Hypergravity running: A “centrifugal track” for sprint-specific strength training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Picerno
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Water Strider ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Centripetal Acceleration ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Link Type

After having discovered that, unlike humans, greyhounds do not slow down when running round a tight bend (Usherwood & Wilson, 2005 – https://doi.org/10.1038/438753a), desert lizards actually swim in the Sahara (Crofts & Summers, 2011 – https://doi.org/10.1038/472177a) and water strider insects are able to jump on water (Koh et al., 2015 – https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1637), we are now going to find out how sprint-running athletes can improve their strength capabilities by running under an augmented gravitational acceleration similar to that of Jupiter without actually having to leave Earth. The centrifugal track exploits the centripetal acceleration to increase the runner’s body weight during the foot-contact phase of running. Since inertial forces are distributed, the overload produced by running on the centrifugal track does not harmfully affect the musculoskeletal system. It has been shown that this overload does not cause acute detrimental changes to the running technique. The centrifugal track can be proposed as a viable alternative to traditional sprint-specific strength training tools.

scholarly journals Volume estimations for combined free-weight and rubber-band resistance exercise

Kinesiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd C. Shoepe ◽  
Jeanette M. Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Free Weight

Volume, or the total work performed during resistance training is one of the vital variables of resistance exercise programming. The most common definition in use by practitioners is sets x reps x external weight. While appropriate for linear loading incurred through free-weight resistance exercise, this inadequately addresses the nonlinear loading incurred with rubber resistance, a relatively new loading technique. The purpose of this investigation was to derive a theoretical model to describe a method of volume calculation for rubber band plus free-weight exercise. Men (n=51; age 19.5±1.6 years; body height 1.76±0.07 meters; body weight 77.3±11.3 kilograms) and women participants (n=66; age 18.9±1.1 years; body height 1.65±0.07 meters; body weight 62.8±9.1 kilograms) were measured for band lengths incurred at: squat with knee extended position, squat with flexed position, and change in band length was then calculated. Significant gender differences were seen for band length change as a percentage of body height (p<0.5) during the squat, which mandated separate volume equations (females=33.8%; males=35.3% of body height). Equations were determined for total external volume estimation in kgm=[0.338(m+2c2+(ln(h)-0.383)2c1)]/g and kgm=[0.352(m+2c2+(ln(h)-0.382)2c1)]/g for females and males, respectively, where m is the total external resistance, c2 and c1 are constants derived from rubber-band loading parameters, h is the body height of the participant, and g is gravitational acceleration. This work provides practitioners and researchers with a simple theoretical method for work estimation using participant’s body height to estimate displacement values during the squat exercise.

Chloroacetonitrile induces intrauterine growth restriction and musculoskeletal toxicity in fetal mouse

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Ahmed ◽  
HM El-Mazar ◽  
AA Nagy ◽  
AB Abdel-Naim
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Exposure ◽  
Calcified Cartilage ◽  
High Doses

Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a by-product of chlorination of drinking water. Epidemiological studies indicate that it might present a hazard to human health. The present study was designed to investigate the potential adverse effects of intrauterine exposure to CAN on fetal body weight and development of the musculoskeletal system in mice. At gestation day 6, pregnant mice were given CAN (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg/day) till gestation day 18. Uteri were then examined and live fetuses were collected, weighed, and evaluated for any malformations. High doses of CAN (50 mg/kg) significantly elevated fetal anomalies and reduced fetal viability. Chloroacetonitrile at a dose of 25 mg/kg did not affect fetal viability and significantly reduced fetal body weight. Subsequent experimentation was performed using this dose level. Histological examination of fetal axial skeleton indicated that CAN resulted in delayed appearance of endochondral ossification centers, widening of the vertebrae, and destruction of the calcified zone. In addition, the skeletal muscle fibers were markedly distorted, were small in size, and were widely separated by connective tissue. Both connective tissue perimysium and endomysium were less cellular compared with control sections. The histological findings were further confirmed by assessing the morphometric changes. Ratios of calcified cartilage to non-calcified cartilage areas in both control and CAN-exposed groups were determined. Also, skeletal muscle fiber diameter of CAN-exposed fetuses was significantly decreased compared with control group. In conclusion, intrauterine exposure to low levels of CAN decreases fetal body weight and induces malformations in the musculoskeletal system in mice.

Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on maximum strength and EMG activity of the leg extensors in men

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Sedliak ◽  
Taija Finni ◽  
Jussi Peltonen ◽  
Keijo Häkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Leg Extensors

Effect of contrasting physical exercise interventions on rapid force capacity of chronically painful muscles

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars L. Andersen ◽  
Jesper L. Andersen ◽  
Charlotte Suetta ◽  
Michael Kjær ◽  
Karen Søgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Specific Strength

Rapid force capacity of chronically painful muscles is inhibited markedly more than maximal force capacity and is therefore relevant to assess in rehabilitation settings. Our objective was to investigate the effect of two contrasting types of physical exercise on rapid force capacity, as well as neural and muscular adaptations in women with chronic neck muscle pain. A group of employed women ( n = 42) with a clinical diagnosis of trapezius myalgia participated in a 10-wk randomized controlled trial; specific strength training of the neck/shoulder muscles, general fitness training performed as leg-bicycling; or a reference intervention without physical activity. Maximal voluntary shoulder abductions were performed at static angles of 35° and 115° with simultaneous recording of electromyography (EMG) in the trapezius and deltoid. Maximal muscle strength and activation (peak torque and peak EMG) as well as rapid muscle strength and activation [rate of torque development (RTD) and rate of EMG rise] were subsequently determined. Trapezius muscle fiber characteristics were determined with ATPase histochemistry. Significant changes were observed only in the specific strength training group. Whereas peak torque increased 18–29% ( P < 0.01), RTD increased 61–115% ( P < 0.001). Peak EMG and rate of EMG rise increased correspondingly ( P < 0.05–0.001), and trapezius type II muscle fibers hypertrophied 20% ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, rapid force capacity of chronically painful muscles is highly responsive to rehabilitation with specific strength training. The underlying mechanisms were related to both pain reduction and general neuromuscular adaptations to strength training. Potentially, the present method can be a useful clinical screening tool of muscle function in rehabilitation settings.

scholarly journals Centrifugal (centripetal) and Coriolis' velocities and accelerations in $$ (\bar L_n ,g) $$ -spaces

Open Physics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawa Manoff
Keyword(s):  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Einstein Theory ◽  
Centripetal Acceleration ◽  
Affine Connections ◽  
Relative Acceleration ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Gravitational Theories ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation

AbstractThe notions of centrifugal (centripetal) and Coriolis' velocities and accelerations are introduced and considered in spaces with affine connections and metrics [ $$ (\bar L_n ,g) $$ -spaces] as velocities and accelerations of flows of mass elements (particles) moving in space-time. It is shown that these types of velocities and accelerations are generated by the relative motions between the mass elements. They are closely related to the kinematic characteristics of the relative velocity and relative acceleration. The centrifugal (centripetal) velocity is found to be in connection with the Hubble law. The centrifugal (centripetal) acceleration could be interpreted as gravitational acceleration as has been done in the Einstein theory of gravitation. This fact could be used as a basis for workingout new gravitational theories in spaces with affine connections and metrics.

scholarly journals Echography analysis altered in musculoskeletal, heart and liver associated with endothelial dysfunction of obese rat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Martínez Coria ◽  
Norma Angélica Estrada-Cruz ◽  
María Inés Pérez Ordoñez ◽  
Daniel H. Montes-Cortes ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Distal Joint

Abstract Background: Modern imaging plays a central role in the care of obese patients, with an integral focus on its use and accessibility in individuals into this condition with alterations of various organs. Objective. To perform an echographical analysis of musculoskeletal system disorders, endothelial dysfunction and the left ventricle in obese rats. Methods. Sprague Dawley rats (250±5 g) were used and divided in two groups: control group (C) fed with a standard diet, and the obese group (Ob) fed with a hyper caloric diet of high fructose-fat for 4 months. Body weight, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) were measured. Additionally, two-dimensional echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound and musculoskeletal system studies were performed in the lower extremities.Results. Body weight in the Ob group was increased compared to the control group, (p <0.001); in addition, increased glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were found in the Ob group vs the C group, (p<0.05), and as well as increased adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and, VCAM-1 (p<0.01). On ultrasound, 75% of the Ob group presented, showed 75% fatty liver and distal joint abnormalities. Conclusion. Endothelial dysfunction and changes at the level of the musculoskeletal system with the presence of joint cysts in the posterior region of the distal joint of the lower extremities and fat liver were observed in obese rodents.

scholarly journals The effect of strength training with different frequency on untrained university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Ali E. Cigerci ◽  
Harun Genc
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Study Aim: The target of this paper was to examine the effects of strength training with different frequency on physical, performance and strength features on untrained university male students. Material and Methods: 24 subjects (age= 21.47+1.50) were divided into three groups; 8 for strength training group once a week (ST1), 8 for strength training group three times a week (ST3) and 8 for control group (CG). The training groups were applied a 6-week ST that lasted approximately 80-90 minutes for each training 3 days a week for ST3 and once a week for ST1. Analysis of intergroup, intragroup and the effect of training were carried out with repeated measures ANOVA. Significance was set at 0.05. Results: There was no difference in body weight and body mass index values in training groups, while a significant increase was found in CG. In addition, there was a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in skeleton muscle mass without any change in body weight and body mass index in ST3. No statistical difference was seen in 10-20 m sprint and agility tests in all groups. For vertical jump, balance test for right and left leg, there was a significant difference between the pre and post-test measurements of ST1 and ST3. In standing long jump measurements, significance was seen in favor of ST3. In strength parameter, while a significant difference was detected in bench press, shoulder press and push-up due to the development of training groups, a statistically significance was found in squat and biceps curl by reason of improvement in ST3. Conclusion: As a conclusion, it can be said that 6-week strength training with different frequency applied on untrained male students has a positive effect on physical, performance and strength features.

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