Secondary analysis of a marketing research database reveals patterns in dairy product purchases over time☆

Abstract Dairy fat is rich in saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (16:0) but low in linoleic acid (18:2n-6). The natural carbon 13 enrichment (δ13C) of 16:0 is higher in dairy fat than in most of the food supply. In adults, serum levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) are recognized as biomarkers of dairy intake. In adolescents, no study has evaluated serum fatty acid levels or δ13C in response to chronic dairy consumption. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether increased dairy product consumption can modulate 1) serum fatty acid levels and 2) 16:0 δ13C in adolescents with overweight/obesity who followed a 12-week weight management program. This secondary analysis of a RCT included two groups of adolescent females: recommended dairy (RDa; n=23) and low dairy (LDa; n=23). The RDa group was given 4 servings/d of dairy products while the LDa group maintained dairy intakes at ≤2 servings/d. Blood was sampled before and after the intervention. Lipids were extracted, separated, and fatty acids were quantified by gas chromatography. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to assess 16:0 δ13C. There were no group differences on serum changes of 15:0 or 17:0. Within triglycerides, 18:2n-6 was lowered by 7.4% only in the RDa group (p = 0.040). The difference in delta 16:0 δ13C between the LDa and RDa group did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.070). Reductions in serum 18:2n-6 by dairy consumption could have positive health implications but more studies are needed to confirm this assertion.

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Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550616675668 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 652-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Randles ◽

Steven J. Heine ◽

Michael Poulin ◽

Roxane Cohen Silver

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Political Attitudes ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

National Sample ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Over Time

Many studies find that when made to feel uncertain, participants respond by affirming importantly held beliefs. However, while theories argue that these effects should persist over time for highly disruptive experiences, almost no research has been performed outside the lab. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national sample of U.S. adults ( N = 1,613) who were followed longitudinally for 3 years. Participants reported lifetime and recent adversities experienced annually, as well as their opinions on a number of questions related to intergroup hostility and aggression toward out-groups, similar to those used in many lab studies of uncertainty. We anticipated that those who had experienced adversity would show more extreme support for their position. There was a positive relationship between adversity and the tendency to strongly affirm and polarize their positions. Results suggest that adverse life events may lead to long-lasting changes in one’s tendency to polarize one’s political attitudes.

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Six-month trajectories of self-reported depressive symptoms in long-term care

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610215001179 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 71-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jane McCusker ◽

Martin G. Cole ◽

Philippe Voyer ◽

Johanne Monette ◽

Nathalie Champoux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Term Care ◽

Symptom Trajectory ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACTBackground:Depression is a common problem in long-term care (LTC) settings. We sought to characterize depression symptom trajectories over six months among older residents, and to identify resident characteristics at baseline that predict symptom trajectory.Methods:This study was a secondary analysis of data from a six-month prospective, observational, and multi-site study. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) at baseline and with up to six monthly follow-up assessments. Participants were 130 residents with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 15 or more at baseline and of at least two of the six monthly follow-up assessments. Individual resident GDS trajectories were grouped using hierarchical clustering. The baseline predictors of a more severe trajectory were identified using the Proportional Odds Model.Results:Three clusters of depression symptom trajectory were found that described “lower,” “intermediate,” and “higher” levels of depressive symptoms over time (mean GDS scores for three clusters at baseline were 2.2, 4.9, and 9.0 respectively). The GDS scores in all groups were generally stable over time. Baseline predictors of a more severe trajectory were as follows: Initial GDS score of 7 or more, female sex, LTC residence for less than 12 months, and corrected visual impairment.Conclusions:The six-month course of depressive symptoms in LTC is generally stable. Most residents who experience a more severe symptom trajectory can be identified at baseline.

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Using Secondary Analysis to Maintain a Critically Reflexive Approach to Qualitative Research

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.3370 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 53-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sarah Wilson

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Research Work ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Research History ◽

Critical Reflexivity ◽

Over Time

Maintaining a ‘critical reflexivity’ ( Heaphy 2008 ) or ‘investigative epistemology’ ( Mason 2007 ) in relation to the sedimented assumptions built up over the course of one's own research history and embedded in common research boundaries, is difficult. The type of secondary analysis discussed in this paper is not an easy or quick ‘fix’ to the important issue of how such assumptions can embed themselves over time in methods chosen and questions asked. Even though archived studies are often accompanied by relatively detailed metadata, finding relevant data and getting a grasp on a sample, is time-consuming. However, it is argued that close examination of rawer data than those presented in research reports from carefully chosen studies combining similar foci and epistemological approaches but with differently situated samples, can help. Here, this process highlighted assumptions underlying the habitual disciplinary locations and constructions of so-called ‘vulnerable’ as opposed to ‘ordinary’ samples, leading the author to scrutinise aspects of her previous research work in this light and providing important insights for the development of further projects.

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Patterns of Symptom Distress in Adults Receiving Treatment for Lung Cancer

Journal of Palliative Care ◽

10.1177/082585970201800303 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 150-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Mary E. Cooley ◽

Thomas H. Short ◽

Helene J. Moriarty

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Symptom Distress ◽

Course Of Illness ◽

Lung Cancer Patients ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

Knowledge of the patterns of symptom distress in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer is an important first step in developing interventions that can potentially lessen symptom distress. The purposes of this secondary analysis were to describe the changes in patterns of symptom distress over time in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer, and to examine the relationship of selected demographic and clinical characteristics to symptom distress. Complete data were available for 117 patients. The patterns of symptom distress in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer varied between treatment groups and over time. Symptom distress scores were moderate to high on entry into the study, indicating that symptom management in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients is essential and should begin early in the course of illness. Moreover, clinical interventions should be tailored to the type of treatment. Various demographic and clinical variables were weak and inconsistent predictors of symptom distress, underscoring the importance of examining the role of psychosocial factors in mediating symptom distress.

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Episodic Memory in Later Life: Benefits of Prayer and Meditation

Journal of Holistic Nursing ◽

10.1177/0898010119898547 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 30-40

Author(s):

Nirmala Lekhak ◽

Tirth R. Bhatta ◽

Jaclene A. Zauszniewski

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Regression Models ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Later Life ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Generalized Estimating Equation ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Retirement Study ◽

Over Time

Purpose: To examine the effects of prayer and meditation on the episodic memory of older adults. Design: Secondary analysis of Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Method: Drawing from a subsample of HRS ( n = 1,135), this study utilized generalized estimating equation regression models to examine the effects of meditation and prayer on changes in episodic memory of older adults over time. Findings: Findings show a statistically significant positive effect of the use of prayer (0.50, p < .05) on episodic memory score at baseline. We also observed a slight gain in episodic memory over time for older adults who used prayer (0.04, p = .05). Meditation was not found to have a statistically significant effect on changes in memory in later life. Conclusion: This study illustrates the benefits of prayer in preserving memory and provides much needed empirical basis for community-level interventions to enhance memory in later life.

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Behaviour and decision making of Czech consumers when buying beverages

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/5032-agricecon ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 341-346

Author(s):

M. Foret ◽

P. Procházka

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Life Style ◽

Consumer Behaviour ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Marketing Research ◽

The Other ◽

Research Project ◽

The One ◽

Consumption Habits

The article deals with the problem of analysis of the factors that influence the behaviour and decision-making of consumers when buying beverages. The analysis was based on data about consumer behaviour obtained within the period of 1993–2004. The secondary analysis involved data collected within the framework of a marketing research project SHOPPING MONITOR performed by the marketing agencies INCOMA Research and GfK Prague in years 1999–2002. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that hypermarkets were dominating not only as a place of purchasing foodstuffs in general but also as a leading outlet for sale of beverages. Czech consumers preferred Czech brands of beverages and there was a new trend in increasing purchases of tea, juices and mineral water on the one hand and coffee and wine on the other. This indicates a change in consumption habits and reflects an interest in a healthier life style. 

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