scholarly journals The Neo-Industrial Nature of the Convergence of Information and Cognitive Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Natalia Ezdina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Technological Transition ◽  
Electronic Computers ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Industrial Role

The development of information and cognitive technologies began with the advent of electronic computers. Today, with progress in the fields of grid computing and robotics, most of the tasks of electronic computers are able to solve without human assistance, thereby forming artificial intelligence. Robots and computers can not only perform a range of routine physical activities more efficiently and at lower cost than humans, but today they are also increasingly capable of performing activities that include cognitive abilities that were previously considered too difficult to automate, for example, the acceptance of tacit judgments, the perception of emotions. This predetermines the neo-industrial role of the convergence of information and cognitive technologies, which should form a platform for neo-industrial development. The latter is possible with the accelerated diffusion of convergent technologies in industry, in which they must replace production technologies that have reached their limit. Such a technological transition should be based not on the branch, but on the supra-branch principle of structural genesis. In its turn, to do this, it is necessary to take into account both the benefits and risks of neo-industrial modernization of industry based on convergent technologies. This is the social effect of information-and-convergent neo-industrialization.

scholarly journals Contamination sensitivity and the development of disease-avoidant behaviour

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1583) ◽  
pp. 3427-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Siegal ◽  
Roberta Fadda ◽  
Paul G. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Disease Avoidance ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
The Social

Owing to their developing cognitive abilities and their limited knowledge about the biological basis of illness, children often have less expertise at disease avoidance than adults. However, affective reactions to contaminants through the acquisition of disgust and the social and cultural transmissions of knowledge about contamination and contagion provide impetus for children to learn effective disease-avoidant behaviours early in their development. In this article, we review the ontogenetic development of knowledge about contamination and contagion with particular attention to the role of socialization and culture. Together with their emerging cognitive abilities and affective reactions to contaminants, informal and formal cultural learning shape children's knowledge about disease. Through this process, the perceptual cues of contamination are linked to threats of disease outcomes and can act as determinants of disease-avoidant behaviours.

scholarly journals Developmental Histories Facilitating the Emergence of Creative Scientific Expertise: The Role of Developed Cognitive Talents, Education, and Social and Cultural Contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wai ◽  
Matt I. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bifactor Modeling

Understanding how individual and contextual factors collectively contribute to the developmental histories that facilitate the emergence of creative expertise in science is improved by considering the contribution of the broad structure of developed cognitive abilities to creativity, prospective research on the high achieving or gifted students who may choose careers in and end up as creative scientists later in life, as well as retrospective studies of established creative scientists themselves and what their educational histories reveal. We first review and elaborate on these connections as documented in research which explore the development of talent, including cognitive mechanisms that include math and spatial reasoning and science related educational opportunities. We propose a research thought experiment that utilizes the multi-trait, multi-method matrix, and bifactor modeling to help understand the true overlap between measurement structures of cognitive and creative aptitudes. Then we explore the social and cultural contexts that may facilitate and/or hinder creative solutions in science through the lens of how these ecosystems influence talent development for gifted students and also the production of elite scientists. Based on this review, some policies will be suggested that may enhance the development of scientific creativity and broader societal innovation and expand the pipeline to include and fully develop the talents of disadvantaged students and provide nurturing environments to improve the likelihood of the emergence of scientific creative expertise.

scholarly journals The Neo-Industrial Role of Digital and Converged Technologies in the Russian Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Natalia Ezdina ◽  
Elena Dotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Technological Convergence ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Advanced Development ◽  
Industrial Role

In modern conditions, the diffusion of digital technologies into the structure of the economy is considered as one of the most effective mechanisms for transforming economic systems. The digital economy as a category has a wide content, since, in addition to production and technological features, it also includes social, economic, institutional parameters that ensure the transition to a new scientific and technological structure, characterized by the integration and interpenetration of sciences and technologies – technological convergence. In the process of diffusion of convergent technologies into the structure of the industry, its radical innovative development is expected with an exit to many times higher levels of labor productivity. This process should be called neo-industrial development, in which structural changes in industry are not sectoral, but over sectoral, convergent. At the same time, in the conditions of the transitional Russian economy, the conducted scientific and technological policy is essentially catching up and is not able to ensure the elimination of technological lag. Therefore, to implement the neo-industrial role of digital and convergent technologies in the modernization of the Russian economy, it is important to ensure the transition to a policy of advanced development.

scholarly journals Little Towns of the Irkutsk Region: Analysis of Socio-Economic Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Grigoriy Tsykunov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Population Ratio

The article examined socio-economic issues of little towns in the Irkutsk region in retrospect and in perspective of their development. The author explored the place and role of little towns in the history of Russia and its regions, identified a group of little towns, conditions for their formation, based on the population settlement and industrial development of the region. In the article the author defined the concepts of a city-forming enterprise and a monotown that are widely practiced in urban settlements of the region, and devoted special attention to the analysis of the demographic status of little towns, population dynamics, and natural and migration movements. The research revealed the processes of natural population decline caused by a decrease in the birth rate and rise in mortality, as well as the migration outflow of residents of little towns. The author examined the social situation of urban settlements that suffered extensive losses in the new economic conditions. The research concluded that bed/population ratio in regional little towns, including the number of doctors and nursing staff, is significantly behind the regional indicators. The author put forwards ideas how to preserve the historical and socio-economic identity of little towns.

scholarly journals USING THE EMPLOYMENT OF MIGRANTS IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE KHANTYMANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG – YUGRA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/1) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Natalya S. KHARINA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
New Settlements

During the first five-year plan in the USSR the following tasks were set: to mobilize the activity of the working masses, to ensure early implementation of the plan, to develop field and horticulture, to mobilize funds, to eliminate illiteracy. This study, based on various sources, shows the role of the special contingent in creating a strong industrial potential of the country in remote areas with harsh climatic conditions. The author noted the contribution of special settlers in the economic development of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, where the main industries were fishing, logging, livestock, hunting, reindeer husbandry and horticulture. It can be argued that the state has focused on the development of the fishing, forestry and woodworking industries. The work of special settlers created the basis for further industrial development of the region, new settlements were built, the social base was developed. It should be noted that the special settlers were carriers and keepers of the traditional culture of the region from which they came from: methods of land cultivation, production of tools, etc. In this connection, the special settlers played a particularly important role in the growth of agricultural production in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

scholarly journals Geographical space as a mediator between population and economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Andrey I. Trеivish
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Geographical Space

The article covers a wide range of relations between the population and the economy through space (their spatial relations). The dynamics of quantitative proportions between the number of inhabitants, the volume of gross product and the size of the territory of the countries of the world and Russian regions are analyzed. Changes in the composition of the economy and population, production and consumption under globalization and post-industrial development, and their geographical effects, are revealed, including those in Russia. It is recognized, in particular, that the geography of society is today less dependent on fixed capital and more on the human capital. A distinction is made between types of activities by their demand for space with its resources and between types of places according to their supply. The role of space as an integrator or disintegrator of social phenomena, in terms of its accessibility is investigated. A review of some issues related to the growth of spatial mobility of people and property, flows and territorial shifts is carried out. The social value of mobility and its role in overcoming spatial barriers is shown.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

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