scholarly journals Globalization Impact on the Maritime Trade between the USA and the Slovak Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 07039
Author(s):  
Peter Mako ◽  
Andrej David ◽  
Andrea Galierikova ◽  
Matus Materna
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Container Transport ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The paper background is based on the importance of maritime trade. The paper offers a proposal for container transport in two different directions along two different transport routes, taking into consideration all trends in the development of port transhipment facilities as well as the development of container transport. The final comparison is determined based on criteria such as speed and complexity of the transport, distance, price for transportation, as well as the risk of endangering the cargo due to shipping through risky geographical areas. These factors, together with other facts, significantly contribute to the final choice of the shipping route both by the shipper and the carrier. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this paper is to present the basic possibilities of container transportation by sea between North America and Europe, to express the importance of the Transatlantic maritime transport route and to offer a comparison of two transport proposals in a case study.The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the impact of globalization on maritime trade between the USA and Europe, especially the Slovak Republic. Given the rapidly evolving maritime transport situation between North America and Europe, special consideration is also given to the current technical equipment and transhipment technology in the ports through which this trade takes place. Methods: The method used in the paper is the least squares method, that will be used on the prediction of future stage of maritime trade between Slovakia and the USA. For this purpose, methods of regression and correlation analysis will be also used. Findings & Value added: According to data from Review of Maritime Transport between 1995 – 2018, the prediction of stage of maritime trade will be made. The development of the maritime trade will be also predicted.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Environmental Way of Customer’s Thinking on a Range of Choice from Transport Routes in Maritime Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Andrej David ◽  
Peter Mako ◽  
Jan Lizbetin ◽  
Patrik Bohm
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
General Description ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Container Transport ◽  
Decision Method ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with the impact that an environmental way of thinking has on shipping and transport company customers regarding their preferences in choosing a transport route. Nowadays, maritime transport plays a very important role mainly in transoceanic container transport. It also deals with the statistics focused on container shipping, especially between North America and Europe. These statistics contribute to a general description of the development of container shipping on the route that is applicated in this case study. The significant impact of this kind of transport also reflects the estimation of the future development of container transport on the selected transport route. In this view, the least square method is used in this paper. This method can present the trend of development according to statistics. Thanks to these materials, this paper estimates a slight increase of the number of containers transported between North America and Europe in the near future. This increase will have a certain effect on the environment. Thus, as part of their business policy of sustainability and environment protection, customers will prefer a mode of transport and transport routes featuring a smaller effect on the environment in the future. The relevance of such a change in preferences in planning transport routes for the customer is reflected in the case study presented in this paper. So, one part of this paper is also dedicated to information about the impact of maritime transport on the environment. This part also explains the impact according to different studies that have been published in the last few years. The main contribution of this paper is also to point out the importance of this factor for the preferences of customers via the multi-criteria decision method. Using a multi-criteria decision method, it outlines how the factor of the impact on the environment can significantly change the offer made by a transport or shipping company, and thus how it represents a key element of whether the customer would prefer the given offer or focus on a competitor’s offer.

scholarly journals The impact of globalization in connection with the development of e-commerce

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Eva Nahalková Tesárová ◽  
Anna Križanová
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Basic Purpose ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Globalization encourages increased involvement of retailers, and the market currently provides these entities with a new range of purchasing functions. The new economy is based primarily on information and knowledge, so the key to success is the ability to constantly improve and respond to changing market conditions and increasing customer requirements. The Internet thus becomes an integral part of our lives. It is a tool that makes our lives better. The expansion of the global information network Internet has created space for a new kind of business. It brings benefits to all e-commerce entities. For this reason, its popularity is growing exponentially. The negative experience caused by financial fraud, misuse of sensitive data, the unreliability of business partners, and the like is also growing. Purpose of the article: The basic purpose of the article is the fact that the development of e-commerce is one of the important conditions for maintaining and increasing the competitiveness of the Slovak economy and its ability to participate in the international division of labor with the economically developed countries. Methods: The basic pillar of the article was to analyze the current development of e-commerce in the Slovak Republic, which is affected by the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19, make a comparison with EU countries, and evaluate the perception of e-commerce by Slovak consumers based on a questionnaire survey. Findings & Value added: Finally, we interpret the answers of the respondents, which were obtained by the questionnaire method.

scholarly journals A Global Synthesis Inversion Analysis of Recent Variability in CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Using GOSAT and In Situ Observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Wang ◽  
S. Randolph Kawa ◽  
G. James Collatz ◽  
Motoki Sasakawa ◽  
Luciana V. Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The precise contribution of the two major sinks for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, terrestrial vegetation and the ocean, and their location and year-to-year variability are not well understood. Top-down estimates of the spatiotemporal variations in emissions and uptake of CO2 are expected to benefit from the increasing measurement density brought by recent in situ and remote CO2 observations. We uniquely apply a batch Bayesian synthesis inversion at relatively high resolution to in situ surface observations and bias-corrected GOSAT satellite column CO2 retrievals to deduce the global distributions of natural CO2 fluxes during 2009–2010. Our objectives include evaluating bottom-up prior flux estimates, assessing the value added by the satellite data, and examining the impacts of inversion technique and assumptions on posterior fluxes and uncertainties. The GOSAT inversion is generally better constrained than the in situ inversion, with smaller posterior regional flux uncertainties and correlations, because of greater spatial coverage, except over North America and high-latitude ocean. Complementarity of the in situ and GOSAT data enhances uncertainty reductions in a joint inversion; however, spatial and temporal gaps in sampling still limit the ability to accurately resolve fluxes down to the sub-continental scale. The GOSAT inversion produces a shift in the global CO2 sink from the tropics to the north and south relative to the prior, and an increased source in the tropics of ~ 2 Pg C y−1 relative to the in situ inversion, similar to what is seen in studies using other inversion approaches. This result may be driven by sampling and residual retrieval biases in the GOSAT data, as suggested by significant discrepancies between posterior CO2 distributions and surface in situ and HIPPO mission aircraft data. While the shift in the global sink appears to be a robust feature of the inversions, the partitioning of the sink between land and ocean in the inversions using either in situ or GOSAT data is found to be sensitive to prior uncertainties because of negative correlations in the flux errors. The GOSAT inversion indicates significantly less CO2 uptake in summer of 2010 than in 2009 across northern regions, consistent with the impact of observed severe heat waves and drought. However, observations from an in situ network in Siberia imply that the GOSAT inversion exaggerates the 2010–2009 difference in uptake in that region, while the prior CASA-GFED model of net ecosystem production and fire emissions reasonably estimates that quantity. The prior, in situ posterior, and GOSAT posterior all indicate greater uptake over North America in spring to early summer of 2010 than in 2009, consistent with wetter conditions. The GOSAT inversion does not show the expected impact on fluxes of a 2010 drought in the Amazon; evaluation of posterior mole fractions against local aircraft profiles suggests that time-varying GOSAT coverage can bias estimation of flux interannual variability in this region.

Global value chain linkages and domestic value-added content: Empirical evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhushan Praveen Jangam ◽  
Badri Narayan Rath
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between global value chains (GVCs) and domestic value-added content (DVA) in a panel of 58 countries for the period 2005–2015. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors quantify the refined measures of GVC linkages by using the Borin and Mancini (2019) decomposition technique. Second, the authors apply the feasible generalised least squares method to test the relationship between GVCs and DVA empirically. Findings First, the authors find that GVC links are crucial to the enhancement of DVA. Second, a study at the sectoral level reveals that GVC links in the primary sector raise DVA whilst reducing DVA in the services sector. Third, the authors find that only upstream activities enhance value-added content. Fourth, the authors note the augmenting role played by national policies in mediating the gains associated with GVCs. Finally, the authors note that the outcomes associated with GVCs are consistent when the sample of countries is divided into groups based on income. Practical implications The results lead us to urge policymakers to promote greater integration of business activities into GVCs to reap their benefits. Originality/value This paper contributes to the research on the impact of GVCs on DVA by emphasising the significance of the types of GVC activities and policies that improve DVA.

THE IMPACT OF VALUE ADDED TAX ON CASH FLOWS OF ROAD TRAFFIC COMPANIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Angelika KĂştna ◽  
Norbert Gyurián
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Impact

Within the Member States of the European Union, value added tax (VAT) is the most harmonized form of tax from all types of direct and indirect taxes. It does not affect the costs or the revenues of the company, but it affects taxpayers on the other hand. The impact on the company's cash flows is most significantly affected. The basic principle of VAT taxation consists of the following idea. The Member State of final consumption of the goods or services is the state to whom the VAT finally belongs to. The free movement of goods and services between the Member States resulted in many new traffic companies being created. The measure of VAT influence on Cash Flows depends mainly on two impact factors. The first is the length of excessive deduction payment period to taxpayer bank account. The second impact factor is the amount of excessive deduction expressed through money. The objective of this study is an evaluation and quantification of the impact of value added tax on the road traffic companies’ cash flows. The financial burden of traffic companies had an upward trend only during the first and second year of the analyzed period. Since 2006, the financial burden had a downward trend. This decrease was more significant until 2009 (the end of the financial crisis in European countries). After this year, the declining rate had moderated. This development results not only from declining interest rates of the European Central Bank but also from economic growth and development in European countries.

scholarly journals The new “global”: the role of cargo maritime transport of goods with focus on the transportation corridor between Southeast Asia and Northwestern Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 09010
Author(s):  
Marek Minárik ◽  
Denisa Čiderová
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Transportation Corridor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Our research is framed by the new institutional theory reflected in: the property rights theory [1] and transfer of ownership of goods and the transaction costs theory that might be associated with economic exchange theory. Overall, we need to consider occurrence of deglobalization and the COVID-19 crisis, which recently not just decelerated growth of the world economy, but even put it to a halt; one might conclude that (de)globalization [2] and the COVID-19 crisis are behind the new “global” [3]. Purpose of the article: We investigate the impact of connectivity between selected countries by cargo maritime transport on costs to import of 1 TEU container transporting a specific commodity in a specific transportation corridor. Methods: Our research is based on a regression analysis creating a model of UNCTAD statistics; the Liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI); and the WEF Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). We consider the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that converges with the global maritime transportation corridor between (Southeast) Asia/China – Northwestern Europe/EU (the North Sea Region) in this respect, bearing in mind the 2017 round of the International Comparison Program recently released by the World Bank. Findings & Value added: Our research reveals correlation of the costs to import of 1 TEU container vis-à-vis the quality and intensity of liner shipping connections and the quality of the business environment determining the transaction costs in import price. Value added of the paper is our focus on sustainable development reinvigorated by prestigious international organisations and European Union institutions.

scholarly journals The New Luddite Scare: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Labor, Capital and Business Competition between US and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Miron Wolnicki ◽  
Ryszard Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The main aim of the article is to send a message to the general public that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no different than any inventions disruptive for the mode of production discovered before. In the past, Luddites looked with fear at steam-powered industry and mechanized looms; today we look at Artificial Intelligence (AI) with equal anxiety and fear of the unknown. Methodology: We analyze the world literature on this subject and compare the main economic actors: the USA and China. We also use some historic analogies like discoveries of Thomas Edison and Nicola Tesla. Findings: AI is a ground-breaking technology which will fundamentally change human relations to the outside world. It will disrupt all known paradigms or production, medicine, shopping and, generally, the exploration of human environment, blurring the barrier between virtual and real. Value Added: The luddite-type fears are unfounded. AI will enhance the concentration power, polarize societies between winners and losers, capital and labor and enhance the gaps which were on rise with the industrial revolution. We are at the outset of another revolution which will give humans a better command of nature. The negative effects of the revolution should be addressed and resolved in the future. Recommendations: AI was created by people and can be ultimately governed by the people who set it in motion. Perhaps AI will provide answers how to control ourselves from a runaway deep or general AI. But this is a subject of another paper.

scholarly journals Barriers to the development of SMEs in the Slovak Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ivanová
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Impact

Research background: SMEs make up an important segment of the economic system, not only in the national economy, but also throughout the EU, and their importance continues to grow. SMEs in Slovakia, according to the latest data of the European Commission, represent 99.9 per cent of all enterprises, constitute 70.7 per cent of jobs, and 61.2 per cent of value added in the economy. However, they are often confronted with market imperfections. SMEs frequently have difficulties in obtaining capital or credit, particularly in the early start-up phase. Their restricted resources may also reduce access to new technologies or innovation. Authors often deal with the impact of SME financing on their development. Madrid-Guijarro et al. (2016), Lee et al. (2015) claim that SMEs have difficulty in funding innovation and the worsening in general credit conditions has been more pronounced for non-innovative firms.Purpose of the article: The main objective of the conducted research was to analyze the conditions for the development of small and medium enterprises (the SMEs sector) in Slovak Republic, whereas the specific objectives were: (1) to determine the terms for gaining external sources of financing for the development of SMEs, (2) to examine the resources for innovation development in the SMEs sector, (3) to find out if SMEs are considered to be a competitive advantage.Methods: The research was conducted in the Slovak Republic in 2016. Participants were 193 Slovak companies that were classified as SMEs by the size class of employment. The research tool used for the study was the own questionnaire consisting of 38 questions and the demographics. The structure of the questionnaire allowed the authors to identify the group of questions concerning the most important conditions for the development of the examined sector referring to the business environment. The results were processed by chi-square method.Findings & Value added: On the basis of the conducted research of the sector of SMEs , it can be concluded that a large group of companies have difficult access to external sources of financing and this refers both to the access to the European Union funds, grants, bank loans and other instruments of the financial market. However, it occurs that: (1) in Slovakia, the smaller the enterprise, i.e. the fewer employees it hires, the easier the access to external sources of financing, (1) innovative projects are realized from company profits or a loan, (1) problems in Slovakia in accessing external funds due to the complexity of the process of approval of applications and documents and strict criteria for the assessment of financial capacity.

scholarly journals The impact of the Covid pandemic on transport companies and the possibilities of improving their management in the conditions of Slovak republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Olga Ponisciakova ◽  
Eva Kicova
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Interpretive Methods ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Against the background of a more thorough knowledge of the impact of the Covid pandemic, it is necessary to consider the possibilities of mitigating the effects of it. We propose the use of such progressive management tools in the field of transport, which could increase the readiness of management for more stable and effective management in the future. Purpose of the article: The main purpose is based on the analysis of the impact of the Covid pandemic to suggest ways to improve the management of transport companies operating in Slovakia. To achieve this, we will focus on identifying the key impacts of the pandemic in this sector and propose management tools that could mitigate the impact of a potential crisis in the future. Methods: We will use theoretical and empirical scientific methods in processing the subject. We will work with theoretical methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. In the second step, the article will use empirical scientific techniques that work with specific data and precise methods to achieve concrete results. In addition to explanatory methods, interpretive methods will also be used. Findings & Value added: Information on the effects of the pandemic on Slovak transport companies will be important, which will serve as a basis for the design part. The added value will be the recommendation of progressive management tools in the conditions of specific transport companies with an emphasis on strategic management and elimination of the impacts of potential crisis situations in the future.

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