scholarly journals Socio-economic Consequences of Globalization in Agriculture in Relation to Social Responsibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Hana Polackova
Keyword(s):  
Weak Link ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Globalized World

Agriculture has allowed for people to settle in one place and stop moving for food. It made possible to survive and later trade. Agriculture was the main driver of the economy since the creation of the first states to the 20th century. In today’s globalized world, we consider an economically successful country where the industry dominates. Industry, compared to agriculture, offers greater opportunities for growth in gross domestic product. In addition to economic cycles, economic activities closely related to agriculture are also affected by climate fluctuations, pests, diseases, inadequate crops and others. Despite the fact that agricultural output is essential for life, agriculture has been on the second track. The stability and sustainable development of a country depends on the influence of various economic, non-economic and political factors. However, the low elasticity of agricultural production supply, dependence on natural conditions and the limited durability of production results can make agriculture a weak link in planning the further development of the country’s economy. The paper deals with the need for a socially responsible approach to agriculture and the identification of factors that can affect the stability of the economy, the sustainability of economic growth as well as the health of the population and the environment. Information for the preparation of this paper was drawn from the data of the Statistical Office, expert studies and economic literature. At the end of the paper is outlined the possible use of agriculture as a major industry in the context of solving some social problems.

scholarly journals Modeling Gender-Structured Wildlife Diseases with Harvesting: Chronic Wasting Disease as an Example

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo'tassem Al-Arydah ◽  
Robert J. Smith ◽  
Frithjof Lutscher
Keyword(s):  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Optimum Interval ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion infectious disease that affects members of the deer family in North America. Concerns about the economic consequences of the presence of CWD have led management agencies to seek effective strategies to control CWD distribution and prevalence. Current mathematical models are either based on complex simulations or overly simplified compartmental models. We develop a mathematical model that includes gender structure to describe CWD in a logistically growing population. The model includes harvesting as a management strategy for the disease. We determine the stability conditions of the disease-free equilibrium for the model and calculate the basic reproduction number. We find an optimum interval of harvesting: with too little harvesting, the disease persists, whereas too much harvesting results in extinction of the population. A sensitivity analysis shows that the disease threshold is more sensitive to female than male harvesting and that harvesting has the greatest effect on the basic reproduction number. However, while harvesting may be a way to control CWD, the range of admissible harvesting rates may be very narrow, depending on other parameters.

scholarly journals BALLAST WATER POLLUTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE BLACK SEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Vasile RAŢᾸ ◽  
Liliana RUSU
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Stability

Since the emergence of humanity, the marine environment has provided a safety net in many ways, has fostered socio-economic development, creating links between states, between continents. In the same time, it represents a priority source of food for a considerable percentage of the population. The same marine environment also creates solutions to current global problems, as a potential source of sustainable energy for the future. In recent decades, the stability of this ecosystem has been  considerably shaken by the various types of pollution resulting from human activities. The Black Sea is not immune to these results from economic activities, such as the transport of goods by water, which creates the context for the migration of living organisms from one geographical region to another. The threat of ecosystems has been intensified by the process of globalization, by changing the natural food chains following the accidental introduction of non- indigenous marine life by discharging ballast water from ship tanks. Risk assessment to limit the effects of this biohazard problem is the first step in a normal regional chain of action..

scholarly journals Measuring Tourism Seasonality Across Selected Mediterranean Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natali Suštar ◽  
Marina Laškarin Ažić
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Seasonality Index ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Income Variability ◽  
Overnight Stays

Seasonality, as one of the key features of tourist activity, represents an unavoidable topic in scientific and professional analyses, whose aim it is to determine its causal effects. The economic consequences of seasonality are the kind of consequences that are most often emphasized and considered in discussions. They include inefficiencies in resource use, income variability, changes in the employment level, etc. However, only a few analyses have provided a more in-depth discussion of the common problems of seasonality among the Mediterranean countries. The most commonly used method of calculating the Gini coefficient will be used in order to estimate seasonality. This coefficient is characterized by certain advantages, such as taking into account the distribution asymmetry and the relative insensitivity to extreme values, as well   as the stability indication of overnight stays distribution in a single year. Based on individual calculations of the seasonality index, this paper will provide a unique view of the similarities and differences between countries with regards to seasonal tourism oscillations. The analysis will cover the total number of tourists’ overnight stays in hotels and similar accommodation facilities, RevPAR revenue, and the average room price – ADR per month between 2007 and 2017. This paper will focus on determining the seasonal characteristics of the selected Mediterranean countries. The quantitative seasonality calculation will be a key indicator for seasonality measurements across different research areas. The contribution of this paper is reflected in the application of financial and non-financial indicators in hotel business that has not yet been implemented. Keywords: Tourism seasonality, RevPAR, ADR, gini index

scholarly journals Research on the influencing factors of family firm innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Yingrui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Business ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Strategic Focus ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Innovation Behavior

Family business plays an important role in the world’s economic activities, and has made great contributions to the stability and development of the economy of various countries. Innovation is an important but inexplicable part of the strategic focus of family business. Based on the existing literature, this paper discusses the factors that influence the innovation behavior of enterprises from the perspective of family involvement and external environment.

scholarly journals Determinants of The Application of Macro Prudential Instruments

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firano Zakaria ◽  
Filali A. Fatine
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Financial Expertise ◽  
Early Warning Indicators ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Intermediate Variables ◽  
Warning Indicators

The use of macro prudential instruments today gives rise to a major debate within the walls of central banks and other authorities in charge of financial stability. Contrary to micro prudential instruments, whose effects remain limited, macro prudential instruments are different in nature and can affect the stability of the financial system. By influencing the financial cycle and the financial structure of financial institutions, the use of such instruments should be conducted with great vigilance as well as macroeconomic and financial expertise. But the experiences of central banks in this area are sketchy, and only some emerging countries have experience using these types of instruments in different ways. This paper presents an analysis of instruments of macro prudential policy and attempts to empirically demonstrate that these instruments should be used only in specific economic and financial situations. Indeed, the results obtained, using modeling bivariate panel, confirm that these instruments are more effective when used to mitigate the euphoria of financial and economic cycles. In this sense, the output gap, describing the economic cycle, and the Z-score are the intermediate variables for the activation of capital instruments. Moreover, the liquidity ratio and changes in bank profitability are the two early warning indicators for activation of liquidity instruments.

Is Sustaniable Tourism a Leverage FOR Economic Development?

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-64
Author(s):  
Hakan Sezerel ◽  
Cihan Kaymaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ecological Tourism

Does development mean employment and social welfare, or the natural environment, ecosystem, and biodiversity? The answer to this question is sought worldwide while trying to solve the dichotomy between ecological sustainability and the development sustainability. The authors observe a series of pursuits under the names of ecological tourism, environmentally friendly tourism, and socially responsible tourism that emerge in order to overcome this dichotomy in the tourism discipline. They all merge around the common idea of offering a framework that examines economic activities for this dilemma. Meanwhile, this chapter examines the pursuits within the scope of sustainable tourism based on the assumptions of principal ecological approaches (e.g., environment protection, shallow ecology, deep ecology, and social ecology) and determines the position of sustainable tourism within these ecological approaches. It is deduced that sustainable tourism is actually sustainable at very low levels from the perspective of ecological sustainability.

Energy, Environment and Socio-Economic Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-242
Author(s):  
Divine Odame Appiah ◽  
Francis Kemausuor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Sub Saharan

This chapter espouses the spatial relationships between energy, environment and socio-economic development, as some of the main challenges African countries are grappling with. Energy is the main driver of all forms of socio-economic activities occurring within the human space over time. In Africa, however, low access to energy has, to a greater extent, hampered the socio-economic development of the continent. Although the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) do not specifically stipulate on any energy target, the realization of all the goals stands threatened if households, commercial and industrial activities do not get the rightful access in terms of availability and affordability to energy systems, including their appropriate conversion technologies. The authors explore the dynamics of energy, socio-economic development and environmental sustainability in a nexus of the triple challenges facing Africa, from different African scenarios. In Africa, the obstacles opposing the continent’s bid to expand the energy frontiers from the traditional sources of wood and fossil fuels into other second and third generation energy forms have been constructed in the areas of intense competition for arable lands for food crops and feed stocks cultivation. Suffice to say that increasing population densities, food shortages and insecurity and malnutrition with associated diseases have culminated into acute forms of poverty in recent years in Africa; the problems have been aggravated by the wanton degradation of the environmental resource base and the over-dependence of particular energy mix at both the rural and the urban settings. The above disposition therefore, militates greatly against the socio-economic efforts of most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. From a systemic perspective, the energy sector which drives almost every sub-sector of the broader socio-economic activity needs to factor the environmental consequences of extraction and use, with the attending impacts of climate variability and change in a vicious cycle of sustainability.

The Economic Consequences of Financial Restatements: Evidence from the Market for Corporate Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Amel-Zadeh ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Control ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Market For Corporate Control ◽  
Financial Restatements ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Takeover Bids ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether and how financial restatements affect the market for corporate control. We show that firms that recently filed financial restatements are significantly less likely to become takeover targets than a propensity score matched sample of non-restating firms. For those restating firms that do receive takeover bids, the bids are more likely to be withdrawn or take longer to complete than those made to non-restating firms. Finally, there is some evidence that deal value multiples are significantly lower for restating targets than for non-restating targets. Our analyses suggest that the information risk associated with restating firms is the main driver of these results. Overall, this study finds that financial restatements have profound consequences for the allocation of economic resources in the market for corporate control. JEL Classifications: D82; G14; G34; M41. Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the paper.

scholarly journals A natural experiment reveals the impact of hydroelectric dams on the estuaries of tropical rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaau9875 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ezcurra ◽  
E. Barrios ◽  
P. Ezcurra ◽  
A. Ezcurra ◽  
S. Vanderplank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Sediment Trapping ◽  
Tropical Estuaries ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

We tested how sediment trapping by hydroelectric dams affects tropical estuaries by comparing two dammed and two undammed rivers on Mexico’s Pacific coast. We found that dams demonstrably affected the stability and productivity of the estuaries. The two rivers dammed for hydroelectricity had a rapid coastal recession (between 7.9 and 21.5 ha year−1) in what should otherwise be an accretional coastline. The economic consequences of this dam-induced coastal erosion include loss of habitat for fisheries, loss of coastal protection, release of carbon sequestered in coastal sediments, loss of biodiversity, and the decline of estuarine livelihoods. We estimate that the cost of the environmental damages a dam can cause in the lower part of basin almost doubles the purported benefits of emission reductions from hydroelectric generation.

Public-sector Intervention in Embodying the New Economy in Inner Urban Areas: The Barcelona Experience

Urban Studies ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antònia Casellas ◽  
Montserrat Pallares-Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Council ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Public Agency ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The City ◽  
Radical Transformation

This article investigates the urban and economic revitalisation of a traditional industrial working-class neighbourhood into a knowledge-based economic district. It explores why and how this new district is the result of an assertive public policy led by Barcelona's city council and implemented by a quasi-public agency. The project represents the most important urban-growth strategy in the city at the turn of the century and also exemplifies the advantages and shortcomings of many of the policy elements that have contributed to the radical transformation of Barcelona in recent decades. The article further highlights methodological challenges regarding the conceptualisation and operationalisation of new economic activities and it discusses the spatial and uncertain economic consequences of this ambitious approach by the local government.

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