accounting information, which is received by the administrative and management personnel. The term of calculation, due to its versatility, is of a great interest on the part of scholars and practitioners. On the one hand, calculation is represented as a set of techniques of analytical accounting of expenses for production and calculation of the cost of production, on the other hand, it is presented as a component of cost accounting. All this shows, that this term includes various aspects, related to the development and acquisition of information about the production process, its costs and results. This information is undoubtedly important with the development of production activities of agricultural organization. Despite the rather close attention to the issues of cost accounting and calculation of the cost of agricultural production, there is a need to study in detail and further improvement of cost accounting and calculation of the cost of agricultural production in the management system of agricultural organization. The paper deals with the selection of objects for accounting of production, calculation facilities and calculation units in horse breeding. A method of calculating the cost of horse-breeding products was also provided. Simultaneous use of modern information technology will significantly reduce labor costs, compared to manual processing of accounting information

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of creation and long-term use of different-ripening grass stands for hay harvesting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feed Unit

Based on the improved methodology, an economic assessment of the mowing technology for hay harvesting is given. The total cost (44.8–47.5 thousand rubles/ha) for the creation of early and medium-mature long-term herbage with the dominance of rhizomatous grasses paid off in 1.6–1.8 years. In the next 25 years, annual production costs amounted to 20.1–21.6 thousand rubles/ha with the cost of 1 feed unit of 5.1–5.6 rubles and a conditional net income of 15.1–20.1 thousand rubles/ha.

scholarly journals Documentary support of the agricultural producer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stafievskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Kurochkinа
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The Cost

One of the significant management functions today is financial accounting. Today, farmers can independently develop primary accounting documents that would meet the requirements of legislation and internal management. The presence of workflow is an important information source for the management process. Timely information on the costs incurred is generated in the field of primary accounting as an information system for all accounting subsystems (tax, management, financial). Today, the list of primary documents is extensive, presented in unified and specialized forms, however, farmers feel the problem of establishing accurate and efficient exchange of information within the enterprise units. The article provides a critical analysis of the current standard forms of primary accounting documents used by agricultural organizations to account for costs at the present stage. The object of the study was the activity of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Mari El. The subject of the study is the documentary support of the production and sale of agricultural products, the performance of work in crop production. This study is based on the application of methods of deduction, induction, information analysis. The analysis made it possible to identify the main shortcomings in documenting operations related to the implementation of agricultural work and to develop recommendations for their elimination. The scientific novelty is the author's recommendations on improving the primary accounting for the agricultural producer. The implementation of the proposed recommendations in the practice of accounting for agricultural organizations of the Mari El Republic will allow: • simplify the initial accounting of production costs by reducing the number of primary accounting documents; • reduce the cost of working time to prepare information about the costs for the management of organizations; • increase the reliability and efficiency of the information received on the magnitude of the costs incurred and the cost of agricultural products.

scholarly journals Econometric analysis of the crops’ production prime cost in steppe zone

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-996
Author(s):  
Alla Zhorova ◽  
Svetlana Tischenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Yield Formation

Efficiency of agrarian production depends on the characteristics of the natural complex in specific territory. Managing costs on crop production in steppe zone is largely determined by correctly chosen strategy of development and tools of its implementation, taking into account cost and innovative technologies. The purpose of this paper is to identify possible ways to reduce the cost of crop production by constructing an econometric model. Searching of the most efficient ways of working agrarian enterprise is grounded by the intense technological progress, with considerable attention which is paid to the econometric modelling. It provides the opportunity not only to see the relationship between the studied quantitative factors, but also to predict the results of activities in an analytical form. The paper proposes an econometric model of the crops’ yield formation and identifies ways to reduce the cost of crop production. The hypothesis of a linear relation between the prime cost, expenditures and yield is proved. As a result of the analysis, the dependence of production costs on crop yields and prime costs, the opportunity to use the survey data to predict future economic factors in agriculture is given.

scholarly journals Perhitungan harga pokok produksi berdasarkan metode Full Costing untuk penetapan harag jual produk pada CV. Silvi MN Paradilla Parengan

Owner ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 632-647
Author(s):  
Laras Sukma Arum Melati ◽  
Guntur Saputra ◽  
Faridatun Najiyah ◽  
Fitria Asas
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Basic Product ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Cost

The problem that becomes the background of this research is in determining the selling price of a basic product that is used is the calculation of the cost of production, which is a way to take into account the determination of cost elements into the cost of the product and the selling price that is set must be able to determine all costs that produce long term profit. Based on the determination of the correct product cost of a product, it will be able to reduce uncertainty in determining the selling price. The purpose of this study is to find out how to calculate the cost of production based on the full costing method for determining the selling price of the product. In determining the selling price of the product, the selling price method is used based on cost-plus pricing. Cost plus pricing is the determination of the price by adding a certain amount (percentage) of the selling price or cost as profit. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis method, the results of this study indicate that there are advantages in calculating the cost of goods manufactured based on the Full Costing method and to be able to determine the cost of goods sold, the production costs must be calculated at the beginning of each month based on the previous period's sales report.

Achieving an optimal global versus domestic sourcing balance under demand uncertainty

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1292-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoungho Jin
Keyword(s):  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Global Sourcing ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Mixed Strategies ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Ideal

As manufacturers face demand uncertainty and new retailing practices, such as filling frequent, small replenishment orders, agility has become an important competitive tool. By sourcing globally, manufacturing firms can reduce production costs, but may not be agile enough to meet retailers' needs on a timely basis. To minimize the cost/agility trade‐off, many firms are combining global and domestic sourcing. However, factors to be considered for mixed strategies have not been suggested. Based on Bucklin's concepts of postponement and speculation, this study tried to find the ideal point, “I”, at which the optimal amount of global and domestic sourcing can be formulated considering the total cost and delivery time simultaneously. In mixing domestic and global sourcing to reach the optimum profit, this study provided four conditions under which the larger portion of domestic sourcing can be formulated: greater level of demand uncertainly, information and manufacturing technology, local subcontractor clusters, and long‐term relationship with a subcontractor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document