The 3D Printing solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020/2021

The 2019-2021 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), which began in the city of Wuhan in China, towards the end of 2019. As of March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization ordered the disease of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, at the time of its composition, has spread to more than 180 countries on the planet. The number of COVID-19 patients is on the rise worldwide; given the high number of patients and the disruption of the production network; this has created a shortage of clinical parts and personal protective equipment; the 3D printing has endorsed its role in this area. 3D printing continues to provide healthcare workers with missing equipment for example, millions of face shields, face veils, valves, nasopharyngeal swabs and more have been made using 3D printing, in this article, we will share the contribution and experience of the 3D printing sector in the medical sector and a survey has been carried out of the studies to give a global view on the way and pace of use of this technology in the World during this health crisis.

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A PIECEWISE GROWTH MODEL FOR MODELING THE ACCUMULATED NUMBER OF COVID-19 CASES IN THE CITY OF CAMPO GRANDE

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE BIOMETRIA ◽

10.28951/rbb.v39i1.542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Erlandson Ferreira SARAIVA ◽

Leandro SAUER ◽

Basílio De Bragança PEREIRA ◽

Carlos Alberto de Bragança PEREIRA

Keyword(s):

Growth Model ◽

Health Department ◽

World Health ◽

Mathematical Study ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Technical Report ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

In December of 2019, a new coronavirus was discovered in the city of Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization officially named this coronavirus as COVID-19. Since its discovery, the virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently one of the main health problems, causing an enormous social and economic burden. Due to this, there is a great interest in mathematical models capable of projecting the evolution of the disease in countries, states and/or cities. This interest is mainly due to the fact that the projections may help the government agents in making decisions in relation to the prevention of the disease. By using this argument, the health department of the city (HDC) of Campo Grande asked the UFMS for the development of a mathematical study to project the evolution of the disease in the city. In this paper, we describe a modeling procedure used to fit a piecewise growth model for the accumulated number of cases recorded in the city. From the fitted model, we estimate the date in which the pandemic peak is reached and project the number of patients who will need treatment in intensive care units. Weekly, was sent to HDC a technical report describing the main results.

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The effects of Personal, Environmental, and Genetic Factors on Epidemic of COVID-19: A Review of the Current Literature (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19211 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hojatollah Kakaei 6th ◽

Salar Bakhtiyari ◽

Amin Mirzaei ◽

Sajad Mazloomi ◽

Mohsen Jalilian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

World Health ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

The World ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19 is a viral disease that unfolded in the city of Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. The global outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has prompted the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency. The concerns about the COVID-19 disease are the rapid increase in the number of patients as well as the number of deaths compared with SARS disease. Given that there is a remarkable variability amongst people for COVID-19, there really is the possibility that there will be genetic and environmental effects, it is a necessity that their role should be absolutely identified as soon as possible. Various studies have been executed on the effects of genetic and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity on the constancy of the COVID-19 virus. In this review, we aimed to discuss the benefits and effects of these factors on COVID-19 in detail.

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TIRYAQ-E-ARBA (A POLY HERBAL UNANI FORMULATION) IN FIGHTING AGAINST COVID 19 LIKE CONDITIONS – UNANI PERSPECTIVE

Indian Journal of Unani Medicine ◽

10.53390/ijum.v13i1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nafisa Qibriya Khan ◽

A. H. Farooqui ◽

Syed Ayesha Fatima ◽

Jalil Ahmad ◽

Tausif S. Khan

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

World Health ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Unani Medicine ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Almost All

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease of modern time with unique and rapid transmission rate and affected almost all the nations without respecting any border. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is arguably the biggest health crisis the world has faced in 21st century. It is an infectious disease and declared pandemic by the World Health Organization. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which originated in Wuhan, China, has now spread to 192 countries and administrative regions infecting nearly 800,000 individuals of all ages as of 31 March 2020. Though most infected individuals exhibit mild symptoms including fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, shortness of breath, and diarrhoea, or are asymptomatic altogether, severe cases of infection can lead to pneumonia, multiple organ failure, and death. Globally, at least 7900 deaths have been directly attributed to COVID19, and this number is expected to rise with the ongoing epidemic. This is particularly crucial as the current outbreak involves a new pathogen (SARS-CoV-2), on which limited knowledge exists of its infectivity and clinical profile. Research is in progress on therapeutic efficacy of various agents including anti-malarials (Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine), antiviral drugs, and convalescent serum of recovered patients. Unani system of medicine is one of the traditional systems of medicine which is being explored for providing preventive, supportive and rehabilitative care to patients. Unani system of medicine has a detailed description of drugs that are utilized in many infectious diseases, including respiratory infections. Immune response is essential to eliminate virus and to preclude disease progression to severe stages. Therefore, it is important to summarize the evidence regarding the preventive measures, control options such as immune-stimulator and prophylactic treatment in Unani medicine against Covid19. This review summarizes various pharmacological actions of Unani formulation Tiryaq-e-Arba in Unani literature and various reported pharmacological activities which can possibly provide prevention, control and reduction of complications of this deadly disease.

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Four pandemics: lessons learned, lessons lost

10.22514/sv.2020.16.0096 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

World Health ◽

Swine Flu ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The World ◽

Spanish Flu ◽

Future Events ◽

Health Organization

In the past 100 years, the world has faced four distinctly different pandemics: the Spanish flu of 1918-1919, the SARS pandemic of 2003, the H1N1 or “swine flu” pandemic of 2012, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Each public health crisis exposed specific systemic shortfalls and provided public health lessons for future events. The Spanish flu revealed a nursing shortage and led to a great appreciation of nursing as a profession. SARS showed the importance of having frontline clinicians be able to work with regulators and those producing guidelines. H1N1 raised questions about the nature of a global organization such as the World Health Organization in terms of the benefits and potential disadvantages of leading the fight against a long-term global public health threat. In the era of COVID-19, it seems apparent that we are learning about both the blessing and curse of social media.

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The Covid infodemic

International Journal of Corpus Linguistics ◽

10.1075/ijcl.20160.hyl ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ken Hyland ◽

Feng (Kevin) Jiang

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Global Health ◽

Medical Research ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Research Methods ◽

World Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Highly Cited

Abstract Covid-19, the greatest global health crisis for a century, brought a new immediacy and urgency to international bio-medical research. The pandemic generated intense competition to produce a vaccine and contain the virus, creating what the World Health Organization referred to as an ‘infodemic’ of published output. In this frantic atmosphere, researchers were keen to get their research noticed. In this paper, we explore whether this enthusiasm influenced the rhetorical presentation of research and encouraged scientists to “sell” their studies. Examining a corpus of the most highly cited SCI articles on the virus published in the first seven months of 2020, we explore authors’ use of hyperbolic and promotional language to boost aspects of their research. Our results show a significant increase in hype to stress certainty, contribution, novelty and potential, especially regarding research methods, outcomes and primacy. Our study sheds light on scientific persuasion at a time of intense social anxiety.

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Penggunaan Aplikasi Google Classroom sebagai Metode Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19

Cakrawala Jurnal Pendidikan ◽

10.24905/cakrawala.v14i2.1710 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

Mirza Ghulamudin Ghulamudin ◽

Maufur ◽

Beni Habibi

Keyword(s):

Distance Learning ◽

World Health ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

The World ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

The Government ◽

Health Organization ◽

In The Beginning

Covid-19 has now attacked Indonesia, where the spread of the disease is very fast. Not only in Indonesia, but all corners of the world are currently experiencing a health crisis. In the beginning, the spread of Covid-19 had an impact on economic activity which began to sluggish. This also has an impact on the education system in Indonesia. Until several countries decided to close schools and universities. In an effort to prevent the spread of covid-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends temporarily stopping activities that would potentially cause crowds. Even during the outbreak, covid-19 in Indonesia, there were many ways that the government did to prevent its spread through social distancing. Kemendikbud instructed through the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) Directorate of Higher Education Circular No. 1 of 2020 concerning the prevention of the spread of covid-19 in the world of Education to organize distance learning and advise students to learn from their homes. Teachers and students are starting to be required to follow the current situation by using technology as a distance learning medium. One of the media that is being favored by teachers as a learning medium is the Google Classroom application. This application is an application that can make it easier for students and teachers to create effective learning. Given that students today are a generation who are very familiar with the use of technology. The use of technology in learning is an alternative method used by teachers during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

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Global Governance and the WHO’s Mandate Post-COVID-19 Crisis

10.21467/preprints.311 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jean Vilbert

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

World Health ◽

First Year ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Nation States ◽

Democratic Principle ◽

The World ◽

Distribution Of Power ◽

Health Organization

The COVID-19 has renovated the debate about global health governance. A number of scholars have proposed that the World Health Organization should assume the position of a central coordinator with hierarchical powers, demanding nation-states to “share their sovereignty”. This article presents four main objections to this project. First, when international institutions receive leverage, they use to impose “one-size-fits-all” policies, which conflicts with the characteristic heterogeny across countries. Second, geopolitical questions and the distribution of power in multilateral institutions put developing countries in a position of vulnerability within a hierarchical order. Third, the risk of crowding out parallel initiatives, especially from non-state actors. Fourth, decisions about health can have a major impact on countries, which may thwart the internal democratic principle. A Pareto improvement would be possible by strengthening the WHO’s operational capacity and its ability to issue technical guidance and coordinate with countries. To test this hypothesis, this study analyses the possible influence of the WHO’s guidance in the first year of the coronavirus health crisis, from January 2020 to January 2021, in 37 countries reported in the World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017-2020). The OLS regression performed shows a statistically significant negative relationship between the trust in the WHO, assumed as a proxy for the level of the organization's penetration, and the number of cases of COVID-19 (per million people) in the countries of the sample. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that there is a valid case for the countries to strengthen the WHO’s mandate post-COVID-19, but they should enhance the operations of provision of reliable information and support. Nation-states, in particular the developing ones, should eschew the temptation to create a hierarchical global health structure, which may not only fail due to countries’ asymmetries but is likely to create losers in the process.

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CORONOVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19. MASKS (literature review)

Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology ◽

10.12737/2409-3750-2021-7-1-24-32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 24-32

Author(s):

Semen Kireev ◽

I. Popov ◽

A. Ban'kovskiy ◽

E. Litvinenko ◽

E. Surova

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

International Committee ◽

World Health ◽

Vulnerable Communities ◽

Regional Director ◽

The World ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Re-public of China with an epicenter in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province). On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus - COVID-19 ("Coronavirus disease2019"). On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy gave the official name to the infectious agent - SARS-CoV-2.Since the end of January 2020, cases of COVID-19 have begun to be registered in many coun-tries of the world, mainly associated with travel to the PRC. At the end of February 2020, the epidemiological situation with COVID-19 in South Korea, Iran and Italy sharply worsened, which subsequently led to a significant increase in the number of cases in other countries of the world associated with travel to these countries, incl. and in Russia. The World Health Organiza-tion announced the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020, and the pandemic's challenge to the world will remain so as long as people are not immune to it.The Regional Director of the World Health Organization Takeshi Kasai, on the basis of an epidemiological analysis, reports that the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 in July-August 2020 occurred mainly among people under 50 years old, and they often did not even know about it, because they had mild or no symptoms. In the future, these people then infect older people who are more difficult to tolerate COVID-19. And we need to redouble our efforts to prevent the spread of the virus in vulnerable communities.

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Exploring WHO Communication during the COVID 19 Pandemic through the WHO Website Based on W3C Guidelines: Accessible for All?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165663 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5663

Author(s):

Elena Fernández-Díaz ◽

Patricia P. Iglesias-Sánchez ◽

Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Point Of View ◽

World Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Digital Version ◽

Recommendations For Action ◽

The World ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Health Organization ◽

Health Content

Health crisis situations generate greater attention and dependence on reliable and truthful information from citizens, especially from those organisations that represent authority on the subject, such as the World Health Organization (WHO). In times of global pandemics such as COVID-19, the WHO message “health for all” takes on great communicative importance, especially from the point of view of the prevention of the disease and recommendations for action. Therefore, any communication must be understandable and accessible by all types of people, regardless of their technology, language, culture or disability (physical or mental), according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), taking on special relevance for public health content. This study analysed whether the WHO is accessible in its digital version for all groups of citizens according to the widely accepted standards in the field of the Internet. The conclusion reached was that not all the information is accessible in accordance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1, which implies that there are groups that are, to some extent, left out, especially affecting the elderly. This study can contribute to the development of proposals and suggest ways in which to improve the accessibility of health content to groups especially vulnerable in this pandemic.

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The World Health Organization in Crisis—Lessons to be Learned Beyond the Ebola Outbreak

The Chinese Journal of Global Governance ◽

10.1163/23525207-12340013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadja Meisterhans

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Legal Theory ◽

World Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Democratic Reform ◽

The World ◽

The Media ◽

Health Organization ◽

Do So

Blaming the World Health Organization (who) for its failures in the Ebola crisis was a common reaction of the media. However, exclusively denouncing the who for the spread of Ebola falls short as it does not recognize the structural deficits of those recent governance procedures financing global health that lead to a chronic underfunding of the who. Against this background, the article reflects perspectives of a democratic reform of global health funding. It concludes that only the who can provide a leadership on global health matters, but to do so it depends on states willing to rebuild the who’s capacities to act. To address the global health crisis properly, the revitalization of who’s constitutional mandate is critically necessary. The discussion is based on normative legal theory, which argues that processes of globalization have transformed international law into a global rule of law, placing specific duties on states and international institutions.

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